This region of space was selected in part because it is located behind several galaxy clusters that create a natural magnification effect called gravitational lensing.

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The region of the highest cone density lies within the foveae, allowing the birds to clearly perceive distant objects through magnification.

By comparing the apparent positions of the holes as viewed by the optical microscope with the actual positions, the researchers assessed errors from magnification calibration and image distortion of the optical microscope.

Josh Bouganim, a software engineer, proposed examining both cards under 200x magnification to see if the threads in the swatches matched.