Since the beginning of spaceflight in the 1950s, NASA missions have leveraged radio frequency communications to send data to and from space. Optical communications, also known as laser communications, will further empower missions with unprecedented data capabilities.

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NASA uses lasers to send information to and from Earth, employing invisible beams to traverse the skies, sending terabytes of…

From October 2013 through April 2014, LLCD demonstration laser communications during the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) mission.

Both radio waves and infrared light are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths at different points on the electromagnetic spectrum.

The infrared light used for laser communications differs from radio waves because the infrared light packs the data into significantly tighter waves, meaning ground stations can receive more data at once. While laser communications aren’t necessarily faster, more data can be transmitted in one downlink.

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The critical move to optical communications will provide numerous benefits to NASA’s user missions. For all its benefits, optical communications still faces several challenges.

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OPALS is a technology demonstration aboard the International Space Station designed to test the use of focused laser energy for space communications.

The CTE System includes a laptop computer preloaded with CTE software, and required computer interfaces, a benchtop stainless steel water bath with 10gal (38L) capacity and dimensions of 25x16x13in (635x406x330mm) WxDxH, one stainless steel measuring frame with LVDT, stand-alone water circulating unit with thermistor temperature probe, and a water level control device. The system is UL Certified and operates at 115V, 60Hz or 240V, 50Hz

O2O will leverage laser communications on the Orion spacecraft, enabling live, ultra-high-definition video feeds between astronauts and Earth.

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As science instruments evolve to capture high-definition data like 4K video, missions will need expedited ways to transmit information to Earth. With laser communications, NASA can significantly accelerate the data transfer process and empower more discoveries. Optical, or laser, communications will enable 10 to 100 times more data transmitted back to Earth than current radio frequency systems.

An additional HMA-114C CTE Measuring Frame and HMA-113 LVDT Calibrator, purchased separately, allows the testing of two specimens simultaneously for greater sample efficiency. The frames are supplied ready to connect the LVDT directly to the USB port of the computer. The HMA-113 LVDT Calibrator with Digital Micrometer can be purchased separately to verify the performance of the LVDT.

Optical communications will provide significant benefits for missions, including bandwidth increases of 10 to 100 times more than radio frequency systems.

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NASA’s Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) is demonstrating NASA's first two-way laser relay communications system, sending and receiving data over invisible infrared lasers from its location in geosynchronous orbit with ground stations in California and Hawaii.

Lens distortion is a cosmetic-type optical aberration which does not decrease the amount of information in an image. It occurs when information is displaced ...

Optical communications systems are ideal for missions because they need less volume, weight, and power. Less mass means more room for science instruments, and less power means less of a drain of spacecraft power systems.

Coefficient ofthermalexpansion formula

Once the saturated 4x7in (101.6x177.8mm) dia.xL concrete specimen is mounted in the measuring frame and immersed in the water bath, the test is initiated simply by pressing the start button. Precise length change measurements of the specimen are recorded at specified controlled temperatures over a range of 10°–50°C (50°–122°F). At completion, the CTE value is computed and reported.

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OCSD, consisting of three CubeSats launched in 2017, conducted the first-ever high-speed laser communications downlink from a CubeSat to a ground station.

The JWST Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) offers imaging, coronagraphy, wide field slitless spectroscopy, and time-series monitoring both in imaging and ...

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Calibration and Verification Specimens are purchased separately. HMA-104 Calibration Specimen is 304 Stainless Steel, and HMA-115 Verification Specimen is 410 Stainless Steel. Grade 5 Titanium Steel and Nickel Calibration Specimens are available and can be certified to ASTM E228 by an ISO 9001 facility for additional confidence. Inquire for additional information.

Although optical communications systems reduce size, weight, and power requirements, the entire Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) payload is actually the size of a standard king-sized mattress!

Launched on December 7, 2021, the Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) aims to showcase the unique capabilities of optical communications.

The DSOC package will be aboard NASA's Psyche mission and utilizes photons to transmit more data in a given amount of time.

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Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) determinations predict thermally induced expansion and contraction movements in concrete pavement. CTE values help in developing concrete pavement mix designs that maximize service life. The NCHRP 1-37A research program found that these thermal movements have a significant impact on concrete pavement performance, and integrated the use of CTE values into the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). AASHTO T 336 is the standard test method for the determination of CTE values, and other agencies are evaluating its development.

High definition lenses enable patients to enjoy up to 20 percent wider vision channel for both intermediate and near distances.

NASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.

It would take roughly nine weeks to transmit a complete map of Mars back to Earth with current radio frequency systems. With lasers, it would take about nine days.

Gilson CTE System components all work together to achieve significant improvements in accuracy, repeatability, and versatility over currently available systems. Pre-loaded software on the included laptop computer completely automates measuring, recording, and calculating final CTE values in accordance with AASHTO T 336. The portable benchtop stainless steel water bath has the capacity for testing two samples simultaneously with the use of an additional HMA-114C CTE Measuring Frame and HMA-113 LVDT Calibrator. A water circulation unit uses a thermistor with 0.01°C resolution and ±0.05°C accuracy to control and record bath temperatures. Water is recirculated every twenty seconds, ensuring uniform temperature levels. The effects of evaporative loss are eliminated by a water level control device that precisely maintains a constant water level throughout the test. The heavy-duty adjustable specimen measuring frame adjusts for sample heights from 4 to 8.5in (102 to 216mm) and is constructed of Type 304 stainless steel to assure uniform expansion characteristics. An LVDT securely mounted to the measuring frame has 1.27mm of travel with a resolution of 3.1x10-8mm, assuring extremely precise length change measurements.