Polarizing light - polarizing light

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Multispectral satellite imagery captures data in 5-20 wide, intermittent bands within the visible and infrared wavelengths. This provides more specific and informative data sets than visible/near-visible imagery but, the lower spectral resolution compared to hyperspectral, could still overlook important features.

11-20mm F/2.8 Di III-A RXD (Model B060) is the world's first compact, lightweight F2.8 ultra wide-angle zoom lens for Sony E-mount APS-C mirrorless cameras. Can be a great choice for video shooting.

The 50-400mm F/4.5-6.3 Di III VC VXD (Model A067) is an ultra-telephoto zoom lens with an 8x zoom starting at 50mm at the wide-angle end and compatible with full-frame mirrorless cameras. The lens delivers uncompromised high image quality over the entire 50-400mm focal length range, yet is as compact and lightweight as a 100-400mm class lens. Equipped with the VXD mechanism and the VC mechanism, the lens can quickly focus on the subject's movement when shooting sports and wild birds. The 50-400mm F4.5-6.3 is a new ultra-telephoto zoom lens that combines unparalleled image quality and mobility.

Both hyperspectral and multispectral satellite imagery are valuable earth observation technologies, providing users with visualisations of “invisible” characteristics. Ultimately, the choice between the two depends on the specific needs and goals of a given project. By understanding the strengths and limitations of each, users can make informed decisions and optimise their insights from data captured.

Multispectralcamera

The 17-50mm F/4 Di III VXD (Model A068)It's the world’s first lens covering from ultra wide-angle 17mm to the standard 50mm focal length. The highly-compact TAMRON 17-50mm F/4 Di III VXD (model a068) for Sony E-mount full-frame mirrorless cameras offers maximum versatility for still and video creators. From landscapes to living rooms, this lens captures all that you see.

The 35-150mm F/2-2.8 Di III VXD (Model A058) is a high resolution travel zoom lens that covers everything from the 35mm wide angle to the 150mm telephoto focal length, the first zoom lens achieving an aperture of F2 at the wide angle end. It has a groundbreaking fast-aperture and utilizes the linear motor focus mechanism VXD (Voice-coil eXtreme-torque Drive), thereby achieving high speed, high precision autofocusing. The innovative lens design enabled us to greatly improve the lens's grip and functionality. The software, developed in-house, enables to easily customize functions and to update firmware.

Forests are an essential part of local and global ecosystem health. Effective management ensures that these ecosystems and resources thrive for generations to come. Hyperspectral satellite imagery can aid these efforts by identifying specific characteristics of the vegetation and soil, detecting diseases and pests, or assisting with fire mitigation strategies. The unique spectral signature of different species within the forest canopy can be used to identify and map species distribution throughout a forest. Along with this information, spectral data representing the health of the vegetation can alert scientists to areas that pose a high fire risk, due to lack of resources such as water or disease. When used alongside existing systems, industry professionals can use the insight to best manage and protect forests around the world.

Wide-angle zoom lenses cover the range from ultra wide-angle to standard range. Ultra wide-angle lenses allow you to get closer to buildings and vehicles and still capture a wide range of subjects, resulting in more dynamic shots. It also allows for unique portrait and pet photography, making the most of the perspective. Lightweight and compact TAMRON lenses are particularly useful when shooting landscapes, as the time and distance spent carrying them around can be long.

70-180mm F/2.8 Di III VC VXD G2 (Model A065) has evolved to G2 level.This is the world’s smallest and lightest, fast-aperture telephoto zoom lens for Sony E-mount with astounding portability and superb image quality.

In addition to the focal length, the F-number (aperture value) is another important figure that expresses the characteristics of the lens: the smaller the F-number, the more light-gathering power it will have, and will broaden your possibility. The F-number is calculated as 'focal length ÷ lens effective diameter'. The smaller the 'maximum aperture F value' when the aperture is at its widest, the more sensitive the lens is. When choosing a lens, it is better to mind the F-number as well as the focal length.

Product Page | 11-20mm F/2.8 Di III-A RXD (Model B060) is the world's first compact, lightweight F2.8 ultra wide-angle zoom lens for Sony E-mount APS-C mirrorless cameras. Can be a great choice for video shooting.

As ultra-telephoto zoom lenses allow you to enlarge the faraway subjects, they are best suited for shooting subjects you cannot get close to, such as wildlife, sporting events held at large venues, aircraft and trains. By combining the compression effects and bokeh that telephoto zooms are known for, you can also compose more appealing images.

LiDAR differs from multispectral imagery in that LiDAR creates and measures its own energy source rather than measuring the energy reflected from the sun. Learn more about space-based LiDAR here.

Hyperspectral images have a much higher spectral resolution, meaning you can identify more differences between spectral signatures.

A standard zoom lens covers wide-angle to telephoto focal lengths around 50mm. In addition to snap shots and portraits, these lenses prove their worth in a wide variety of shooting scenarios such as landscapes at the wide end and shots of animals and buildings at the telephoto end.

Multispectral vs hyperspectralremote sensing

The 70-300mm F/4.5-6.3 Di III RXD (Model A047) for full-frame mirrorless cameras is a telephoto zoom lens designed and created so photographers of all skill levels can enjoy high quality images comfortably. The 70-300mm F4.5-6.3 covers a broad telephoto zoom range yet is the small and lightest weight. With special emphasis on resolving power, TAMRON has deployed special lens elements appropriately arranged to correct chromatic aberration, generally very strong in a telephoto lens, as well as other aberrations. Users can enjoy high-resolution images combined with stunning bokeh qualities that are achievable only with a telephoto lens. The lens also incorporates the RXD, a high-speed precision AF drive system that is remarkably quiet. The 70-300mm F4.5-6.3 is a versatile lens for photographing landscapes, sports and other action, pets, wildlife, and more. The lens also demonstrates its potential for portrait shooting, casual snapshots, and scenarios that require you to be mobile and shoot handheld, like sporting events.

The 17-70mm F/2.8 Di III-A VC RXD (Model B070) is a large-aperture standard zoom lens for APS-C format mirrorless cameras. With a focal length range of 17mm to 70mm (a full-frame equivalent of 25.5-105mm) for daily use, this achieves a 4.1x zoom. The optical design ensures high resolution and high contrast not just in the center of the image but also in corners and at the edges. The quiet AF drive motor and the VC image stabilization mechanism facilitate hand-held shooting. In addition, by counteracting focus breathing, the 17-70mm F2.8 empowers users' expression of their creative intentions to the fullest degree. This highly practical lens allows you to easily enjoy the high image quality of a large F2.8 aperture for both still and video shooting.

Multispectralandhyperspectralremote sensing PDF

The focal length of a lens is defined as the distance from the center of the lens (principal point) to the image sensor of the camera. Focal length is an important figure that determines the angle of view. A lens with a short focal length is a wide-angle lens, a lens with a long focal length is a telephoto lens and a standard lens is somewhere in between. When choosing a lens, pay attention to the focal length and select a lens that suits the subject or scene you want to photograph.

There are many examples, such as those below, of industries applying hyperspectral satellite imagery to extend and improve their processes. With hyperspectral satellites capturing more specific spectral data than multispectral satellites, different band ranges are applicable to specific industries and use cases, providing rich and informative datasets.

Another difference is that multispectral data is captured in a non-continuous sample, leaving gaps within the spectral data. On the other hand, hyperspectral is captured in a continuous sample, as demonstrated in the figure below. Because of these differences, hyperspectral imagery is capable of capturing more detailed spectral imagery, making it a valuable tool for evaluating the specific chemical and physical properties of the Earth that multispectral overlooks. However, with this greater detail captured, the data size of hyperspectral imagery is much larger and more complicated to process.

28-75mm F/2.8 Di III VXD G2 (Model A063) is the second-generation fast-aperture standard zoom lens for Sony and Nikon full-frame mirrorless cameras, offering significantly improved optical and autofocus performance and new function customization.

Multispectral imaging

Like all types of earth observation imagery, multispectral and hyperspectral imagery each have their ideal use. If a project requires a high spectral resolution to differentiate between minute features, hyperspectral imagery is a good option. Additionally, hyperspectral data could be fit for a project if the user has adequate resources to store and process the large data set.

As explained above, focal length is a very important figure, but when choosing a lens you also need to be mindful of the sensor size on your camera body. With digital SLR cameras, light reaching the image sensor is stored as an electrical charge, and an image is created based on the color information obtained through the color filter. These image sensors come in mainly two types: 35mm full-frame, and APS-C. The size of a 35mm full-frame sensor is 36mm x 24mm. The larger the sensor size allows a wider area to be captured with greater sensitivity and its rich gradation. On the other hand, the size of an APS-C sensor is a step smaller at 23.5mm x 15.6mm* and captures narrower area. *APS-C image sensor sizes vary by camera. Therefore, you will need a lens that is compatible with the sensor size of the camera body. Camera lenses have a specific sensor size that they are compatible with, so choose a lens that is compatible with the camera you have. When APS-C camera is used, you will need to do some calculation to figure out the real coverage. The angle of view of each focal length depends on the sensor size. Generally, focal lengths and angles of view are based on 35mm full-frame size, so when selecting an APS-C compatible lens, it is easier to understand the angle of view when converted to full-frame size. Such conversion is known as '35mm equivalent'. In general, the focal length of APS-C lenses can be converted to the focal length of lenses for full-frame cameras by multiplying the focal length by 1.5 (for Sony, Nikon and 1.6 for Canon). The relationship between angle of view and focal length can be mapped as shown in the table below, which you can use as a reference when selecting a lens for APS-C.

Spectral technology has advanced many different industries from medicine to space. Spectroscopy measures the absorption, reflectance, emission, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation. Earth observation technologies have allowed us to capture spectral data just as it is in a lab, but at a much larger scale. Multispectral and hyperspectral satellite imagery uses spectroscopy to provide data of the chemical and physical properties of the earth’s surface. Both tools are beneficial for identifying and addressing abnormalities that were previously invisible to the naked eye.

Multispectralandhyperspectral imaging

The detailed data of hyperspectral imagery has been an informative tool in vegetation analysis and precision farming. For example, hyperspectral imaging has been used to assess the nutrient distribution and photosynthetic efficiency of wheat to identify early stages of crown rot disease. Crown rot is a fungal disease that impacts wheat crops around the world. The biggest challenge associated with existing screening procedures is that there are no visible symptoms during early growth stages. However, the spectral signatures of plants affected by the disease differ from healthy plants. Hyperspectral imagery serves as a non-invasive screening method to detect the disease at early stages based on water and nutrient distribution. This information can then be used to inform essential agriculture decisions.

Multispectral imagingskin

Another characteristic of focal length is depth of field. Depth of field refers to the range in which the image looks it is in focus, and a deep depth of field means that the image looks in focus through wide range, such as from a subject to background. And if the depth of field is shallow, only the area around the subject will be in focus and the background will have a smooth bokeh. The shorter the focal length of the lens and the larger the aperture (F-number), the deeper the depth of field. This is why wide-angle lenses are suitable for landscape photography, as the short focal length increases the depth of field and allows the photographer to capture details in the background clearly. On the other hand, as telephoto lenses have a long focal length and shallow depth of field, the bokeh in the background of a subject is more pronounced. By utilizing these bokeh effects, you can capture portraits and other images where the subject stands out against the background.

Telephoto zoom lenses enable photographers bring the subject closer, making them ideal for events such as sports events, as well as for birding and wildlife. They are also useful in natural landscapes photographed in conjunction with trekking, hiking and mountaineering.They are also recommended for impressive portrait photography with naturally blurred backgrounds and compression effects.

The 17-28mm F/2.8 Di III RXD (Model A046) achieves a filter diameter of ø67mm, which is surprising for a large aperture ultra wide-angle zoom lens for full-frame cameras. It’s small and light weight with a good camera balance. It's a dedicated lens for mirrorless interchangeable -lens cameras that can be carried easily and can be used in various situations.

Generally, on a camera lens there is an indication of focal length. For a product name such as “28-75mm F/2.8, ” this “xx mm” indicates the focal length. There are two types of lenses: prime lenses which have a single focal length, and zoom lenses that have a variable focal length. If the focal length is described with a range, such as “xx-xx mm,” it is a zoom lens. For a prime lens, only a single figure is indicated, such as “xx mm.” Example of a zoom lens: 28-75mm F/2.8 Di III VXD G2 (Model A063)Example of a prime lens: 20mm F/2.8 Di III OSD M1:2 (Model F050)

Here is some basic knowledge about focal length with interchangeable lenses that you will need to know when shooting with an SLR or mirrorless SLR camera. When shooting with an interchangeable lens camera, you can take beautiful and impressive photos by working with the angle of view, focus point and degree of bokeh. Particularly when choosing a lens, it is important to understand the characteristics of focal length as the angle of view changes depending on focal length. Let’s learn the basic knowledge and make use of it to take the photos as you imagine.

When light enters a lens, the point where the light gathers is called the focal point. While light travels in a straight ray, when it passes through a lens it refracts and is concentrated at a single point so called focal point. When a light passes through a lens and at this focal point it forms an image, when an image sensor is placed at this position, the image can be captured. A focal length is a distance from the center of the lens (principal point) to the image sensor, and this is an important value that characterizes a lens.

hyperspectralvs.multispectralremote sensing ppt

Hyperspectral imagery captures a range of visible light as well as near-infrared and infrared with 100 or more continuous bands. This higher number of bands results in a more specific data set, consisting of a stack of images, with each individual image corresponding to one spectral band. The higher spectral resolution of hyperspectral imagery allows for the unique spectral signatures of even the most minute differences in features to be captured and detected. The electromagnetic spectrum interacts with features on the Earth’s surface in unique ways based on the physical and chemical properties. These distinct interactions give each material or organism its own spectral signature. There is an existing understanding of the spectral signatures for many minerals, plants and animal species, providing a strong starting point when evaluating hyperspectral data for signatures of interest.

The important point about focal length is that the angle of view changes with its actual number. The angle of view is the angle of area captured by the camera through the lens, and the larger the angel of view, the wider the area is captured. Lens types can be roughly divided into three categories: wide-angle, standard, and telephoto. A standard lens can capture images at an angle of view close to that of the human field of view. Generally, lenses with a wider angle of view are called wide-angle lenses, and lenses with a narrower angle of view are called telephoto lenses. As a general rule of thumb for focal lengths, focal length smaller than 35mm are generally classified into wide-angle lens, lenses around 50mm are called standard lens, and lenses larger than 80mm are telephoto lens. Check out the differences in impression and composition caused by changing the angle of view. Here is an example of a portrait taken with the TAMRON 35-150mm F/2-2.8 Di III VXD (Model A058) at a different focal length. At the wide-angle end (35 mm), the beautiful impression of the figure standing stands out with the background. At the telephoto end (150 mm), on the other hand, the expression on the person's face is compelling and the background bokeh accentuates this image. In this way, by changing the focal length of a zoom lens, various angles of view can be created, and different impressions can be captured.

Satellite imagery has benefited the mining industry for many years as a tool to effectively monitor all stages of the mine lifecycle. Hyperspectral can be included in these processes as an invaluable tool to detect mineral deposits in prospective sites or address problems during the reclamation process at early stages. Targeting the unique spectral signatures of minerals and compounds reveals concentrations of minerals of interest that can be mapped and measured. The ability to capture spectral data for large areas of interest using satellites is a valuable tool in mineral exploration and mine monitoring, while also reducing labour costs and improving safety.

Here are TAMRON's recommended lenses by lens type. TAMRON zoom lenses cover a wide range of focal lengths with a single lens yet are of a size that makes them easy to carry. On top of this, they are characterized by their high descriptive performance and close-up shooting ability. We hope you will find the lens that suits you best.

RGBvs multispectral vs hyperspectral

On the other hand, if it is possible to get the desired information from a lower spectral resolution, multispectral could be a valid option. This data type is also more beneficial to users that may have tighter budget, storage limitations, and expertise constraints, as multispectral imagery is cheaper and easier to manage and use.

The 50-400mm F/4.5-6.3 Di III VC VXD (Model A067) is an ultra-telephoto zoom lens with an 8x zoom starting at 50mm at the wide-angle end and compatible with full-frame mirrorless cameras. The lens delivers uncompromised high image quality over the entire 50-400mm focal length range, yet is as compact and lightweight as a 100-400mm class lens. Equipped with the VXD mechanism and the VC mechanism, the lens can quickly focus on the subject's movement when shooting sports and wild birds. The 50-400mm F4.5-6.3 VC is a new ultra-telephoto zoom lens that combines unparalleled image quality and mobility.

The 20-40mm F/2.8 Di III VXD (Model A062) is a new large-aperture standard zoom lens that thoroughly pursues portability. While covering the range from the ultra-wide angle of 20mm to the standard range of 40mm, it is the smallest and lightest in its class. It also offers high image quality throughout the entire zoom range, making it useful not only for still image shooting but also for video recording such as vlogging. The VXD, which is quiet and agile, achieves high-speed, high-precision autofocusing. It is a new, unprecedented large-aperture standard zoom lens that allows users to easily enjoy taking out and shooting both still and video.

One of the most obvious differences between multispectral and hyperspectral is the number of bands. Multispectral imagery can capture up to 20 bands, whereas hyperspectral can capture hundreds. As a result, the bandwidths of hyperspectral images tend to be narrower than those of multispectral images, resulting in a higher spectral resolution.

The 150-500mm F/5-6.7 Di III VC VXD (Model A057) is compact enough to be handheld while maintaining a focal length of 500mm on the telephoto end. It allows users to easily enjoy the world of the 500mm ultra-telephoto lens while maintaining its high image quality. The high-speed, high-precision AF with excellent tracking performance and the VC mechanism support handheld shooting in the ultra-telephoto range.

Spectral imaging captures data based on the unique way that electromagnetic (EM) radiation is absorbed, reflected, emitted, and scattered by materials and elements. The EM spectrum consists of a range of wavelengths, with the shortest being gamma waves and radio waves the longest. Near the middle of the spectrum is a small section that is visible light, also known as the colour wavelengths that we can see with our eyes. The full EM spectrum contains a host of valuable information beyond what the naked eye can see. Spectral imaging helps to visualise this “invisible” information by capturing bands, or sections of the EM spectrum. The bands used depend on the type of information you want to see.