Production of customized single surface MOEs is based on a combination of high expertise, and proven, validated, and reliable methodology. NILT is an established company with more than 1,500 purchase orders of experience. In addition, we have made customized prototypes for many years.

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The Exploratorium demonstrates how to view a planet in transit or an eclipse safely by projecting the image with binoculars: http://www.exploratorium.edu/transit/how.html. There are commercially available projection telescopes as well.

Depending on the application, NILT’s meta optical elements are comprised of arrays of pillars to sub-100 nm diameters with vertical sidewalls. Instead of the curved surface of a traditional lens element, MOEs are entirely flat but effectively create the same result. They bend and redirect the light, using a single MOE in place of several lenses stacked on top of each other.

Traditionally, lenses are made with multiple bulky refractive lenses or lens elements stacked on top of each other. Though they produce high-quality images, their downside is their large size and weight. Luckily, the size and complexity of lens systems can be reduced through flat optics that are based on pioneering meta optical elements (MOEs).

High efficiency makes MOEs ideal for sensing and machine vision applications that target consumer electronics, industrial, IoT, medical, and automotive markets. These innovative markets will greatly benefit from MOE optical solutions, as market requirements call for precision, excellent performance, and lightweight, compact designs.

The only safe way to look directly at the uneclipsed or partially eclipsed sun is through special-purpose solar filters, such as “eclipse glasses” (example shown at left) or hand-held solar viewers. Homemade filters or ordinary sunglasses, even very dark ones, are not safe for looking at the sun; they transmit thousands of times too much sunlight. Refer to the American Astronomical Society (AAS) Reputable Vendors of Solar Filters & Viewers page for a list of manufacturers and authorized dealers of eclipse glasses and handheld solar viewers verified to be compliant with the ISO 12312-2 international safety standard for such products.

MOEs have enormous potential. They can advance numerous applications, such as simplified Time-of-Flight (ToF) systems, with high relative illumination and ultra-compact NIR cameras used for eye-tracking and driver monitoring.

SUPERIOR IMAGING: MOE lenses have significantly better imaging quality with a wide field of view, low F-number, high MTF, and high relative illumination, all at a low total track length.

Comparing lenses allows us to highlight the underlying differences in physical mechanisms for imparting phase delays. A DOE lens is typically made by multi-layer etching to form a digitized version of the sawtooth Fresnel lens. In the metalens, varying the nanopillars’ diameter is a common way of imparting the phase delay. Each nanopillar can be treated as a truncated waveguide; the smaller the diameter, the more the electric field leaks into the air, lowering its effective index.

Looking directly at the sun is unsafe except during the brief total phase of a solar eclipse (“totality”), when the moon entirely blocks the sun’s bright face, which will happen only within the narrow path of totality.

MOEs from NILT are ready to be delivered and mass-produced to customers’ specifications. A design can be generated and made into a prototype in only two weeks. MOEs can be designed with complex phase functions and multi-MOE stacked components can be designed to meet required specifications. The MOE itself is made in silicon on a glass substrate, making it strong, rigid, reliable, and thermally stable. It can be customized for wavelengths in NIR and SWIR bands.

Extensive experience in EBL and NIL, combined with sophisticated optical design methods and advanced in-house optical characterization allowed NIL Technology to recently introduce a single surface metalens. This metalens is groundbreaking in its form, performance, compactness, and efficiency.

A demonstration of the capabilities of NILT MOEs is a 940 nm near-infrared (NIR) wavelength imaging lens with a single metasurface, used for 3D sensing and face recognition in smartphones and driver-monitoring in automobiles.

Whereas most of the work in MOEs in the last 20 years has been concentrated in academia, NILT is now ready to commercialize MOE technology.

Jun 25, 2022 — Refractor telescopes use achromatic or apochromatic lenses to mitigate chromatic and spherical aberration. These lenses help reduce aberrations ...

The fabrication of an NIL master using EBL secures high design freedom and low-cost prototyping. It provides a significantly quicker turnaround time than Deep UV Lithography (DUV), which requires the fabrication of a new mask when a design parameter is changed.

May 14, 2022 — The answer to this is a resounding no. There is no UV light emitted from your smart phones, office lights, computers and tablets so if you are ...

This document does not constitute medical advice. Readers with questions should contact a qualified eye-care professional.

This contrasts with MOEs, where the phase shift is induced via the response of nanoantennas. Nanoantennas are binary subwavelength structures with varying geometry built on the surface of the substrate material. This further reduces the thickness of the element. The principle of an MOE is still diffractive, but the optical parameters are mainly controlled by geometric parameters rather than the material composition of the nanostructures.

Single meta optics lenses, fabricated on silicon wafers, have the potential to replace the several refractive lenses currently used in today’s mobile devices, eliminating the so-called “smartphone camera bump.”

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COMPACTNESS: MOEs are flatter, thinner, and lighter than refractive lenses, having a lens simplicity not demonstrated before.

The benefits of MOEs are many. For example, MOEs reduce the number of elements in the optics system, are easier to assemble, and provide increased functionality.

Meta optical elements — also known as metasurfaces — are artificially engineered subwavelength-spaced arrays of nanophotonic phase-shifting elements that can be programmed to manipulate wavefront and polarization.

Meta Optical Elements (MOE), are groundbreaking in their form, performance, compactness, and efficiency, compared to traditional refractive lenses.

Although most lens systems today are based on refractive optics, MOEs are not the first generation of optical system miniaturization. For many years, flat optics have been developed using diffractive optics technology. Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are created by structuring the surface of transparent materials to produce wavelength-scale height variations. The contour map of spatially varying heights results in spatially varying phase shifts that shape the wavefront as light propagates through the element. The phase-inducing mechanism remains similar to a refractive lens, which is based on the length of the ray path inside the lens material. In this way, the thickness of the optical element is reduced to ~1 μm (comparable to the wavelength) with the expense of a higher sensitivity to wavelength variation (in optical lingo, this is called “chromatic aberration”).

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Besides eye protection during solar eclipse viewing, one needs to pay attention to their personal needs and surrounding. Below are some additional safety tips for eclipse observers before, during and after the August 21, 2017 solar eclipse.

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NILT has more than 15 years of experience in high precision nanostructuring and is applying this expertise to realize fast prototyping and mass MOE production. The entire process of MOE production, from design, prototyping, manufacturing, and assembling is done internally.

However, combined with Nano-Imprint Lithography (NIL), EBL provides the possibility of fabricating high-quality, low-cost MOEs in batch sizes suitable for mass production. This is obtained by using mechanical deformation of imprint resist to create copies of the initial E-beam written master.

We offer a variety of superhard coatings that can greately benefit every manufacturing facility, manufacturer of tools or an end user. We also keep in mind that ...

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Aug 23, 2022 — Magnification by Spherical Lenses is a measure of how large or small in size the image of an object is, compared to that of the object.

A complete NIR camera module is built using a 940 nm single meta optical element and an NIR sensor. Both demonstrator and customer-specific metalenses are currently being prototyped, shipped, and made ready for mass production.

Note: If your eclipse glasses or viewers are compliant with the ISO 12312-2 safety standard, you may look at the uneclipsed or partially eclipsed Sun through them for as long as you wish. Furthermore, if the filters aren't scratched, punctured, or torn, you may reuse them indefinitely. Some glasses/viewers are printed with warnings stating that you shouldn't look through them for more than 3 minutes at a time and that you should discard them if they are more than 3 years old. Such warnings are outdated and do not apply to eclipse viewers compliant with the ISO 12312-2 standard adopted in 2015. To make sure you get (or got) your eclipse glasses/viewers from a supplier of ISO-compliant products, see the American Astronomical Society (AAS) Reputable Vendors of Solar Filters & Viewers page.

They allow you to rethink how you define your optical system and hold the promise of the perfect lens — perfect in the sense that they offer significantly more than the (refractive) lenses we have today. Previously, low efficiency has been the main barrier to manufactured meta optics. With the introduction of this new technology, the barrier has finally been removed. In late 2021, NILT designed, built, and characterized multiple meta optical element (MOE) lenses with 94% absolute efficiency.

This opens new degrees of design freedom to allow unprecedented control over the phase, amplitude, polarization, and wavelength. This results in single-surface optical elements that would otherwise require multiple optical components, or — especially in polarization optics — require components that do not have a counterpart in conventional optics.

The next higher class, IIIb ranges from 5 to 500 mW. You can also legally purchase this class of laser in the United States. But there are restrictions on it's ...

Eclipse glasses are inexpensive filters in cardboard frames made especially for eclipse viewing. You can purchase them online, and usually at science ...

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Because of the sub-wavelength lateral size of nanostructures, most meta-surfaces demonstrated by academic institutions are fabricated with E-beam lithography (EBL). EBL is a high-resolution, high-fidelity technology that is ill-suited as a standalone technology for commercial purposes due to the time-consuming rasterization of the electron-beam.

Pinhole and Related Projection Methods - Pinhole projectors and other projection techniques are a safe, indirect viewing technique for observing an image of the sun. These provide a popular way for viewing solar eclipses. One viewing technique is to project an image of the sun onto a white surface with a projecting telescope. This is explained further here: http://www.astrosociety.org/education/publications/tnl/05/stars2.html

Jan 4, 2022 — The tech in the video used a spray on lube for the o-rings. Did some research, and discovered Parker O-Ring Lubricant. Bought two bottles on ...

Confocal microscopy minimizes the amount of background fluorescence collected from the out-of-focus region of a sample by forcing emissions from fluorophores ...

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Optical technology predates Archimedes by more than two thousand years. In ancient Egypt, early refractive lenses were used for artistic purposes. Though centuries have passed, comparable technology is still used today for the camera lenses in many products, including smartphones.

- A pendant or keychain magnifier might work best for you. Do you need to magnify a hobby that requires the use of your hands or other tools, such as knitting ...

An eclipse is a rare and striking phenomenon you won't want to miss, but you must carefully follow safety procedures. Don't let the requisite warnings scare you away from witnessing this singular spectacle! You can experience the eclipse safely, but it is vital that you protect your eyes at all times with the proper solar filters. No matter what recommended technique you use, do not stare continuously at the sun. Take breaks and give your eyes a rest! Do not use sunglasses: they don't offer your eyes sufficient protection. The only acceptable glasses are safe viewers designed for looking at the sun and solar eclipses. One excellent resource on how to determine if your viewers are safe can be found here: https://eclipse.aas.org/eye-safety/iso-certification

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This article was written by Theodor Nielsen, CEO and founder, and Michael Juhl, Optical Engineer, NIL Technology. For more information, visit here  .

Please feel free to download maps, posters, fact sheet, safety bulletin and other materials for use in your communities and events. We appreciate it if you credit NASA.

Viewing with Protection - Experts suggests that one widely available filter for safe solar viewing is welders glass of sufficiently high number. The only ones that are safe for direct viewing of the Sun with your eyes are those of Shade 12 or higher. These are much darker than the filters used for most kinds of welding. If you have an old welder's helmet around the house and are thinking of using it to view the Sun, make sure you know the filter's shade number. If it's less than 12 (and it probably is), don't even think about using it to look at the Sun. Many people find the Sun too bright even in a Shade 12 filter, and some find the Sun too dim in a Shade 14 filter — but Shade 13 filters are uncommon and can be hard to find. The AAS Reputable Vendors of Solar Filters & Viewers page doesn't list any suppliers of welder's filters, only suppliers of special-purpose filters made for viewing the Sun.To find out more about eyewear and handheld viewers go to https://eclipse.aas.org/eye-safety/eyewear-viewers.

An alternative method for safe viewing of the partially eclipsed sun is pinhole projection. For example, cross the outstretched, slightly open fingers of one hand over the outstretched, slightly open fingers of the other, creating a waffle pattern. With your back to the sun, look at your hands’ shadow on the ground. The little spaces between your fingers will project a grid of small images on the ground, showing the sun as a crescent during the partial phases of the eclipse. Or just look at the shadow of a leafy tree during the partial eclipse; you'll see the ground dappled with crescent Suns projected by the tiny spaces between the leaves.

Telescopes with Solar Filters – Eclipses are best viewed directly when magnified, which means a telescope with a solar filter or solar telescopes. These will give you a magnified view that will clearly show the progress of an eclipse. Never look through a telescope without a solar filter on the large end of the scope. And never use small solar filters that attach to the eyepiece (as found in some older, cheaper telescopes.) https://eclipse.aas.org/eye-safety/optics-filters

Unfortunately I don't have a SWIR band available, and the highest wavelength I have is NIR. Right now I am observing minor differences ...

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A solar eclipse is one of nature’s grandest spectacles. By following these simple rules, you can safely enjoy the view and be rewarded with memories to last a lifetime. More information: