CM Wilkes · 2016 · 148 — (a) Self-optimized Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and experimental setup. The cascaded MZI device was fabricated in silicon photonic waveguides. It consists ...

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The focal length is the focal length, regardless of whether the lens was designed for a FF or APS-C camera. It's the same 1.6 crop factor. So 16 ...

The meaning of FRESNEL LENS is a lens that has a surface consisting of a concentric series of simple lens sections so that a thin lens with a short focal ...

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The Raman effect describes the inelastic scattering of light at matter, during which energy is exchanged. Chemical data can be easily obtained by interpreting this contact-free and non-destructive spectroscopic technique. Learn more.

Circularly polarized light changes the direction of its polarization ... Another important example is light from a reflection. ... Thus half-wave plates can rotate ...

Bruker Optics offers high resolution, high performance Raman spectrometers and microscopes for analytical and research solutions.

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The µ-Raman benchmark in user-convenience, safety and precision. A result-driven tool for 100% reliable Raman micro chemical analysis.

Spectralon's reflectance is generally >99% over a range from 400 to 1500 nm and >95% from 250 to 2500 nm.,[1] however grades are available with added carbon to achieve various gray levels.[5] The material consists of PTFE powder that has been compressed into solid forms and sintered for stability, with approx. 40% void volume to enhance scattering of light.[6] Surface or subsurface contamination may lower the reflectance at the extreme upper and lower ends of the spectral range. The material is also highly lambertian at wavelengths from 257 nm to 10,600 nm, although reflectivity decreases at wavelengths beyond the near infrared. Spectralon exhibits absorbances at 2800 nm, then absorbs strongly (<20% reflectance) from 5400 to 8000 nm. Although the high diffuse reflectance allows efficient laser pumping, the material has a fairly low damage threshold of 4 joules per square centimeter, limiting its use to lower-powered systems.[7]

The Lambertian reflectance arises from the material's surface and immediate subsurface structure. The porous network of thermoplastic produces multiple reflections in the first few tenths of a millimeter. Spectralon can partially depolarize the light it reflects, but this effect decreases at high incidence angles.[8] Although it is extremely hydrophobic, this open structure readily absorbs non-polar solvents, greases and oils. Impurities are difficult to remove from Spectralon; thus, the material should be kept free from contaminants to maintain its reflectance properties.

Camera with built-in laser sensor, a single sensor is able to solve various detection problems using numerous functions, including tilt correction, ...

Tornado’s HyperFlux™ PRO Plus is a complete Raman spectroscopy system which is readily deployed  in in-line process, manufacturing, and laboratory settings.

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2021129 — Depth of field is not a tangible thing. Depth of field changes depending on the way one takes a photo or shoots a video.

Three grades of Spectralon reflectance material are available: optical grade, laser grade, and space grade. Optical-grade Spectralon has a high reflectance and Lambertian behavior, and is used primarily as a reference standard or target for calibration of spectrophotometers. Laser-grade Spectralon offers the same physical characteristics as optical-grade material, but is a different formulation of resin that gives enhanced performance when used in laser pump cavities. Spectralon is used in a variety of "side pumped" lasers.[7] Space-grade Spectralon combines high reflectance with an extremely lambertian reflectance profile, and is used for terrestrial remote sensing applications.

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The SuperFlux analyzer is the ideal Raman spectrometer for lab-scale applications and for those who require lower spectral resolutions.

The material has a hardness roughly equal to that of high-density polyethylene and is thermally stable to > 350 °C.[1] It is chemically inert to all but the most powerful bases such as sodium amide and organo-sodium or lithium compounds. The material is extremely hydrophobic.[1] Gross contamination of the material or marring of the optical surface can be remedied by sanding under a stream of running water.[citation needed] This surface refinishing both restores the original topography of the surface and returns the material to its original reflectance. Weathering tests on the material show no damage upon exposure to atmospheric UV flux[citation needed]. The material shows no sign of optical or physical degradation after long-term immersion testing in sea water[citation needed].

Spectralon's optical properties make it ideal as a reference surface in remote sensing and spectroscopy. For instance, it is used to obtain leaf reflectance and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) in the laboratory. It can also be applied to obtain vegetation fluorescence using the Fraunhofer lines.[9] Spectralon allows removal of contributions in the emitted light that are directly linked not to the surface (leaf) properties but to geometrical factors.

by V Pozzobon · 2020 · Cited by 38 — Thus measurements of household aluminum foil reflectivity spectra on both bright and matte sides were undergone. These measurements were done ...

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Nov 2, 2021 — In photography, angle of view (AOV) refers to the measurement in degrees of how wide the frame will be from the point of the camera. The angle ...

This characteristic is favorable for the microdisk laser itself to be used as an active near-field probe. A lower contrast image obtained by the use of a ...

5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from a 50VAC or 240VAC ...

Spectralon is a fluoropolymer that has the highest diffuse reflectance of any known material or coating over the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the spectrum.[1] It exhibits highly Lambertian behavior, and can be machined into a wide variety of shapes for the construction of optical components such as calibration targets, integrating spheres, and optical pump cavities for lasers.[1][2][3]