Historical Milestones: The development of lasers is a fascinating journey through scientific discovery. It began with the theoretical work of Albert Einstein in the early 20th century, who proposed the concept of stimulated emission. However, it wasn’t until the mid-20th century that researchers such as Theodore Maiman and Arthur Schawlow, among others, turned these theories into practical devices.

Stimulated Emission: Here’s where the magic of lasers happens. When an excited electron returns to its ground state, it can release its excess energy in the form of a photon. This is called spontaneous emission. However, stimulated emission takes the process a step further.

Focal length is measured in millimeters and it’s the given name of the lens. It’s the distance from the lens to the sensor. So if you’re shooting with an 8 mm lens, that means your sensor is 8 mm away from your lens. A short focal length like this, means a wider field of view. For more on the relationship between focal length and field of view, see below.

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But we can change lenses and get as close to the real thing as possible. Technology has become so advanced, we’re getting closer to the real thing.

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Whether you’re a photographer, videographer, or gamer, getting comfortable with field of view is essential to capture and experience the world around you.

Laser Operation: Lasers operate based on the principles of stimulated emission and the properties of photons. Photons are packets of electromagnetic energy that make up light. In a laser, atoms or molecules are stimulated to emit photons in a highly coordinated manner, producing a concentrated beam of light.

Collimation: Lasers can produce highly collimated beams, meaning the light waves are nearly parallel. This collimation allows the laser beam to travel over long distances without significant divergence.

Directionality: Laser light is highly directional. Unlike conventional light sources, which emit light in various directions, lasers produce tightly focused beams. This directionality is vital in applications such as laser cutting, where precise control of the beam is essential.

Directionality: Laser light is highly directional, meaning it can be focused into a tight beam. This directional quality is exploited in applications like laser cutting and engraving.

Early Uses: Lasers quickly found applications in research, including spectroscopy and interferometry. Their ability to produce coherent light made them invaluable tools for studying atomic and molecular structures.

The Role of the Resonant Cavity: The resonant cavity in a laser plays a crucial role in containing and amplifying the stimulated emissions. It is designed to reflect and recirculate photons within the laser, leading to a highly focused and coherent laser beam.

Mirror Characteristics: The mirrors in a laser are highly reflective and precisely aligned to maintain the laser’s coherence. The resonant cavity enhances the buildup of laser light through multiple passes.

Scientific Research: Lasers are indispensable tools in scientific research. They are used in spectroscopy to study the composition of substances, analyze chemical reactions, and identify molecules. Lasers also find applications in atom trapping for studying quantum phenomena and optical tweezers for manipulating tiny particles.

Nothing will ever be as immersive as our own eyesight. When we look through a camera, each lens gives us a different angle that is always smaller than our field of vision.

Entertainment: The entertainment industry dazzles audiences with laser light shows and displays. Laser projectors create stunning visuals with vibrant colors and precise animations. Concerts, laser light exhibitions, and laser-based art installations offer captivating experiences.

Population Inversion: Achieving stimulated emission requires a condition known as population inversion. In a typical scenario, more electrons occupy lower energy levels, and spontaneous emissions outnumber stimulated emissions. However, laser operation requires more electrons to be in higher energy levels, ready to emit photons through stimulated emission.

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Stimulated Emission: Within the excited medium, an incident photon can stimulate an excited electron to emit a second photon, identical in phase, direction, and wavelength to the incident photon. This is the essence of stimulated emission—the birth of coherent laser light.

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Military and Defense: The military harnesses the power of lasers for various purposes. Laser-guided munitions provide pinpoint accuracy, reducing collateral damage. High-energy lasers are being developed for missile defense systems. Lasers also aid in range finding, target designation, and communication in military operations.

Collimation: Collimation is the process of making light rays parallel. Laser beams are highly collimated, resulting in minimal beam spread. Collimated lasers are used in applications like laser pointers and scientific experiments.

Energy Levels and Excitation: To generate laser light, atoms or molecules in the laser’s active medium are elevated to higher energy levels through an energy source. This excitation process prepares them for stimulated emission.

Laser Pumping: The energy source used to excite the laser’s active medium is known as the “laser pump.” Depending on the type of laser, this can be a flash tube, diode laser, or another laser. The pump provides the energy needed to achieve a population inversion, a condition where there are more excited atoms or molecules than those in the ground state.

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Understanding Laser Basics: Before we dive deeper into the inner workings of lasers, it’s essential to grasp some fundamental concepts that underpin this technology.

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We’ll get into the specifics of FOV, including some examples and how it’s not the same as depth of field. Let’s start by answering the question, “What does FOV mean?”

In photography, the question is not just about “what” you’re seeing in the image, “how much” you're seeing also matters. To understand the amount of image your camera can capture, you need to understand field of view.

As we mentioned above, humans FOV is about 170-180 degrees. Video game consoles’ field of view is typically around 60-70 degrees, which is a third of what you’d see in real life. And a PC sits at about 90 degrees. That makes a huge difference. Games that don’t adjust or allow for an FOV adjustment, really changes the whole game, literally. Many gamers find it very frustrating to play without that option.

The Role of the Resonant Cavity: The resonant cavity, typically consisting of two mirrors facing each other, plays a critical role in laser operation. It serves to reflect and amplify the light, allowing it to build up intensity within the cavity.

Other issues like motion sickness can even come into play, with a really low FOV. Although, I would argue if you’re getting motion sickness from video games, maybe you should get outside a bit.

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In fact, technology like virtual reality uses a ton of camera equipment to give us a full immersive experience. The wider the field of view, the more realistic the experience.

Conclusion: The term “laser” encapsulates the essence of this groundbreaking technology—intense, coherent light that has transformed the way we understand and interact with the world. From its theoretical inception to its diverse applications, the laser is a testament to human ingenuity and scientific exploration.

Intensity: Laser light is intense and can carry a substantial amount of power in a concentrated beam. This high intensity is advantageous in various applications, including laser welding, materials processing, and medical treatments.

Monochromaticity: The term “monochromatic” refers to the single-color nature of laser light. This property is crucial for many applications, such as in precision measurements and medical procedures.

The main issues with VR technology is the balancing act between needing thicker and heavier lenses that demand less focal distance to increase the field of view with lighter headsets and equipment that don’t cause color aberration and distortion quite like the heavier tech does.

Essential Components: At the heart of every laser lies a set of essential components, each playing a pivotal role in generating and amplifying laser light. To make a laser, you need:

Conclusion: These unique properties make laser light a versatile and invaluable tool in numerous fields, from scientific research to industrial processes. Understanding these characteristics is essential for harnessing the full potential of lasers in various applications.

Coherence: One of the defining features of laser light is its coherence. Coherent light consists of waves that have a consistent phase relationship. In practical terms, this means that laser light has a single, well-defined color (wavelength), and all its waves are in step with each other.

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Anyway, a larger field of view makes gaming more natural. If you can barely see your enemy before they get to you, it doesn’t really make for an enjoyable time.

Atoms and Photons: To understand lasers, it’s essential to appreciate the relationship between atoms and photons (particles of light). Atoms consist of a nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, and electrons orbiting around the nucleus in distinct energy levels or shells.

Communications: The world of communication has been revolutionized by lasers. Fiber optic communication systems rely on lasers to transmit data over vast distances with minimal signal loss. The use of lasers in optical fibers has enabled high-speed internet, long-distance phone calls, and high-definition video streaming.

Excitation of Electrons: The energy source, often a flash tube, emits a burst of energy in the form of intense light or electrical discharge. This energy is absorbed by the active medium, causing electrons within its atoms to jump to higher energy levels.

From Lab to Everyday Life: Initially, lasers were confined to laboratory settings, but their applications soon spread to various industries and everyday life.

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Energy Levels: Electrons within atoms exist in specific energy levels. The lowest energy level, often called the ground state, is the most stable. When an atom absorbs energy, typically through collision or absorption of a photon, an electron can jump to a higher energy level.

Laser Revolution: The birth of the laser marked a revolution in technology. It was hailed as “a solution in search of a problem” because its potential applications seemed limitless.

Conclusion: The flash tube and the laser crystal work in harmony to give birth to laser light. The absorption of energy, excitation of electrons, and the cascade of stimulated emissions within the resonant cavity culminate in the creation of a coherent and powerful laser beam.

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Manufacturing: Lasers play a pivotal role in manufacturing processes. Laser cutting and welding have become standard techniques for working with materials like metal, plastic, and wood. Their precision and ability to create intricate designs make them indispensable in industries such as automotive manufacturing, electronics, and aerospace.

Coherence: Coherence is a fundamental feature of laser light. It describes the property of light waves being in phase with each other, meaning their peaks and troughs align. This coherence allows laser light to remain focused over long distances, making it suitable for applications like laser communication and interferometry.

Whether you’re a photographer, a video game designer, a filmmaker, or work with VR, thoroughly understanding field of view or (FOV) is your foundation for success. It’s basic optics, and while you likely can assume what it is, let’s quickly go over it and see its importance in photography and the gaming world. So, what is field of view and why does it matter?

Low Divergence: Divergence refers to the spreading of a light beam as it travels away from its source. Laser beams exhibit low divergence, meaning they stay concentrated over extended distances. This property is valuable in applications like laser ranging and laser weaponry.

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Pumping Mechanisms: Different types of lasers achieve population inversion through various pumping mechanisms. For example, solid-state lasers use optical pumping, while gas lasers rely on electrical discharge. Diode lasers employ direct electrical pumping.

Excitation: The process of an electron moving to a higher energy level is referred to as excitation. This excitation is temporary, as the electron tends to return to its original ground state.

Conclusion: Building a laser involves carefully selecting the active medium, providing the necessary energy through an energy source, and creating a resonant cavity that amplifies and directs the laser light. The choice of components and design parameters determines the laser’s characteristics and applications.

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Temporal Characteristics: Laser light can exhibit ultra-short pulses, making it suitable for applications requiring precise timing, such as laser spectroscopy and laser eye surgery.

In humans, the average field of view is about 170-180 degrees. This is often hard to accomplish through gaming or optical devices. The wider the field of view, the more one can see of that observable world.

In photography, changing the field of view is possible simply by changing the lens. In order to capture more of a scene for instance, a wide angle lens might be used. While decreasing the field of view can be done by using a zoom lens or simply moving the camera, depending on what you’re trying to achieve. The smaller the focal length of the lens, the wider the angle or the wider the field of view. So when you change out lenses with varying focal lengths, your field of view will either widen or narrow.

Mirror Magic: The resonant cavity, consisting of two precisely aligned mirrors, plays a critical role in the laser’s operation. One mirror is fully reflective, while the other allows a portion of the light to pass through. This arrangement traps photons within the cavity, allowing them to bounce back and forth, colliding with excited electrons and triggering more stimulated emissions.

Polarization: Laser light can be polarized, meaning its electromagnetic waves oscillate in a specific direction. This property is exploited in technologies like 3D cinema projection and optical filters.

Amplification and Directionality: As the photons continue to stimulate emissions and multiply, their intensity within the cavity grows. This amplification, combined with the precise alignment of the mirrors, results in a highly collimated and directional laser beam.

Environmental Sensing: Lasers are employed in environmental monitoring and sensing. LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems use lasers to measure distances and create detailed topographical maps. LIDAR is used in applications like autonomous vehicles, forestry management, and atmospheric research.

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Monochromaticity: Laser light is monochromatic, meaning it consists of a single, specific color or wavelength. This property arises from the coherent stimulated emission process. For example, a red laser typically emits light at a wavelength of 633 nanometers, while a green laser emits light at 532 nanometers. Monochromaticity is crucial in applications such as spectroscopy and precision measurements.

Art and Conservation: In the world of art and cultural preservation, lasers are used for restoration and cleaning. Laser ablation can gently remove dirt and contaminants from delicate artworks and historical artifacts without causing damage.

Population Inversion: The key to laser operation lies in achieving a condition called “population inversion”. In a typical state, more electrons occupy lower energy levels than higher ones. However, with energy absorption, a significant number of electrons are elevated to higher energy levels.

Medicine: In the field of medicine, lasers have made significant contributions. Laser surgery, including procedures like LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis), has transformed vision correction. Lasers are used for precise incisions, tissue ablation, and even the removal of tumors. Dental procedures, such as teeth whitening and gum treatments, also benefit from laser technology’s precision.

Energy Absorption: The journey toward laser light begins with the absorption of energy by the laser’s active medium, typically a crystal. When this medium absorbs energy from an external source, electrons within the atoms become “excited”.

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Unlocking the Laser-Atom Connection: The concept of lasers is intimately connected with the behavior of atoms and the phenomenon of stimulated emission.

Einstein’s Insights: This concept was elucidated by Albert Einstein in 1917, who explained that stimulated emission could occur when electrons were in this inverted state. It is this process that leads to the coherent and focused laser light.

Conclusion: The versatility of lasers knows no bounds. From the operating room to the manufacturing floor, from scientific laboratories to the entertainment stage, lasers have left an indelible mark on our modern world. Their precision, power, and unique properties continue to drive innovation and transform industries, promising an even more radiant future.

To go deeper into lens perspective, know the ins and outs of focal length. The next post explores wide-angle lenses, long-focus lenses, standard angle lenses, and creative uses of manipulating focal length. From compressing space to exaggerating movement, keep reading for more.

Characteristics of Laser Light: Laser light is unlike any other form of light. It possesses several distinctive properties that set it apart.

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Emission Process: When an excited atom or molecule undergoes stimulated emission, it releases a photon that has the same energy, phase, and direction as the stimulating photon. This is the core process behind laser light generation.

Stimulated vs. Spontaneous Emission: In stimulated emission, an incident photon of the same wavelength and phase can trigger the excited electron to release its energy in the form of a second photon. Both photons are identical in properties, such as wavelength, direction, and phase. This amplification process is what creates coherent laser light.

Conclusion: Understanding the basics of how lasers operate lays the foundation for exploring their various types, properties, and applications. It’s the intricate dance of photons within the laser’s active medium that gives birth to the intense, coherent, and versatile light that lasers are known for.

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Field of view is the extent of the observable world that is seen at a given time either through someone's eyes, on a display screen, or through the viewfinder on a camera. Field of view (FOV) also describes the angle through which one can see that observable world. It refers to the coverage of an entire area, rather than a fixed focal point.

Laser’s Versatile Applications: Lasers have found their way into countless applications across various industries, pushing the boundaries of what’s possible.

Conclusion: The laser-atom connection is at the heart of laser technology. Understanding how electrons move between energy levels, the principles of stimulated emission, and the role of population inversion helps demystify the process behind the creation of laser light.