Fiber optic lasercutting

Optical fibers are at the heart of everything we do. We embed as many functions as possible directly into the fibers to make systems based on them simpler, cheaper, and more reliable. We base our fiber lasers on our own optical fibers. We offer the SuperK supercontinuum white light laser platform, the Koheras single-frequency fiber laser platform, and the aeroPULSE femtosecond laser platform. Our fiber lasers are inherently robust and reliable and are delivered as fully integrated systems for industrial and scientific applications.

Ultimately, you'll want to weigh the pros and cons of each to determine what’s important to you, but in general, one kind stands out as being the best glass window for a home.

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We develop together with COPL Laval University, mid-infrared fiber lasers which are commercialized by our sister company LumIR Lasers. These fibers laser are, for example, used in medical applications.

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The durability of tempered glass allows it to be suitable for unique window styles (e.g., frameless structures). Unlike opaque glass, tempered glass is transparent, making it an ideal choice for those who want a clean, sparkly look for the windows in their home.

Fiber optic laserfor metal

Yes, the pump and emission transitions are substantially broadened, so that such lasers can work with a substantial range of pump wavelengths and also emit in a wide spectral region. However, narrow linewidth emission is nevertheless possible, not only by amplifying an input from a narrow-band seed laser. For example, you can insert a narrow-band filter into the laser resonator.

GWU offers versatile fiber lasers with single-mode linewidth, highest stability and low noise. They are scalable in power, customizable in wavelength and designed for reliable operation and industrial use. Tailored fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, ASE sources and transport fibers will help to get the best out of your application.

Is this part of why seed lasers are used? To seed just one narrow band of wavelengths so that that band gets amplified predominantly, instead of the wide emission bandwidth that might occur if only spontaneous emissions where the source of the laser (i.e. 70 nm band for Yb)

This is a typical behavior for quasi-three-level laser gain media. The longer the fiber, the more the gain maximum shifts to longer wavelengths because reabsorption of laser radiation at shorter wavelengths becomes more important.

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It can be much better. At least, you can get a focus having the approximate size of the fiber core, which is usually far smaller than the whole fiber diameter. And particularly for large mode area fibers, the focused spot can even be substantially smaller.

Serving North America, RPMC Lasers offer a wide range of fiber lasers including femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond pulsed fiber lasers, and CW fiber laser versions. Our pulsed fiber laser offerings include erbium and ytterbium-doped, Telcordia-grade OEM laser packages, desktop and OEM femtosecond and picosecond fiber lasers, and nanosecond pulsed fiber lasers. Our continuous-wave (CW) fiber lasers are erbium and ytterbium-doped Telcordia grade, single-mode, and offer both a broadband and narrow line width option. The wavelengths on our standard fiber lasers range from 1030 nm to 2050 nm, with other options available through harmonic generation or with an OPA. Standard and custom options available. Let RPMC help you find the right laser today!

Glass is known for being dangerous when it breaks because of the many jagged pieces that have the potential to cause injury. Tempered glass breaks off into small, edgeless pebbles, virtually eliminating the risk of bodily harm.

TOPTICA’s FemtoFiber lasers provide reliable femtosecond / picoseconds pulses based on polarization-maintaining fibers and SAM mode-locking. Different models (1560/780 nm, VIS/NIR tunable output, IR/NIR supercontinuum, short-pulse) cover a wide range of applications, e.g. non-linear microscopy, two-photon polymerization, time-domain Terahertz, attoscience, and as seed lasers.

A better power-handling capability is achieved by collimating the light exiting the fiber with a lens and reflecting it back with a dielectric mirror (Figure 2). The intensities on the mirror are then greatly reduced due to the much larger beam area. However, slight misalignment can cause substantial reflection losses, and the additional Fresnel reflection at the fiber end can introduce filter effects and the like. The latter effects can be suppressed by using angle-cleaved fiber ends, which however introduce polarization-dependent losses.

For designing a fiber laser system, a suitable simulator is essential to have. Only with that, you get complete insight into how it works and how it can be optimized. The RP Fiber Power software is an ideal tool for such work.

Menlo Systems' femtosecond fiber lasers based on Menlo figure 9® patented laser technology are unique in regard to user-friendliness and robustness. We offer solutions for scientific research as well as laser models engineered for OEM integration. From the shortest pulses to highest average power beyond 10 Watts and pulse energy beyond 10 μJ, we have the solution for your application ranging from basic research to industrial applications in spectroscopy, quality control, and material processing.

Whereas the first fiber lasers could deliver only a few milliwatts of output power, there are now high-power fiber lasers with output powers of hundreds of watts, sometimes even several kilowatts from a single fiber. This potential arises from a high surface-to-volume ratio (avoiding excessive heating) and the guiding effect, which avoids thermo-optical problems even under conditions of significant heating.

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Nowadays, high-power fiber lasers are widely used e.g. in laser material processing. Examples of processes are laser welding and laser cutting e.g. on metals, but also with many other industrial materials. Many applications use a fiber laser machine with continuous-wave operation; limitations concerning pulse generation e.g. with Q switching are substantial, so that bulk lasers reach clearly superior performance in such domains.

HÜBNER Photonics offers fiber lasers from the VALO Series. These are unique in their design offering among the shortest femtosecond pulses and highest peak powers which can be obtained from a compact turn-key solution. Pulse durations of <50 fs are achieved using novel fiber laser based technology. The ultrashort pulse durations combined with computer controlled group velocity dispersion pre-compensation, allow users of the VALO lasers to achieve the highest peak power exactly where its needed, which makes the lasers ideal for use in multiphoton imaging, advanced spectroscopy and many other applications.

In addition to choosing the window style that’s best for your home, you may also want to consider the type of window glass you’re installing. There are six options, which all serve different purposes:

Windows are for insulating your home, securing your things, and blocking out debris. However, the purpose of glass windows varies with the kind of glass you are using. For example, obscured glass is known for giving homeowners privacy, but it doesn’t necessarily allow much natural light to come through. Conversely, tempered windows let natural light in but offer fewer design options than obscured (which can come frosted, ribbed, etc.). Each glass category is designed a little differently for consumers who value specific features.

Glass Doctor recognizes the significance of your choice in glass windows for your home, which is why we’re determined to help you make the right one. Whether we’re installing tempered glass or another popular glass type, our goal is always to make your home a safe and comfortable space. To have the glass window of your choice installed, call your local Glass Doctor at (833) 974-0209 or set up an appointment online.

There are some lasers which have a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as the gain medium in a resonator made of fibers. Even though the actual laser process does not occur in a fiber, such fibers are sometimes called fiber lasers. They typically emit relatively small optical powers of a few milliwatts or even less. Sometimes they exploit the very different properties of the semiconductor gain medium, as compared with a rare-earth-doped fiber, in particular the much smaller saturation energy and upper-state lifetime. Rather than only generating coherent light, such lasers can be used for information processing in optical fiber communications systems – for example the wavelength conversion of data channels based on cross-saturation effects.

MPBC's fiber laser product line includes CW visible to near-IR lasers, pulsed fiber lasers (with femto-, pico- and nanosecond pulse durations), and high-power single-frequency fiber lasers.

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If the fiber length in the last case would be reduced to 0.7 m, one might expect a moderate reduction in output power due to incomplete pump absorption. However, a simulation (not shown here) tells that lasing would stop completely, and 94% of the pump power would leave the fiber on the right side. The Yb excitation density of about 50% throughout the fiber would not be sufficient to reach the laser threshold. For a reduced pump wavelength of 940 nm, however, lasing would be possible again – despite the reduced pump absorption cross-section because pump saturation effects would be weaker.

This is an physics-based introduction into the modeling of fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers, as required for efficient research and development. Many aspects of amplifier and laser operation can be simulated, leading to a solid quantitative understanding.

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For these reasons, the operation details of a fiber laser (or fiber laser system) can often not be understood only based on simple analytical calculations. Numerical simulations, carried out with some kind of fiber simulation software, are therefore required for calculating the possible laser performance, analyzing detrimental effects, and optimizing prototype and product designs. Such simulations can address many different technical aspects:

Due to the high laser gain, the details of Q switching a fiber laser are often qualitatively different from those of a bulk laser, and more complicated. One often obtains a temporal sub-structure with multiple sharp spikes, and there is a possibility of producing Q-switched pulses with a duration well below the (typically long) resonator round-trip time.

Based on our active fluoride fibers, we develop fiber modules that are easy to handle and directly integrable in a final commercial laser system.

An extreme form is the distributed-feedback laser (DFB laser), where the whole laser resonator is contained in a fiber Bragg grating with a phase shift in the middle. Here, the resonator is fairly short, which can compromise the output power and linewidth, but single-frequency operation is very stable.

More sophisticated resonator setups are used particularly for mode-locked fiber lasers (ultrafast fiber lasers), generating picosecond or femtosecond pulses. Here, the laser resonator may contain an active modulator or some kind of saturable absorber. An artificial saturable absorber can be constructed using the effect of nonlinear polarization rotation, or a nonlinear fiber loop mirror. A nonlinear loop mirror is used e.g. in a “figure-eight laser”, as shown in Figure 8, where there is a main resonator on the left-hand side and a nonlinear fiber loop, which does the amplification, shaping and stabilization of a circulating ultrashort pulse. Particularly for harmonic mode locking, additional means may be used, such as subcavities acting as optical filters.

The fiber laser concept is most suitable for the realization of upconversion lasers, as these often have to operate on relatively “difficult” laser transitions, requiring high pump intensities. In a fiber laser, such high pump intensities can be easily maintained over a long length, so that the gain efficiency achievable often makes it easy to operate even on low-gain transitions.

As an example for surprising features even of simple fiber lasers, Figure 9 shows the optical powers and excitation densities along the fiber of an Yb-doped single-mode fiber laser. A fiber Bragg grating with 25% peak reflectance at 1030 nm on the right side serves as the output coupler, whereas a highly reflecting Bragg grating is used on the left side. The pump light (at 975 nm) is coupled in through that grating. A nearly linear (rather than exponential) decay of pump power on the left side results from strong pump saturation. The fiber is somewhat over-long, resulting in slight signal reabsorption on the right side. That reabsorption maintains a significant ytterbium excitation despite the vanishing pump power, but causes only a negligible reduction in signal output power. Losses via ASE (not shown here) are also negligible.

Fiber optic lasermachine

In order to form a laser resonator with fibers, one either needs some kind of reflector to form a linear resonator, or one builds a fiber ring laser. Various types of mirrors are used in linear fiber laser resonators:

The SOPRANO-15 is Cycle’s state-of-the art femtosecond fiber lasers, designed to fulfill tasks such as OPO/OPA pumping, semiconductor testing, and materials analysis and processing. The SOPRANO-15 operates at a center wavelength of 1550 nm or 775 nm and pulse duration below 350 fs, establishing benefits in both industrial and scientific environments in 24/7 operation.

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Fiber lasers belong to the solid-state lasers – although solid-state bulk lasers are sometimes actually meant with that term. Although the gain media of fiber lasers are similar to those of solid-state bulk lasers in terms of operation principles and spectroscopic data, the waveguiding effect and the small effective mode area usually lead to substantially different properties of the lasers. For example, they often operate with much higher laser gain and resonator losses. See also the article on fiber lasers versus bulk lasers.

AdValue Photonics produces various kinds of fiber lasers emitting in the wavelength regions around 1 μm, 1.5 μm and 2 μm. Continuous-wave and pulsed devices (with pulse durations in the nanosecond, picosecond or femtosecond regime) are available, partly with high peak power, high pulse energy, high beam quality, and narrow linewidth capabilities.

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Choosing the best glass windows for your home doesn’t have to be discouraging if you know what factors matter most to you.  Check out the chart below to determine which type of window glass best suits your needs:

For commercial products, it is common to use fiber Bragg gratings as end reflectors. These may be made directly in the doped fiber, or alternatively in an undoped fiber which is spliced to the active fiber. Figure 3 shows a distributed Bragg reflector laser (DBR laser) with two fiber gratings, but there are also distributed feedback lasers with a single grating in doped fiber, with a phase shift in the middle.

Fiber lasers can be constructed to operate on a single longitudinal mode (→ single-frequency lasers, single-mode operation) with a very narrow linewidth of a few kilohertz or even below 1 kHz. In order to achieve long-term stable single-frequency operation without excessive requirements concerning temperature stability, one usually has to keep the laser resonator relatively short (e.g. of the order of 5 cm), even though a longer resonator would in principle allow for even lower phase noise and a correspondingly smaller linewidth. The fiber ends have narrow-bandwidth fiber Bragg gratings (→ distributed Bragg reflector lasers, DBR fiber lasers), selecting a single resonator mode. Typical output powers are a few milliwatts to some tens of milliwatts, although single-frequency fiber lasers with up to roughly 1 W output power have also been demonstrated.

The probably most popular upconversion fiber lasers are based on thulium-doped fibers for blue light generation (Figure 6), praseodymium-doped lasers (possibly with ytterbium codoping) for red, orange, green or blue output, and green erbium-doped lasers.

LumIR offers mid-IR fiber lasers, based on fluorine glass fibers, with up to 10 W output power and emission wavelength between 2.79 μm and 3.3 μm. They are ideal for medical, material processing and sensing applications.

Triple glazing is not always necessary but can be useful for extra insulation in harsh temperatures and noisy environments. Double glazing may be a better choice if you want to feel isolated, but with some sound and temperature from the outside world.

Fiber lasers are a special form of solid-state lasers, often having attractive features such as high output power in combination with high beam quality. They are usually considered to be lasers with an active optical fiber as laser gain medium. In most cases, that fiber gain medium is a fiber doped with rare earth ions such as erbium (Er3+), neodymium (Nd3+), ytterbium (Yb3+), thulium (Tm3+), or praseodymium (Pr3+).

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This encyclopedia is authored by Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta, the founder and executive of RP Photonics AG. How about a tailored training course from this distinguished expert at your location? Contact RP Photonics to find out how his technical consulting services (e.g. product designs, problem solving, independent evaluations, training) and software could become very valuable for your business!

The article on fiber lasers versus bulk lasers compares the strengths and weaknesses of fiber and bulk lasers. See also the article on power scaling of lasers, containing thoughts on high-power fiber devices.

Bestfiber optic laser

With various methods of active or passive Q switching, fiber lasers can be used for generating pulses with durations which are typically between tens and hundreds of nanoseconds (see e.g. Fig. 7). The pulse energy achievable with large mode area fibers can be several millijoules, in extreme cases tens of millijoules, and is essentially limited by the saturation energy (even for large mode area fibers) and by the damage threshold (the latter particularly for shorter pulses). All-fiber setups (not containing any free-space optics) are quite limited in terms of the achievable pulse energy, as they can normally not be realized with large mode area fibers and effective Q switches.

MPBC’s fiber laser product line has grown out of its highly reliable telecom Raman fiber lasers, which have been deployed for 25+ years in telecom fiber optic systems. Exceptional performance is achieved based on an all-fiber architecture, which draws on MPBC’s telecom design practices. The all-fiber laser design eliminates the need for alignment, as no bulk components are used. It provides unprecedented wavelength and output power stability and ensures a diffraction-limited linearly polarized output.

Also note that fiber lasers are in many cases substantially more difficult to design than bulk lasers. This results from very different reasons, including strong saturation effects caused by the high optical intensities, the quasi-three-level behavior of nearly all fiber laser transitions, and the complicated pulse formation mechanisms in mode-locked fiber lasers. As a result, the laser development project can be more costly.

TOPTICA offers several products fulfilling these requirements: ultrafast fiber lasers based on Erbium (Er) and Ytterbium (Yb) like the FemtoFiber smart, FemtoFiber ultra and FemtoFiber dichro series.

Definition: lasers with a doped fiber as gain medium, or (sometimes) just lasers where most of the laser resonator is made of fibers

The most common active fibers are silica fibers, based on somewhat modified fused silica glass. However, silica is generally not suitable for upconversion fiber lasers because the upconversion scheme requires relatively long lifetimes of intermediate electronic levels, and such lifetimes are often very small in silica fibers due to the relatively large phonon energy of silica glass (→ multi-phonon transitions). Therefore, one mostly uses certain heavy-metal fluoride fibers such as ZBLAN (a fluorozirconate) with low phonon energies.

AFS’s customized kW average power and multi-mJ pulse energy ultrafast laser systems are based on AFS leading-edge fiber technology. They unite multiple main-amplifier channels using coherent combination, a technology which AFS has matured to an industrial grade. All essential parameters are software-controlled and can be tuned over a wide range, making them an extremely valuable tool for numerous application.

Usually, one or several fiber-coupled laser diodes are used for pumping a fiber laser. Therefore, most fiber lasers are diode-pumped lasers.

CNI offers various types of fiber lasers: picosecond fiber lasers, nanosecond fiber lasers, single-frequency fiber lasers and CW fiber lasers. Output wavelengths can be from the ultraviolet region to the infrared.

Lumibird manufactures an extensive range of mature and custom-designed optical fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers. High output powers are achieved through the use of double cladding fibers pumped by broad stripe diodes. Several varieties of pumping techniques are used each optimized for specific applications. Lumibird also develops key components for producing unique and innovative light sources.

Figure 10 shows the same for a modified output coupler grating, so that lasing occurs at 1080 nm. The lower emission cross-sections at 1080 nm lead to a higher degree of Yb excitation and thus to weaker pump absorption. This demonstrates that the required fiber length depends not only on the absorption characteristics at the pump wavelength, but also on the details for the signal, such as the signal wavelength and the resonator losses.

Note that the intracavity signal power can be higher than the pump power; only part of that power can be coupled out. The simulation has been done with the software RP Fiber Power.

Typically, homeowners choose tempered glass over all others because it is essentially a combination of the other glass varieties. Check out some detailed reasons you may want to consider tempered glass for your home:

Concerning your comment that fiber lasers have a “large gain bandwidth due to strongly broadened laser transitions” in glass:

The SOPRANO-15 mini is designed to carry out tasks such as multiphoton microscopy, spectroscopy, semiconductor testing, and materials analysis. In addition to its dependable 24/7 operation, the SOPRANO-15 mini operates at a center wavelength of 1550 nm and typical pulse duration below 130 fs, establishing benefits in both industrial and scientific environments.

For my fiber ring laser with any gain medium like Yb, Er, Th, as the gain fiber length decreases the center emission shifts to shorter wavelengths at steady state condition. Why is it so? The ring laser doesn't have any wavelength filter like an FBG or other bandpass filter.

Fiber laserworking principle

Strictly speaking, many high performance fiber lasers are actually fiber laser systems, containing essential additional components such as a fiber amplifier, or means for beam combining.

What is the minimum focused spot diameter for a fiber laser beam – is that determined by the fiber diameter? Or could we achieve a smaller focused spot diameter after the fiber?

The terms “double-glazed” and “double pane” are usually used interchangeably to refer to the number of glass sheets (or panes) used in the window. Whereas a double uses two panes, a triple uses three. There's usually a type of gas or resin between each layer of glass to encourage bonding and durability.

O/E Land’s high-power continuous-wave fiber laser sources are available in a wide spectral range from 1 to ~3 μm. Based on our advanced optical technologies, they feature stable single-mode operation output up to 50 W optical power. They can be used in various applications including, but not limited to, medical, spectroscopy, sensing and R&D. We also offer narrow-linewidth lasers and Raman lasers.

It doesn’t take much to break “normal” glass. Tempered glass is a different story, as it is nearly four times stronger than typical glazing. It’s also scratch resistant, so it keeps its fresh appearance longer.

A special type of fiber lasers are fiber Raman lasers, relying on Raman gain associated with the fiber nonlinearity. Such lasers usually use relatively long fibers, sometimes of a type with increased nonlinearity, and typical pump powers of the order of 1 W. With several nested pairs of fiber Bragg gratings, the Raman conversion can be done in several steps, bridging hundreds of nanometers between the pump and output wavelength. Raman fiber lasers can e.g. be pumped in the 1-μm region and generate 1.4-μm light as required for pumping 1.5-μm erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.

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Is it correct to interpret this as meaning that because the different energy levels are fuzzy/widened, many different energy transitions can be supported, both on the way up (broad pump bandwidth), and on the way “down” (wide possible emission bandwidth, e.g. 1030–1100 nm emission range for Yb)?

Many technical aspects in fiber lasers are significantly more complicated than in bulk lasers. Reasons for that are manifold:

Most fiber lasers are pumped with one or several fiber-coupled diode lasers. The pump light may be coupled directly into the core, or in high-power into a larger pump cladding (→ double-clad fibers), as discussed below in more detail.

While other glass types offer some sound insulation, tempered glass has the versatility to encompass this and many attributes important to making a home comfortable, energy-efficient, and safe.

Some lasers with a semiconductor gain medium (a semiconductor optical amplifier) and a fiber resonator have also been called fiber lasers (or semiconductor fiber lasers). Also, devices containing some kind of laser (e.g., a fiber-coupled laser diodes) and a fiber amplifier are often called fiber lasers (or fiber laser systems), although that could be considered as somewhat misleading.

Thorlabs manufactures a growing line of femtosecond fiber lasers and amplifiers. Stand-alone systems are available at 2 µm, 1550 nm, and 1030 nm. These systems compliment our full line of ultrafast lasers and specialized optics and fiber optics, including chirped mirrors, low GDD mirrors/beamsplitters, highly nonlinear fiber, and dispersion compensating fiber.

AeroDIODE offers several tools to build a fiber laser efficiently and rapidly. Our fiber laser diode driver integrates two laser diode drivers, 6 photodiode electronics, a pulse picker synchronization tool and many other dedicated functionalities for nearly any type of fiber laser architecture. It allows to develop a complete fiber laser prototype in only a few weeks. There is one “pulsed & CW” channel for seed laser diode emitting at wavelength like 1064 nm laser diodes and one “CW” channel for a pump laser diode at 976 nm. It is connected to other drivers in our range like our air cooled high power laser diode driver for >10–200 W pump laser diodes or our pulse delay generator. It is compatible with any type of fiber laser architectures: mode-locked, Q-switched, MOPA with any type of seeder like EOM modulated diodes, gain-switched diodes, microchip lasers etc.

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At FYLA we develop ultrafast fiber lasers with pulse durations in the range of picoseconds and femtoseconds. Our lasers are used in a lot of applications, from microscopy (single-molecule fluorescence, OCT, FRET, TIRF, etc.) up to optical characterization, providing a greater level of robustness, higher lifetimes, and a cost-effective solution.

Tempered glass is often the best option for home windows due to its strength and energy efficiency. You save money on energy bills and get a sturdy glass that doesn't break into jagged pieces even when tremendous force is applied.