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We have specified an electrode region with three electrodes, all with zero voltage, positioned slightly off the symmetry axis of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

Emerging as a de facto standard over the last decade, OptiGrating has delivered powerful and user friendly design software for modeling integrated and fiber optic devices that incorporate optical gratings.

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OptiBPM is a comprehensive CAD environment used for the design of complex optical waveguides. Perform guiding, coupling, switching, splitting, multiplexing, and demultiplexing of optical signals in photonic devices.

Electrode 1 Width 50 Voltage 0.0 Electrode 2 Width 26 Voltage 0.0 Electrode 3 Width 50 Voltage 0.0 Gap 1-2 6.0 Gap 2-3 6.0 Electrode 2

OptiSystem is a comprehensive software design suite that enables users to plan, test, and simulate optical links in the transmission layer of modern optical networks.

MZI COMSOL

OptiSPICE is the first circuit design software for analysis of integrated circuits including interactions of optical and electronic components. It allows for the design and simulation of opto-electronic circuits at the transistor level, from laser drivers to transimpedance amplifiers, optical interconnects and electronic equalizers.

Flat-top, ultra-narrow bandpass filters are specifically designed to have extremely steep edges and high transmission throughout the entire passband. This square spectral shape is able to be achieved for bandwidths as narrow as 0.1 nm. Flat-top narrowband filters are ideal for LIDAR, Raman spectroscopy, and other applications that require the use of precision laser transmitting filters or laser cleanup filters.

In this example, we want to build electrodes on the top of a buffer layer. The properties of the buffer layer can be defined under the Electrode tab (see Figure 9). As we did not define a buffer material when we began the lesson, we have to do so now.

To build the top waveguides by using the mirror options, perform the following procedure steps for each waveguide in the layout.

OptiFDTD is a powerful, highly integrated, and user friendly CAD environment that enables the design and simulation of advanced passive and non-linear photonic components.

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Note: You can also first generate a template script by selecting Simulation > Generate Scanning Script and then edit it as shown above.

OptiInstrument addresses the needs of researchers, scientists, photonic engineers, professors and students who are working with instruments.

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In the Electrode Region dialog box, you can edit the start and end position of the region (Z Position tab), change the reference refractive index and propagation step in the region (Calculation tab), change material properties of the cladding, substrate, and substrate layers (Substrate tab). The Electrode tab allows you to define the electrodes on the substrate. The electrode region in this lesson starts at 11500μm and ends at 21500μm.

Depending on the wavelength ranges and requirements of your system, Alluxa narrowband interference filters can be custom designed to meet one or more of the following challenging specifications:

You can perform more detailed investigations of the electro-optic switch using scripting language. For example, we can scan the voltage on the central electrode and observe the overlap integral of the output ports with the waveguide mode.

With the narrowest bandwidths and highest transmission in the industry, Alluxaâs thin-film, ultra-narrow bandpass filters will optimize the performance of laser based systems.

Thickness μm 0.3 Horizontal permittivity 4 Vertical permittivity 4 Material buffer Electrode thickness μm 4

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To change the voltage of the central electrode, in the Electrode Region dialog box, Electrode tab, select the electrode set in the Electrode sets table, and click Edit. Type 6.75 in Electrode 2—Voltage (V).

Modal analysis is a pivotal component of modelling optical structures. OptiMode serves as a robust CAD platform for the design and modal analysis of waveguide structures.

An electro-optic switch is a device used in integrated fibre optics. The device is based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer made by Titanium diffusion in Lithium Niobate substrate. The switching between the ports is achieved by an electro-optic effect within such structure. Voltage, applied to the electrodes deposited on the integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer, creates an electric field distribution within the substrate, which consequently changes its refractive index. If properly designed, the induced change in the refractive index leads to different coupling between individual ports.

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Modal analysis is a pivotal component of modelling optical structures. OptiMode serves as a robust CAD platform for the design and modal analysis of waveguide structures.

Alluxa is an ISO 9001:2015 certified, ITAR registered manufacturer of high-performance optical filters and thin-film coatings.

Tip: to view the whole substrate, it can be useful to change the setting of the Display ratio (Z/X). To do this, select Preferences > Layout Options > Display ratio, and type 200.

We assume that the integrated switch is created on a z-cut wafer of Lithium Niobate and is surrounded by air cladding. The device is oriented along the Y-optical axis of the Lithium Niobate. Therefore, we need to define a diffused material for the substrate and a dielectric material for cladding.

The optimal design of a given optical communication system depends directly on the choice of fiber parameters. OptiFiber uses numerical mode solvers and other models specialized to fibers for calculating dispersion, losses, birefringence, and PMD.

OptiSystem is a comprehensive software design suite that enables users to plan, test, and simulate optical links in the transmission layer of modern optical networks.

OptiInstrument addresses the needs of researchers, scientists, photonic engineers, professors and students who are working with instruments.

Optiwave software can be used in different industries and applications, including Fiber Optic Communication, Sensing, Pharma/Bio, Military & Satcom, Test & Measurement, Fundamental Research, Solar Panels, Components / Devices, etc..

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OptiFDTD is a powerful, highly integrated, and user friendly CAD environment that enables the design and simulation of advanced passive and non-linear photonic components.

Beam splitter

The waveguides of Mach-Zehnder interferometer are created by diffusion of Titanium in Lithium Niobate substrate. We will need only one Ti-diffused profile :

When we run the simple scanning script, we obtain a graph of the optical field overlap versus the number of iterations. It then becomes clear that the electro-optic switch is fully switching the input signal from one output port to another for the second electrode voltage between 6.4 and 7.2V.

Ultra-narrowband filters are ideal for use as laser line, laser cleanup, or laser excitation filters in applications such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and DNA sequencing. They are also highly resistant to laser damage, which ensures that they will maintain a high level of performance for a long period of time.

Alluxa thin-film optical interference filters and dielectric mirrors are all hard-coated using our SIRRUSâ¢ plasma deposition process on equipment that was designed and built by our team. This allows us to reliably and repeatedly produce the same high-performance optical thin films over several different coating runs, which translates to consistent performance across all of your systems.

Run the simulation for zero voltage at the central electrode and for 6.75V at the central electrode. You should observe full switching at 6.75V.