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If you have one tiny and isolated fluorescent object, you can often locate the position of that object to better than your resolution. The image of the object will show up as an extended blob, and you can find the "center of mass" of that blob-shaped image. If the blob is N pixels wide and each pixel is M microns across, you can estimate the center of the blob to about M/N accuracy, which often beats the optical resolution. This is a useful trick, but not solving the same problem as resolution. In some cases you can do various tricks to make the spot size bigger (increase N) so that you can locate the center even better. Various experiments I've heard of have claimed to be able to locate the centers of spots to within 10-30 nm using this sort of method. You may be interested in some software available for identifying particle positions, which implements this center-of-mass method. The magnification is something different altogether. There's a technical definition which compares the apparent angular size of the image, to the actual angular size of the object as it would appear if it were 25 cm away from your eye. This is a somewhat arbitary definition and in my opinion is mainly relevant for devising problems when I teach optics in my introductory physics classes. In real life, one often takes pictures using a CCD camera on a microscope, and projects them on a monitor. Using a larger monitor certainly can magnify the image further. But, it will still be just as blurry or sharp as the resolution. Fortunately, in general higher magnification lenses also have better resolution. In our lab a 10x objective has a resolution of 0.7 microns and a 100x objective has a resolution of 0.2 microns. One other tradeoff to consider: higher magnification lenses look at smaller fields of view, in proportion to their magnification. A 100x objective that sees a field of view of 100 x 100 micron^2 can be contrasted with a 10x objective looking at a 1000 x 1000 micron^2 field of view. So, when worrying about how good a microscope is, the most important question is what the resolution is. And in some science applications (such as my work) you care a lot about how well you can locate the centers of objects, and hopefully you can beat the resolution. Magnification is a much less useful specification (in my opinion). Technical note More technically, a microscope objective's resolution is quantified by the Numerical Aperture. This webpage has great description of this as well as a more in-depth discussion of resolution. I'll note here that the wavelength of light you use makes a difference; shorter wavelengths improve the resolution. Links How a confocal microscope works This explanation was written by Eric Weeks Send me email: weeks@physics.emory.edu. Let me know if you have further questions, or if there are parts of this explanation that are confusing.
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Technical note More technically, a microscope objective's resolution is quantified by the Numerical Aperture. This webpage has great description of this as well as a more in-depth discussion of resolution. I'll note here that the wavelength of light you use makes a difference; shorter wavelengths improve the resolution. Links How a confocal microscope works This explanation was written by Eric Weeks Send me email: weeks@physics.emory.edu. Let me know if you have further questions, or if there are parts of this explanation that are confusing.
The size of the spot is related to your resolution. Resolution is being able to tell the difference between two closely positioned bright objects, and one big object. If two objects are closer together than your resolution, then they blur together in the microscope image and it's impossible to tell that they are two points (except maybe the combined image is twice as bright as one object: but still, you can't measure their separation). The best resolution for an optical microscope is about 0.2 microns = 200 nm. The good news is, there's a difference between resolution and "ability to locate the position". If you have one tiny and isolated fluorescent object, you can often locate the position of that object to better than your resolution. The image of the object will show up as an extended blob, and you can find the "center of mass" of that blob-shaped image. If the blob is N pixels wide and each pixel is M microns across, you can estimate the center of the blob to about M/N accuracy, which often beats the optical resolution. This is a useful trick, but not solving the same problem as resolution. In some cases you can do various tricks to make the spot size bigger (increase N) so that you can locate the center even better. Various experiments I've heard of have claimed to be able to locate the centers of spots to within 10-30 nm using this sort of method. You may be interested in some software available for identifying particle positions, which implements this center-of-mass method. The magnification is something different altogether. There's a technical definition which compares the apparent angular size of the image, to the actual angular size of the object as it would appear if it were 25 cm away from your eye. This is a somewhat arbitary definition and in my opinion is mainly relevant for devising problems when I teach optics in my introductory physics classes. In real life, one often takes pictures using a CCD camera on a microscope, and projects them on a monitor. Using a larger monitor certainly can magnify the image further. But, it will still be just as blurry or sharp as the resolution. Fortunately, in general higher magnification lenses also have better resolution. In our lab a 10x objective has a resolution of 0.7 microns and a 100x objective has a resolution of 0.2 microns. One other tradeoff to consider: higher magnification lenses look at smaller fields of view, in proportion to their magnification. A 100x objective that sees a field of view of 100 x 100 micron^2 can be contrasted with a 10x objective looking at a 1000 x 1000 micron^2 field of view. So, when worrying about how good a microscope is, the most important question is what the resolution is. And in some science applications (such as my work) you care a lot about how well you can locate the centers of objects, and hopefully you can beat the resolution. Magnification is a much less useful specification (in my opinion). Technical note More technically, a microscope objective's resolution is quantified by the Numerical Aperture. This webpage has great description of this as well as a more in-depth discussion of resolution. I'll note here that the wavelength of light you use makes a difference; shorter wavelengths improve the resolution. Links How a confocal microscope works This explanation was written by Eric Weeks Send me email: weeks@physics.emory.edu. Let me know if you have further questions, or if there are parts of this explanation that are confusing.
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So, when worrying about how good a microscope is, the most important question is what the resolution is. And in some science applications (such as my work) you care a lot about how well you can locate the centers of objects, and hopefully you can beat the resolution. Magnification is a much less useful specification (in my opinion). Technical note More technically, a microscope objective's resolution is quantified by the Numerical Aperture. This webpage has great description of this as well as a more in-depth discussion of resolution. I'll note here that the wavelength of light you use makes a difference; shorter wavelengths improve the resolution. Links How a confocal microscope works This explanation was written by Eric Weeks Send me email: weeks@physics.emory.edu. Let me know if you have further questions, or if there are parts of this explanation that are confusing.
Especially, if you are over 40 and your arms aren't as long as they use to be, you may need specially designed glasses to see clearly and comfortably. During your early 40s simple reading glasses will probably work on the computer. As you get older your current reading or standard progressive lenses might not work.
Reading and computer work are often at two different distances, different enough so that simple reading glasses will not keep both distances in focus. Also, traditional progressives have an intermediate area that is too small or low for computer work. You may need a special lens whereby the intermediate area is raised and larger. The best way to determine which lens is actually right for you is have Dr. Schwartz evaluate your specific needs:
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Our eyes are exposed to UV radiation 365 days a year, even on cloudy days. In fact, up to 40% of UV exposure occurs when we aren’t in full sunlight. Since most people are at risk for overexposure to both blue light and UV light on a daily basis, it’s important to talk to Dr. Schwartz about lenses that can protect your eyes from harmful blue light and ultraviolet light.
Blue light is emitted by many electronic devices including cell phones, tablets, and laptop computers. Another source of blue light is energy efficient technology in the form of fluorescent light bulbs and LED lights found in most offices and stores, thus putting your eyes at additional risk if unprotected. It’s also important to protect your eyes against UV both indoor and out.
Blue light is another necessary factor when addressing the need for computer glasses. Dr. Schwartz explains, “Blue light comes from computer screens, televisions, and smartphones, and has been known to cause eyestrain, headaches, and fatigue. Even more alarming, recent studies also point to growing evidence that blue light exposure has the potential to significantly increase a person's risk of macular degeneration over time.
More technically, a microscope objective's resolution is quantified by the Numerical Aperture. This webpage has great description of this as well as a more in-depth discussion of resolution. I'll note here that the wavelength of light you use makes a difference; shorter wavelengths improve the resolution. Links How a confocal microscope works This explanation was written by Eric Weeks Send me email: weeks@physics.emory.edu. Let me know if you have further questions, or if there are parts of this explanation that are confusing.
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Do you regularly experience blurred vision, eyestrain or headaches after being on your computer or smartphone for a while? If so, you may be experiencing a condition known as Computer Vision Syndrome. Fortunately, eye doctors have developed a special type of eyeglasses, known as computer glasses, that are made specifically to address the unique needs of those who are on the computer or other electronic devices for extended periods of time each day.
Links How a confocal microscope works This explanation was written by Eric Weeks Send me email: weeks@physics.emory.edu. Let me know if you have further questions, or if there are parts of this explanation that are confusing.
By selectively blocking harmful blue light and ultraviolet rays, blue blocking and UV protective lenses help prevent the early occurrence of certain eye diseases.
Fortunately, in general higher magnification lenses also have better resolution. In our lab a 10x objective has a resolution of 0.7 microns and a 100x objective has a resolution of 0.2 microns. One other tradeoff to consider: higher magnification lenses look at smaller fields of view, in proportion to their magnification. A 100x objective that sees a field of view of 100 x 100 micron^2 can be contrasted with a 10x objective looking at a 1000 x 1000 micron^2 field of view. So, when worrying about how good a microscope is, the most important question is what the resolution is. And in some science applications (such as my work) you care a lot about how well you can locate the centers of objects, and hopefully you can beat the resolution. Magnification is a much less useful specification (in my opinion). Technical note More technically, a microscope objective's resolution is quantified by the Numerical Aperture. This webpage has great description of this as well as a more in-depth discussion of resolution. I'll note here that the wavelength of light you use makes a difference; shorter wavelengths improve the resolution. Links How a confocal microscope works This explanation was written by Eric Weeks Send me email: weeks@physics.emory.edu. Let me know if you have further questions, or if there are parts of this explanation that are confusing.
The good news is, there's a difference between resolution and "ability to locate the position". If you have one tiny and isolated fluorescent object, you can often locate the position of that object to better than your resolution. The image of the object will show up as an extended blob, and you can find the "center of mass" of that blob-shaped image. If the blob is N pixels wide and each pixel is M microns across, you can estimate the center of the blob to about M/N accuracy, which often beats the optical resolution. This is a useful trick, but not solving the same problem as resolution. In some cases you can do various tricks to make the spot size bigger (increase N) so that you can locate the center even better. Various experiments I've heard of have claimed to be able to locate the centers of spots to within 10-30 nm using this sort of method. You may be interested in some software available for identifying particle positions, which implements this center-of-mass method. The magnification is something different altogether. There's a technical definition which compares the apparent angular size of the image, to the actual angular size of the object as it would appear if it were 25 cm away from your eye. This is a somewhat arbitary definition and in my opinion is mainly relevant for devising problems when I teach optics in my introductory physics classes. In real life, one often takes pictures using a CCD camera on a microscope, and projects them on a monitor. Using a larger monitor certainly can magnify the image further. But, it will still be just as blurry or sharp as the resolution. Fortunately, in general higher magnification lenses also have better resolution. In our lab a 10x objective has a resolution of 0.7 microns and a 100x objective has a resolution of 0.2 microns. One other tradeoff to consider: higher magnification lenses look at smaller fields of view, in proportion to their magnification. A 100x objective that sees a field of view of 100 x 100 micron^2 can be contrasted with a 10x objective looking at a 1000 x 1000 micron^2 field of view. So, when worrying about how good a microscope is, the most important question is what the resolution is. And in some science applications (such as my work) you care a lot about how well you can locate the centers of objects, and hopefully you can beat the resolution. Magnification is a much less useful specification (in my opinion). Technical note More technically, a microscope objective's resolution is quantified by the Numerical Aperture. This webpage has great description of this as well as a more in-depth discussion of resolution. I'll note here that the wavelength of light you use makes a difference; shorter wavelengths improve the resolution. Links How a confocal microscope works This explanation was written by Eric Weeks Send me email: weeks@physics.emory.edu. Let me know if you have further questions, or if there are parts of this explanation that are confusing.
High Energy Visible (HEV) Blue light exists outdoors directly from natural sunlight alongwith in your own home – released coming from digital machines and compact fluorescentlightings. Research demonstrate that blue light might impair our eyesight in addition our totalhealth, associating it to electronic eye exertion, retina trouble, worsening problems of eyemaladies such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration and break in sleeppatterns. Reducing HEV exposure is easy with BluTech. BluTech lenses offer maximumcoverage as well as improved performance when it comes to interior along with exteriorenvironments, through naturally purifying the high energy wavelengths which are one of themost awful to your eyes along with your overall health. The gains of BluTech lenses consist of:
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It is a risk factor for the onset of age-related macular degeneration which is a deterioration of the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. Ultraviolet light not only affects the skin by increasing the risk of skin cancer, but it can also be dangerous to the skin around the eyes. In addition, excessive exposure to UV light without proper protection can lead to cataracts.
The magnification is something different altogether. There's a technical definition which compares the apparent angular size of the image, to the actual angular size of the object as it would appear if it were 25 cm away from your eye. This is a somewhat arbitary definition and in my opinion is mainly relevant for devising problems when I teach optics in my introductory physics classes. In real life, one often takes pictures using a CCD camera on a microscope, and projects them on a monitor. Using a larger monitor certainly can magnify the image further. But, it will still be just as blurry or sharp as the resolution. Fortunately, in general higher magnification lenses also have better resolution. In our lab a 10x objective has a resolution of 0.7 microns and a 100x objective has a resolution of 0.2 microns. One other tradeoff to consider: higher magnification lenses look at smaller fields of view, in proportion to their magnification. A 100x objective that sees a field of view of 100 x 100 micron^2 can be contrasted with a 10x objective looking at a 1000 x 1000 micron^2 field of view. So, when worrying about how good a microscope is, the most important question is what the resolution is. And in some science applications (such as my work) you care a lot about how well you can locate the centers of objects, and hopefully you can beat the resolution. Magnification is a much less useful specification (in my opinion). Technical note More technically, a microscope objective's resolution is quantified by the Numerical Aperture. This webpage has great description of this as well as a more in-depth discussion of resolution. I'll note here that the wavelength of light you use makes a difference; shorter wavelengths improve the resolution. Links How a confocal microscope works This explanation was written by Eric Weeks Send me email: weeks@physics.emory.edu. Let me know if you have further questions, or if there are parts of this explanation that are confusing.
Blue light is part of the visible light spectrum and is emitted by the sun and artificial light sources such as LEDs, computers, and smartphones. Blue-violet light can have a harmful impact on the eyes, specifically the retina.
The special glasses removing ultraviolet light or having antireflective coatings will not solve your problems. However, computer and near stress reducing lenses can help reduce strain and improve visual comfort and efficiency.
Computer glasses are likely equipped with specialty lenses, such as BluTech and Crizal Prevencia, that are meant to reduce or eliminate many of the harmful side effects linked to increased time in front of computers and other electronic devices. This is done by selectively filtering out blue light, which improves visual comfort and reduces eyestrain. Simultaneously, these lenses allow non-harmful light to pass through, permitting the clearest vision possible.