One side of the Meniscus lens is Convex and one side is Concave. It can be a converging lens or a diverging lens. It is used in Projection Systems, Imaging ...

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Each application offers unique benefits, allowing for enhanced precision and accuracy in the production of semiconductor chips.

Ultra-Fine marking or any other process on medical equipment, Electronics, and semiconductors. Minor level processing on plastics, and 3D excavation on different types of metals.

The intense photon energy of UV lasers also produces a clean surface when the material is removed in the vapor phase. This process is called ablation and is much more efficient than traditional cutting techniques. Additionally, UV light breaks the bonds between the atoms and molecules of the material, preventing it from overheating and creating a heat-affected zone (HAZ).

Marking or engraving these ceramics must be precise and accurate. With UV lasers or cold lasers, even the tiniest surface can be engraved or marked with ultra-precision. 0.1-0.3% is the accuracy range of UV lasers and the small diameter of the UV laser makes it possible to reach in few micrometers and give a high-resolution result.

The "Fresnel Equations". Brewster's Angle. Total internal reflection. Power reflectance and transmittance. Augustin Fresnel. 1788-1827. Page 2. Posing the ...

One of the main advantages of using UV lasers for marking glass is that they can produce marks that are highly resistant to wear and tear. The marks made by UV lasers are durable and can withstand exposure to heat, moisture, and other harsh conditions.

This type of polarized light is often termed glare and can be easily demonstrated by viewing the distant part of a highway on a sunny day. The reflection and polarization of light according to the Brewster theory can be more thoroughly examined with our Brewster Angle Java Tutorial. Light reflected by the flat surface of a highway is partially polarized with the electric field vectors vibrating in a direction that is parallel to the ground. This light can be blocked by polarizing filters oriented in a vertical direction as illustrated below in Figure 2 with a pair of polarized sunglasses.

In these long waves, UV-A radiation is not very harmful to the human body and is often used in cosmetic surgeries. The other two UV-B and UV-C radiations, however, can be dangerous and must be used with proper safety measures when working with different materials and in different processes.

UV Lasers are used in marking/ hall marking, micro cutting precious metals with high reflectance such as Gold, Silver, Copper, Platinum, Gemstones, etc.

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Marking on Medical devices on SS (400 series), tungsten coated material by UV Laser is passivation, sterilization, and corrosion resistant according to ASTM A967-05 Standard Specification.

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Some of the applications of UV laser markers include PCB cutting, and marking on earphones, chargers, and MCBs. With electronic parts becoming smaller and their sealing resins thinner, UV laser markers are the perfect tool to ensure parts are marked without causing any damage.

This process is known as cold processing and is ideal for delicate applications where heat damage is a concern. By taking advantage of the unique properties of UV lasers, manufacturers are better able to achieve the precision and accuracy they need for their projects.

UV laser markers offer an optimal solution for marking electronic parts due to their incredibly high material absorption rate. Unlike conventional laser markers, UV laser markers are capable of marking sealing resins without transmitting energy and damaging the internal components of the device.

Rain Repel is a hydrophobic coating for your windscreen, which is highly effective in cold and wet weather. It works by forming a chemical bond with the glass.

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UV lasers enable the marking of glass parts without modifying their surface structure or chemical composition, thus preventing them from thermal breakage. The marks created by UV lasers are resistant to fading or erosion and can be made with a high level of precision.

In medical equipment, silicon rubber is also used in transparent form and one of the advantages of UV lasers is that it is used to focus the marking inside the transparent substrate. Usually, this applies to products that are used for intubation or other applications in which they come in direct contact with the patient.

Better beam quality: UV lasers can have a better beam quality than fiber lasers, resulting in higher accuracy and precision.

The best option to opt out for marking or engraving of such complex codes is to use cold lasers or UV lasers, which will allow you to achieve the highest level of precision even on the tiniest surface of medical equipment with long-running quality and difficult-to-copy-or alter the data.

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This anti-reflective film reduces unpleasant reflections on tablets and laptops with a glossy coating (glare), which can be caused by sunlight falling on the ...

The UDI Codes marking should be smooth to the touch to eliminate the space for bacteria. UV laser is strongly absorbed by the material, unlike the other lasers. It directly breaks the bond on substrates (plastic) and results in eliminating the heat-affected zone (HAZ).

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The lenses of the sunglasses have polarizing filters that are oriented vertically with respect to the frames. In the Figure 2 above, the blue light waves have their electric field vectors oriented in the same direction as the polarizing lenses and, thus, are passed through. In contrast, the red light wave is perpendicular to the filters and is blocked by the lenses. Polarizing sunglasses are very useful when driving in the sun or at the beach where sunlight is reflected from the surface of the road or water leading to glare that can be almost blinding.

In addition, UV lasers do not generate much heat during the marking process, which means that they can be used to mark delicate or heat-sensitive glass products without damaging them.

In addition, UV lasers can be used to interact with a wide variety of materials, including glass, ceramic, reinforced polymers, and even highly reflective precious metals such as silver, gold, copper, and more.

Higher peak power: Pulsed UV lasers can have higher peak power than pulsed fiber lasers, allowing for more precise cuts or modifications.

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Unpolarized incident light (natural sunlight, for example) is polarized to a certain degree when it is reflected from an insulating surface like water or a highway. In this case, light waves that have the electric field vectors parallel to the surface are reflected to a greater degree than those with different orientations. The optical properties of the insulating surface determine the exact amount of reflected light that is polarized. Mirrors are not good polarizers, although many transparent materials will be very good polarizers, but only if the incident light angle is within certain limits. In this case, the particular angle inducing maximum polarization is known as the Brewster angle given by the expression:

UV lasers are used for applications that need ultrafine results on the materials. Some of the applications of UV Laser are:

This concept is illustrated in Figure 1 below, and we have also constructed an interactive Java tutorial that explores the interaction of light waves with polarizers. In this example, the incident light electric field vectors are vibrating perpendicular to the direction of propagation in an equal distribution of all planes before encountering the first polarizer. The polarizers illustrated above are actually filters containing long-chain polymer molecules that are oriented in a single direction. Only the incident light that is vibrating in the same plane as the oriented polymer molecules is absorbed, while light vibrating at right angles to the plane is passed through the first polarizing filter. In Figure 1, polarizer 1 is oriented vertically to the incident beam so it will pass only the waves that are vertical in the incident beam. The wave passing through polarizer 1 is subsequently blocked by polarizer 2 because the second polarizer is oriented horizontally with respect to the electric field vector in the light wave. The concept of using two polarizers oriented at right angles with respect to each other is commonly termed crossed polarization and is fundamental to the practice of polarized light microscopy.

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It is the properties of special ceramics that resist chemical erosion, are lightweight, anti-magnetic, and non-allergic to the human body, and the color will not fade.

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An excellent example of the basic application of liquid crystals to display devices can be found in the seven-segment LCD numerical display (Figure 3). Here, the liquid crystalline phase is sandwiched between two glass plates that have electrodes attached similar to those depicted in the illustration below. In figure 3, the glass plates are drawn with seven black electrodes that can be individually charged (these electrodes are transparent to light in real devices). Light passing through polarizer 1 is polarized in the vertical direction and, when no current is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystalline phase induces a 90 degree "twist" of the light and it can pass through polarizer 2, which is polarized horizontally and is perpendicular to polarizer 1. This light can then form one of the seven segments on the display.

Polarization of light is very useful in many aspects of optical microscopy. The microscope configuration uses crossed polarizers where the first polarizer (termed: the polarizer) is placed below the sample in the light path and the second polarizer (termed: the analyzer) is placed above the sample, between the objective and the eyepieces. With no sample on the microscope stage, the light polarized by the polarizer is blocked by the analyzer and no light is visible. When samples that are birefringent are viewed on the stage between crossed polarizers, the microscopist can visualize aspects of the samples through light rotated by the sample and then able to pass through the analyzer. The details of polarized light microscopy are thoroughly discussed in our microscopy section of this primer.

Ceramic substrates are among the hardest materials to mark and traditional marking techniques don't work on them. It is very important to mark or engrave the special ceramics used in the manufacture of watches and jewelry very meticulously. Inaccurate marking or engraving techniques can make the product look unattractive and also compromise its strength.

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One of the most common uses of polarization today is the liquid crystal display (LCD) used in numerous applications including wrist watches, computer screens, timers, clocks, and many others. These devices are based upon the interaction of rod-like liquid crystalline molecules with an electric field and polarized light waves. The liquid crystalline phase exists in a ground state that is termed cholesteric where the molecules are oriented in layers where each successive layer is slightly twisted to form a spiral pattern. When polarized light waves interact with the liquid crystalline phase the wave is "twisted" by an angle of approximately 90 degrees with respect to the incident wave. This angle is a function of the helical pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystalline phase, which is dependent upon the chemical composition of the molecules (it can be fine-tuned by small changes to the molecules).

Natural sunlight and almost every other form of artificial illumination transmits light waves whose electric field vectors vibrate in all perpendicular planes with respect to the direction of propagation. When the electric field vectors are restricted to a single plane by filtration, then the light is said to be polarized with respect to the direction of propagation and all waves vibrate in the same plane.

There are many types of rays that make up the electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from Radio waves to Ultraviolet rays. Starting with the longest-wavelength radio waves, the spectrum includes microwaves, infrared waves, visible rays, and finally ultraviolet rays with its shorter wavelength. Each type of ray has its own unique properties and applications.

UV lasers are also ideal for processing materials such as plastics, flexible circuit boards, and reinforced polymers that can be damaged by IR lasers. UV lasers break the molecular bonds on the surface of these materials, resulting in more precise and smooth edges with minimal carbonization and cold processing.

UV lasers offer several advantages over IR lasers, making them the preferred choice for many applications. Unlike IR lasers that penetrate deep into materials and can cause heat-affected zones and corrosion, UV lasers produce precise marks on the surface with no heat-affected zones, leaving the material corrosion-resistant.

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Medical devices come into direct or indirect contact with patients, so the markings or engraving should not contain any chemicals that can cause an allergic reaction. UV lasers are hygienic and biocompatible.

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Shorter wavelength: UV lasers emit light with a shorter wavelength than fiber lasers, making them more effective when marking, cutting or modifying certain materials, such as those that are transparent or reflective.

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When current is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystalline phase aligns with the current and loses the cholesteric spiral pattern. Light passing through a charged electrode is not twisted and is blocked by polarizer 2. By coordinating the voltage on the seven positive and negative electrodes, the display is capable of rendering the numbers 0 through 9. In this example the upper right and lower left electrodes are charged and block light passing through them, allowing formation of the number "2".

UV lasers are commonly used to mark identifying information, such as serial numbers or logos, on glass products, such as eyeglasses, bottles, and vials. They are also used to mark patterns or images on the surface of the glass.

The healthcare or medical sector consists of various array of industries and one of them is manufacturing medical equipment and tracking them by UDI codes, Data metrics, and other tracking information. And these codes should be marked or engraved very precisely because if even a minor level malfunction takes place, inaccurate tracking information will be received.

Marking on vehicle plastic parts (Natural Polyamide), On plastic tubes (Silicon), Power switch covers (Urea formaldehyde white), and Laser marking on other materials such as ABS/NYLON /PE/ FLURO CARBON RESINS.

The reason why UV lasers are also known as “Cold lasers” is because it breaks the bond of atoms and molecules on the product which prevents it from overheating and leads to giving precise and accurate results on the material as it gets evaporated, unlike other lasers which do not give precise marking results as the heat produce by them deposit some of the material on the surface.

UV lasers offer many advantages for precision applications, including their short wavelength, high energy intensity, and short pulse widths. These features allow for focused spots and small, precise material removal with each pulse, enabling the production of well-defined microstructures.

The applications of UV in the field of semiconductor chip processing are vast and varied, including chip cutting, wafer drilling micro-holes, wafer marking, laser adjustment of thin film resistance, laser measurement, laser etching, deep ultraviolet projection lithography, and much more.

UV Laser is also known as Cold Laser marking. It is a special type of laser used in various materials. Its wavelength is between 150-400 nm. UV radiation is considered a third harmonic generation laser as it emits one-third of the pump wavelength which is achieved by the interaction of two stages. The frequency of Nd: YAG is converted to make II harmonic laser with wavelength 215nm to 380nm and III harmonic lasers with wavelength 197nm to 220nm.

Michael W. Davidson - National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310.

Better ablation performance: UV lasers can be more effective at ablation (vaporizing or removing material) than fiber lasers, particularly for materials that are resistant to ablation or that have high absorption in the UV part of the spectrum.