Apollo routinely diamond turns optics from the following materials; plastic (Acrylic, Styrene, Zeonex, Zeonor, Ultem), Nickel, Brass, Copper, Aluminum and many other materials.

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Single point diamond turning is selected as a manufacturing method for its unique advantages in precision, performance, and cost-effectiveness. The human operator is just as important as the process itself, so choosing the best manufacturer for your optics project is essential.

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These components have many uses in automotive, aerospace, medical, security, consumer products, and military and defense industries.

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Apollo has an extensive in-house design and testing infrastructure to support its Single Point Diamond Turning services. Support capabilities include:

fresnel is a python library for path tracing publication quality images of soft matter simulations in real time. The fastest render performance is possible on NVIDIA GPUs using their OptiX ray tracing engine. fresnel also supports multi-core CPUs using Intel's Embree ray tracing kernels. Path tracing enables high quality global illumination and advanced rendering effects controlled by intuitive parameters (like roughness, specular, and metal).

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Apollo's Single-Point Diamond Turning (SPDT) lathes produce superior optical surface finishes and consistent performance in plastic and metals. The SPDT process is used to fabricate optical components and to machine the optical surface on the inserts used in the molding process.The SPDT process can fabricate small quantities of custom optical prototypes prior to production molding the optics.

Apollo Optical Systems currently has three Single Point Diamond Turning lathes: One Innolite IL300 and two Precitech Nanoform 200 lathes (for manufacturing asymmetrical components).

Despite the versatility of single point diamond turning, there are also material restrictions. It can accommodate a range of plastics, metals, and infrared crystals, but not glass. One solution is to machine the mold with a compatible material, then use a glass press molding machine to fabricate it.

See the installation guide for details on installing fresnel with conda, docker, singularity, and compiling from source.

Use the fresnel discussion board to post questions, ask for support, and discuss potential new features. File bug reports on fresnel's issue tracker. fresnel is an open source project. Please review the contributor's guide for more information before contributing.

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From our initial discussions with our customers, through delivery, quality is always our main concern. Our Single Point Diamond Turning center is supported by the latest Apollo metrology. Our knowledge and extensive experience of optical design and metrology allows us to perform complete characterization of all our SPDT optical components and molding inserts.

Read the tutorial and reference documentation on readthedocs. The tutorial is also available in Jupyter notebooks in the fresnel-examples repository.

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Depending on the equipment and systems’ precision, single point diamond turning can achieve machining accuracy of 1 nm or less and material removal rate of more than 10−4 mm3/s.

One advantage of using SPDT with polymer optics is that many optical polymers can be directly diamond turned. This means that prototype optics can be produced (via SPDT) in the same material that will be used in mass production (via injection molding).

Single point diamond turning leaves tiny tool marks on finished surfaces, which can degrade the optical performance. Typically, these tool marks are inconsequential if the optical elements are big enough, so this consideration should be addressed in the design phase. In addition, smoothing techniques like bonnet polishing, magnetorheological finishing (MRF), and ion beam figuring (IBF) can remove residual marks.

Depending on the project’s specifications, diamond turning can be a cost-effective and affordable option over other optical manufacturing methods. Prototyping typically involves a higher upfront cost with lower per-unit costs.