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Image clarity is the biggest reason why spherical aberration must be considered when designing a vision system. When not corrected, the resulting image can have slight or even strong blur along the edge. In some cases, this can be to the point that the image may “cut off” a vital part of the target or environment. Without edge-to-edge sharpness the process of image analysis can become much more difficult.

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This is similar to how a magnifying glass focuses best through the center of the lens. Figure 2 highlights this where the circuit is in focus near the center, but the rest of the circuit board, especially the text, is out of focus.

The first step towards taking a good photo is to make the area as light as possible by opening curtains/blinds or turning on the lights.  There are also a number of screen options while taking the photo;

There are no limits to the number of photos you can take in Property Inspection Manager (PIM).  Some reports need only a few photos, others need hundreds, (even thousands!). That's perfectly ok, but remember too many photos on your finished report will take a long time to submit and will use a lot of ink and paper when printing.

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In aerial imaging, software stitching is used to combine images into larger mosaics. This can be done with multiple cameras to multiply the number of pixels that are capturing the image data. However, if spherical aberration is involved this could prove difficult due to the lack of edge sharpens. When stitching images together, a level of overlap is required to ensure that the images align properly. Without enough of the edge of each image in focus, the ability for software to align and stitch the images will be affected. Therefore, more of each image may need to be used for overlapping to compensate for a lack of clarity, effectively reducing the number of pixels being used to image unique information. For further information on using multiple cameras in aerial imaging, read our white paper, "Using a Single Versus Multiple Cameras in Aerial Imaging."It comes down to selecting the right lens In early optical systems that used single lens elements, the solution to spherical aberration was to add a small aperture. By having a narrow path for light to pass through, the out of focus light coming from the edges of a lens will be blocked and only allow light to pass near the center of the lens. This results in a sharper image, but also reduces the brightness. Therefore, using a lens system that corrects for spherical aberration helps prevent poor image quality while retaining the desired amount of light. However, even with modern lens designs that try to adjust for spherical aberration, using a smaller aperture is still a common solution for getting the full frame in focus when there is adequate lighting. To better understand how aperture plays a role in imaging, see the Teledyne Lumenera blog post, "Improving Imaging System Performance with Lens Aperture Optimization."For industrial applications, it can be more challenging to find a solution when the camera is not being used in a controlled setting (e.g. microscopy). Lens manufactures may have higher quality lens designs that correct for several types of aberrations, but spherical aberration will still occur to some extent with most lens systems that use spherical glass. Even if there are corrections in place, it is a physical limitation for spherical glass to focus all incoming light at one point. However, proper lens design can largely adjust for spherical aberration and produce images that capture all the important details.One way a lens can correct for spherical aberration is by adjusting the physical shape of the lens elements. By grinding a lens so that it protrudes more near the center and making some adjustments to the edges, the lens can correct for focusing at the edge and allow all light to align properly. An example of this is an aspherical lens seen in Figure 4. In this image a standard spherical lens is compared to an aspherical lens. Several points of focus are produced by the standard lens, but this is fixed by introducing an aspherical lens in its place, focusing all the light to one point. Depending on budget, choosing a lens will be based on a variety of factors, not just how well it can correct for spherical aberration. Special optics can be purchased for microscopy and even software solutions exist to assist with image correction, such as Teledyne Lumenera’s INFINITY ANALYZE 7, with built in spherical aberration correction. However, the physical limitations of a lens can not be completely overcome, due to a variety of lens options, there will never be just one lens that can always produce a “perfect” image. Various types of lenses are often necessary for any professional, since there will constantly be new targets to image and environments in which to image. In real-world applications, spherical aberration is bound to come up, but with modern technology, images can virtually omit any defects the human eye can detect.For hundreds of years, new developments have continued to improve the quality of optics. Trying to enhance image quality one step at a time has been a consistent trend within the camera industry. At the time of writing this blog post, there have been relatively recent discoveries published in the Journal of Applied Optics (Doc. ID 351567) for designing lenses free of spherical aberration. This goes to show that advances in optical systems are continuing to develop as they always have been. Lens manufactures will continue to design and produce more options with finer details and improve upon previous generations.So, understanding which lenses to purchase can be difficult. For any questions regarding Teledyne Lumenera cameras and finding compatible lenses that fit a specific application, Teledyne Lumenera’s imaging experts are always available. Reach out at [email protected].And, sign up for our newsletter to automatically receive regular updates from Teledyne Lumenera.

Spherical aberration is the blurriness at the edge of an image. Using a spherical lens on a camera causes light near the edge of the lens (farther from the optical axis) to converge closer to the lens (shown in Figure 1). The light rays near the optical axis are referred to as paraxial rays and the rays near the periphery of the lens are the marginal rays. It should be noted that almost all optics found in cameras use spherical lenses.

Even with sophisticated lens systems, it can be difficult to get an entire image in focus. With any spherical surface, light will bend differently depending where on the surface the light is passing through. In Figure 1 below, light is refracting at different angles, where the steeper the curve on the lens, the larger the angle of refraction. In the case of a camera lens that uses spherical glass, the surface near the edge of the glass will always refract light at a steeper angle. This will cause some incident light, primarily the light closer to the edge of the curved surface, to focus before the desired focal plane. This phenomenon is called spherical aberration.

One way a lens can correct for spherical aberration is by adjusting the physical shape of the lens elements. By grinding a lens so that it protrudes more near the center and making some adjustments to the edges, the lens can correct for focusing at the edge and allow all light to align properly. An example of this is an aspherical lens seen in Figure 4. In this image a standard spherical lens is compared to an aspherical lens. Several points of focus are produced by the standard lens, but this is fixed by introducing an aspherical lens in its place, focusing all the light to one point.

Then tap the "3 dots" (2) and tap Select (3). This will allow you to select multiple files. If this step is not done when tapping a photo, the photo will just download to your device from the remote location and PIM will not have access.

Using the camera button as marked below "Photo", you will be able to take one photo at a time.   Just tap on the camera to take your shot.

You may be presented with this permission window, requesting access to your photo library, Tap "OK" to allow access to the microphone.

So a deep depth of field means that a larger area is in focus, even everything in the frame. Sometimes this is called "deep focus." Why use a deep depth of ...

So let's look at how to take great photos (and even annotate) in PIM. Watch the video below, use the written guide, or head over to our YouTube channel - Taking Photos and Video in PIM Cloud.

You may have photos saved via the Files app on your device whether that be in Dropbox, OneDrive, iCloud Drive, or your own server. Each Location will become available to use when you install that app and log into that app, such as Dropbox, on your device. You can add photos by selecting the storage location (1):  e.g. DropBox

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You may have already taken some video of the property on the camera of your device or imported them from another device (Transfer Photos from iPhone to iPad for PIM using AirDrop).  Simply tap the Photo Library button to select your existing videos on your iPad/iPhone.

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When selecting Photos, after viewing the photo full screen (by tapping (b) above) tap Edit to start Annotating your photo. Refer to our Annotation Guide here for more details.

Select the video(s) you wish to add to PIM (2), then tap Add (3). This window shows how many videos you have selected, see label (4), and (5) indicates the maximum number of videos you are allowed to add for this session.   You can also use the search field to locate tagged videos quickly, whether by property or location or choose the Album toggle to view whole albums stored on your device.

6.  Video -  Use this setting to take up to a 10-second video for Inspection Areas and Sub-Inspection Areas, and up to 20-second videos for the "Our Summary" Inspection Areas.

Photos are a crucial component of every inspection, as they serve as a visual record and can serve as valuable supporting evidence in case of disputes. When using your iPhone or iPad, you can expect crisp and clear images. Don't forget to utilize the flash or torch mode in dimly lit areas! PIM comes equipped with a revamped camera interface, along with the capability to annotate photos, support for Ultra Wide Camera devices, and the convenience of importing photos from various sources such as Dropbox, iCloud Drive, OneDrive, or your personal servers. Furthermore, we've integrated a range of user-friendly camera tools to simplify the process of capturing your photos.

In applications such as precision agriculture that use a very wide field of view from high altitude, it is critical to ensure that the same edge-to-edge sharpness is always present. This is especially true when post processing is done to help with the analysis, such as NDVI for monitoring the health of crops, or by using software that takes advantage of higher bit depths to actually produce the analytics itself. To understand NDVI and more about why bit depth is important for image analysis, read Teledyne Lumenera’s blog posts on, "Vegetation Indices Measuring Vegetation Health With Digital Imaging" and "An In-Depth Look At Bit Depth."In aerial imaging, software stitching is used to combine images into larger mosaics. This can be done with multiple cameras to multiply the number of pixels that are capturing the image data. However, if spherical aberration is involved this could prove difficult due to the lack of edge sharpens. When stitching images together, a level of overlap is required to ensure that the images align properly. Without enough of the edge of each image in focus, the ability for software to align and stitch the images will be affected. Therefore, more of each image may need to be used for overlapping to compensate for a lack of clarity, effectively reducing the number of pixels being used to image unique information. For further information on using multiple cameras in aerial imaging, read our white paper, "Using a Single Versus Multiple Cameras in Aerial Imaging."It comes down to selecting the right lens In early optical systems that used single lens elements, the solution to spherical aberration was to add a small aperture. By having a narrow path for light to pass through, the out of focus light coming from the edges of a lens will be blocked and only allow light to pass near the center of the lens. This results in a sharper image, but also reduces the brightness. Therefore, using a lens system that corrects for spherical aberration helps prevent poor image quality while retaining the desired amount of light. However, even with modern lens designs that try to adjust for spherical aberration, using a smaller aperture is still a common solution for getting the full frame in focus when there is adequate lighting. To better understand how aperture plays a role in imaging, see the Teledyne Lumenera blog post, "Improving Imaging System Performance with Lens Aperture Optimization."For industrial applications, it can be more challenging to find a solution when the camera is not being used in a controlled setting (e.g. microscopy). Lens manufactures may have higher quality lens designs that correct for several types of aberrations, but spherical aberration will still occur to some extent with most lens systems that use spherical glass. Even if there are corrections in place, it is a physical limitation for spherical glass to focus all incoming light at one point. However, proper lens design can largely adjust for spherical aberration and produce images that capture all the important details.One way a lens can correct for spherical aberration is by adjusting the physical shape of the lens elements. By grinding a lens so that it protrudes more near the center and making some adjustments to the edges, the lens can correct for focusing at the edge and allow all light to align properly. An example of this is an aspherical lens seen in Figure 4. In this image a standard spherical lens is compared to an aspherical lens. Several points of focus are produced by the standard lens, but this is fixed by introducing an aspherical lens in its place, focusing all the light to one point. Depending on budget, choosing a lens will be based on a variety of factors, not just how well it can correct for spherical aberration. Special optics can be purchased for microscopy and even software solutions exist to assist with image correction, such as Teledyne Lumenera’s INFINITY ANALYZE 7, with built in spherical aberration correction. However, the physical limitations of a lens can not be completely overcome, due to a variety of lens options, there will never be just one lens that can always produce a “perfect” image. Various types of lenses are often necessary for any professional, since there will constantly be new targets to image and environments in which to image. In real-world applications, spherical aberration is bound to come up, but with modern technology, images can virtually omit any defects the human eye can detect.For hundreds of years, new developments have continued to improve the quality of optics. Trying to enhance image quality one step at a time has been a consistent trend within the camera industry. At the time of writing this blog post, there have been relatively recent discoveries published in the Journal of Applied Optics (Doc. ID 351567) for designing lenses free of spherical aberration. This goes to show that advances in optical systems are continuing to develop as they always have been. Lens manufactures will continue to design and produce more options with finer details and improve upon previous generations.So, understanding which lenses to purchase can be difficult. For any questions regarding Teledyne Lumenera cameras and finding compatible lenses that fit a specific application, Teledyne Lumenera’s imaging experts are always available. Reach out at [email protected].And, sign up for our newsletter to automatically receive regular updates from Teledyne Lumenera.

Select the photo(s) you wish to add to PIM (2), then tap Add (3). This window shows how many photos you have selected, see label (4), and (5) indicates the maximum number of photos you are allowed to add for this session.   You can also use the search field to locate tagged photos quickly, whether by property or location or choose the Album toggle to view whole albums stored on your device.

Depending on budget, choosing a lens will be based on a variety of factors, not just how well it can correct for spherical aberration. Special optics can be purchased for microscopy and even software solutions exist to assist with image correction, such as Teledyne Lumenera’s INFINITY ANALYZE 7, with built in spherical aberration correction. However, the physical limitations of a lens can not be completely overcome, due to a variety of lens options, there will never be just one lens that can always produce a “perfect” image. Various types of lenses are often necessary for any professional, since there will constantly be new targets to image and environments in which to image. In real-world applications, spherical aberration is bound to come up, but with modern technology, images can virtually omit any defects the human eye can detect.

Rays from infinitely distance objects are condensed internally in the lens at a common point on the optical axis. The point at which the image sensor of.

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For industrial applications, it can be more challenging to find a solution when the camera is not being used in a controlled setting (e.g. microscopy). Lens manufactures may have higher quality lens designs that correct for several types of aberrations, but spherical aberration will still occur to some extent with most lens systems that use spherical glass. Even if there are corrections in place, it is a physical limitation for spherical glass to focus all incoming light at one point. However, proper lens design can largely adjust for spherical aberration and produce images that capture all the important details.

You may have already taken all the property photos on the camera of your device or imported them from another device (Transfer Photos from iPhone to iPad for PIM using AirDrop).  Simply tap the Photo Library button to select up to 20 photos at a time from existing photos on your iPad/iPhone.

PIM leverages your device's built-in camera to automatically generate high-quality labelled photos for your reports. You can enhance context by enabling the Date/Time Stamp in Settings > PIM Admin > Default Settings. These photos, including Date/Time stamps if desired, can be easily exported as individual high-resolution images using the Sharing Reports & Photos feature

Expand the relevant Inspection Area (or Sub Inspection Area), you can then tap directly on the Camera symbol on the right-hand side. You can also tap the Photos row, as before.  Both methods will launch the camera window ready for you to take your photos if none have already been taken.  Should you see a prompt requesting PIM access to your Camera just tap OK.

PIM Premium Cloud users can now enhance their inspections with the addition of videos, making it effortless to capture real-time issues using PIM's exciting new video feature. No need for extra cameras – you can perform a complete 360-degree room scan right from your device! In addition to traditional videos, you have the opportunity to personalize your service and make a memorable impression with unique selfies or talking head videos when recording in the 'Our Summary' section of your inspection. Please note that videos taken in the 'Our Summary' section are limited to 20 seconds, while videos in all other sections are limited to 10 seconds.

Another example of spherical aberration can be seen in Figure 3 where a magnifying glass is used to image the text on a Teledyne Lumenera brochure. In this image the center of the text (“Teledyne”) remains in focus. However, the text is out of focus at the edges of the image. This is exaggerated by the barrel distortion in Figure 3, but in a practical setting, spherical aberration could result in blur and losing vital image data near the edges of a frame.

You may be presented with this permission window, requesting access to your photo library, tap "Allow Access to All Photos"

7.  Ultra-Wide Zoom - Tap "1x" just above the shutter button to switch to the ultra-wide (0.5x) camera.  This function is only available on an iPhone 11 and higher and iPad Pro 2020 or later models. Ultra-Wide Zoom is a great solution when you are struggling to keep everything in the frame. Whether you are taking a photo of a whole room, that perfect cover photo for your report, or zoomed in for a crack in the wall, PIM now caters to all your photo needs.

3C.  Choose Files - Tap to access and add photos via the files app. e.g. Dropbox, OneDrive, iCloud, or your own servers.  (refer to Option 3 below).

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Multi-mode (or PIM Burst Mode) lets you simply point and shoot without stopping to check or add notes. Just tap Multi above the camera button to turn this feature on. Please note that this feature is exclusive to PIM Premium accounts.

With the right lighting techniques, you can add more meaning and emotion to each shot. From ambient to soft lighting, filmmakers typically use 13 standard ...

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So, understanding which lenses to purchase can be difficult. For any questions regarding Teledyne Lumenera cameras and finding compatible lenses that fit a specific application, Teledyne Lumenera’s imaging experts are always available. Reach out at [email protected].

If you are already editing your Notes you also have the option to take photos using the camera icon from the keyboard shortcuts (at the top of the keyboard) or the right-hand side.

5.  Multi - Used to take up to 20 images in succession without having to tap "Use Photo" between shots. (refer to Option 2 below)

Once Multi is activated, you can then use the normal camera button on the right to take multiple photos without interruptions. The only disadvantage is that if you need to add notes or make changes to where the photo is displayed, you will need to edit them later from the area photo list. (See Viewing Your Photos below.)

For hundreds of years, new developments have continued to improve the quality of optics. Trying to enhance image quality one step at a time has been a consistent trend within the camera industry. At the time of writing this blog post, there have been relatively recent discoveries published in the Journal of Applied Optics (Doc. ID 351567) for designing lenses free of spherical aberration. This goes to show that advances in optical systems are continuing to develop as they always have been. Lens manufactures will continue to design and produce more options with finer details and improve upon previous generations.

In early optical systems that used single lens elements, the solution to spherical aberration was to add a small aperture. By having a narrow path for light to pass through, the out of focus light coming from the edges of a lens will be blocked and only allow light to pass near the center of the lens. This results in a sharper image, but also reduces the brightness. Therefore, using a lens system that corrects for spherical aberration helps prevent poor image quality while retaining the desired amount of light. However, even with modern lens designs that try to adjust for spherical aberration, using a smaller aperture is still a common solution for getting the full frame in focus when there is adequate lighting. To better understand how aperture plays a role in imaging, see the Teledyne Lumenera blog post, "Improving Imaging System Performance with Lens Aperture Optimization."For industrial applications, it can be more challenging to find a solution when the camera is not being used in a controlled setting (e.g. microscopy). Lens manufactures may have higher quality lens designs that correct for several types of aberrations, but spherical aberration will still occur to some extent with most lens systems that use spherical glass. Even if there are corrections in place, it is a physical limitation for spherical glass to focus all incoming light at one point. However, proper lens design can largely adjust for spherical aberration and produce images that capture all the important details.One way a lens can correct for spherical aberration is by adjusting the physical shape of the lens elements. By grinding a lens so that it protrudes more near the center and making some adjustments to the edges, the lens can correct for focusing at the edge and allow all light to align properly. An example of this is an aspherical lens seen in Figure 4. In this image a standard spherical lens is compared to an aspherical lens. Several points of focus are produced by the standard lens, but this is fixed by introducing an aspherical lens in its place, focusing all the light to one point. Depending on budget, choosing a lens will be based on a variety of factors, not just how well it can correct for spherical aberration. Special optics can be purchased for microscopy and even software solutions exist to assist with image correction, such as Teledyne Lumenera’s INFINITY ANALYZE 7, with built in spherical aberration correction. However, the physical limitations of a lens can not be completely overcome, due to a variety of lens options, there will never be just one lens that can always produce a “perfect” image. Various types of lenses are often necessary for any professional, since there will constantly be new targets to image and environments in which to image. In real-world applications, spherical aberration is bound to come up, but with modern technology, images can virtually omit any defects the human eye can detect.For hundreds of years, new developments have continued to improve the quality of optics. Trying to enhance image quality one step at a time has been a consistent trend within the camera industry. At the time of writing this blog post, there have been relatively recent discoveries published in the Journal of Applied Optics (Doc. ID 351567) for designing lenses free of spherical aberration. This goes to show that advances in optical systems are continuing to develop as they always have been. Lens manufactures will continue to design and produce more options with finer details and improve upon previous generations.So, understanding which lenses to purchase can be difficult. For any questions regarding Teledyne Lumenera cameras and finding compatible lenses that fit a specific application, Teledyne Lumenera’s imaging experts are always available. Reach out at [email protected].And, sign up for our newsletter to automatically receive regular updates from Teledyne Lumenera.