I was surprised to see the misstated comments on Depth of Field vs. Depth of Focus in the June 2007 Your Tips get past your editors. To clear things up, here are the definitions of the two phrases from The American Cinematographer Manual (4th edition, 1973, page 625).

So why would we ever want a filter that allows less light into your lens? The Neutral Density Filter doesn’t change any colors in the image and doesn’t boost color nor have any reflection reducing effects like the polarizing filters. The Neutral Density Filter’s sole purpose is to reduce the light entering your camera by three stops. This seems like an odd filter to want in your bag, but here are four great reasons why photographers might want to own a Neutral Density Filter:

While a warm or cool side effect can easily be compensated for by adjusting the camera’s white balance, unfortunately the color issues with ND filters also manifest in not just temperature but also tint, or the magenta / green spectrum. This can still be roughly corrected for either in-camera or in post-production, however the purity of the overall subtle colors may still be compromised.

In common English, Depth of Field is what the photographer is interested in; it is what is in acceptable focus in front of the lens. Depth of Focus is what only a technician is interested in; it is what is in focus behind the rear lens element which the film or image sensor “sees.” Kerry Lee

1) Daylight Blur – Let’s say you’re at your smallest aperture and your lowest ISO; and your shutter speeds are still too high to capture blur while obtaining the proper exposure. With this Neutral Density Filter, the amount of light is divided by three, allowing you to use slower shutter speeds in broad daylight, capturing the desired blur.

Depth of field vs depth of focusmicroscope

Thank you to Robert, Kerry and the few others who wrote in to correct our statement. We certainly have every intention of printing the proper technical explanations as clearly and concisely as possible, and regret those times that we slip up, often with great embarrassment when an error sneaks through. We do appreciate the fact that our loyal readers love to contact us and tell us when we’ve erred, or when we’ve made your day a good one! We take all comments seriously and read all letters and emails, even those that never make print. – The Editors

I have been a filmmaker since the late ’60s and am now working in the video field. I now shoot almost exclusively on videotape. I entered some films in the Academy Awards competition back in the late ’70s and remember that we all had to adhere to a strict set of rules, one of which was that my production had to be originated on film and projected in a theatre in Los Angeles County for seven consecutive paid play dates, on film, not videotape. This was no easy task if you could not afford a 16mm to 35mm blowup.

Circular Polarization ... Circular polarization of light scattered from solid, rough surfaces is a double reflection mechanism, where the first reflection from a ...

4) Glassy Water – Similarly, if it’s not dark enough for long exposures, you won’t be able to use the technique mentioned in this article on glassy water. The Neutral Density Filter will allow you to block out enough light to utilize this technique.

Hi, I have been a subscriber to your magazine for a long time and it has been a great experience all these years. I would like to see articles about people who are doing business using consumer camcorders: cameras than don’t cost more than $600.00 at least. I know that today’s equipment has been lowered in terms of costs, and you can practically have your own production studio with a good computer and a good camera, but what about people who can’t afford more than a regular camcorder and a turnkey computer system? Csar D. Daz Puerto Rico

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Shallowdepth of field

Depth of field vs depth of focusphotography

Ideally, a good neutral density filter will not introduce any color cast to an image, or reduce the image detail / sharpness by any discernible amount. Unfortunately, some ND filters, from the affordable to the expensive, do introduce a faint color cast to the resulting image.

If a photographer only finds themselves using an ND filter very rarely, then a “cheap” one is likely good enough to achieve the desired effect. However a photographer or videographer who uses ND filters on a regular basis, let alone multiple ND filters of different densities or sizes, would be wise to invest in a filter set that is as color-neutral as possible, and also consistent between each filter.

Although we had a special screening, at the time of the report, several of the nominated docs weren’t available to the general public, because one of several rules that exist is that the movie has to be seen in a traditional movie venue, not on TV, during a very specific time, before the nomination. – The Editors

Depth of fieldanddepth of focusPDF

For a given sensor size, the shorter the focal length, the wider the AFOV. Additionally, the shorter the focal length of the lens, the shorter the distance ...

Contrarily, Depth of Focus refers to characteristics of the projected image inside the camera at the location of the film or digital sensor. Robert L. Pfeiff, MFA Retired Professor of Photography (Rochester Institute of Technology and Banff School of Fine Arts)

Depth of focusin photography

At the risk of appearing a bit uninformed, I must ask if you could tell me when these rules changed and to what extent they have changed. Obviously, I can originate on tape now, but can I also project from tape or DVD? Richard Mangan Whitefish Bay, WI

A neutral density filter is, ideally, a neutral grey filter that has no effect on the image other than darkening it. (As opposed to UV filters, Polarizing Filters, and other special effects filters that may significantly influence the nature of the resulting image.)

One common type of aberration is chromatic aberration, which is related to color. Since the index of refraction of lenses depends on color or wavelength, images ...

As a matter of fact, Richard, the rules have changed. One change is the format in which the original source is recorded. We attended this year’s Academy Awards Documentary nominations, and all of the nominated documentaries were shot on video, using relatively affordable consumer or higher-end prosumer gear. They were then bumped up to acceptable formats and edited, using highly-professional software. See our Oscar report in our vidcast, Videomaker Presents, at www.videomaker.com/vidcast/55.

Depth of field vs depth of focuscamera

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As photographers, one of our most common problems is not having enough light. Whether we’re in a dark banquet hall or in a dark chapel, the obstacle of getting enough light for a properly exposed image has led us to spending thousands of dollars on top-notch camera sensors, flash units, remote triggers, video lights, wide-aperture lenses, and other equipment.

2) A Shallow Depth of Field in Broad Daylight – Let’s say you’re at your lowest aperture because you want your image to have a low depth of field.However, even at your lowest ISO, there is so much light in the scene that your image is over exposed, even at your fastest shutter speed. The reduction of light created by the ND Filter allows you to slow down your shutters and still stay at that f/1.2 – f/2.8 range.

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This cute but weird distinction between the terms Depth of Field and Depth of Focus is amusing but terribly in error. As I hope you recognize, Depth of Field refers to the appearance of relative image sharpness in the objects in the scene toward which the lens is pointed. While there are certain generally accepted norms for describing this, there is a lot of room for definition and interpretation.

Now before you run out and buy a Neutral Density Filter, note that this is probably not the most important filter to have in your bag. I would argue that that Polarizing Filters or the UV Haze Filters are more important for your lenses, as they actually improve the quality of your images and protect your lens glass. Furthermore, most of the results of the techniques mentioned above can be duplicated by some form or another; and if you’re strapped for cash, this might not be the first filter to jump on.However, if you see yourself having issues in any of the four situations mentioned above, you may want to consider picking up this filter.

Videomaker is always looking for talented, qualified writers. If you have a great idea you’d like to share with our readers, send it to editor@videomaker.com.

3)Venue Shots – Let’s say you’re shooting a wedding and you have 10 minutes to get your perfect venue shots. However, let’s say that the waiters and waitresses are not done setting up and they are still moving within your frame. Instead of having to rely on Photoshop to get them out of the scene, you can place your camera on a tripod, take the aperture down to its smallest possible aperture, decrease the ISO to its lowest ISO and use a long (30 second or so) shutter speed. However, your shutter speed can only be as long as the lighting in the room will allow, so theNeutral Density Filter might give you those extra stops needed to increase the shutter speed time long enough to blur out (essentially erase) the people in the scene. The moving people will magically disappear from your scene without the use ofPhotoshop, saving you hours of time in post production.

Your wish is our command, Csar. Next month’s Basic Training column will have an article on Low Budget Big Bang productions, followed by a Sound Advice column on Bargain Basement audio in the October issue. Stay tuned! – The Editors