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A Foucault knife edge test is a method used to measure the curvature of a mirror or lens. It is named after the French physicist Léon Foucault, who developed the technique in the 19th century.

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White Diffusing Glass is a semi-opaque diffuser designed to create even illumination profiles. Unlike alternative materials, which create their diffusive properties through a coating or lamination process, the White Diffusing Glass is a solid diffuse material, allowing it to be used in any orientation. Because the surfaces are polished, the reflected light will be somewhat specular, while the transmitted light will be near-Lambertian. White Diffusing Glass is ideal for creating even illumination as an attenuator or as a viewing screen.

The knife edge is translated across the optical axis and the image of the light spot on a screen placed behind the lens or mirror is observed. As the knife edge is moved, the position of the light spot on the screen will change in a way that is related to the curvature of the lens or mirror. By measuring the position of the light spot on the screen as the knife edge is moved, it is possible to determine the curvature of the lens or mirror.

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The basic setup for a Foucault knife edge test consists of and illuminated pinhole size source, a knife edge, and the mirror or lens being tested. The pinhole source is placed at one center of curvature of a mirror (or say twice the focal distance of a lens), and the knife edge is placed near the image of the pinhole.