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Ellipticalpolarization

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A Fresnel lens replaces a traditional curved lens by adding concentric grooves to the surface of the lens, as seen below left. These grooves act as individual refracting surfaces that turn a light source into parallel rays that can be seen for very long distances, as in the case of the lighthouse. In our demo we take the light in the opposite direction. We face those grooves toward the sun, and its incoming parallel rays, to concentrate the light down to a single point. Fresnel lenses are mostly used for light gathering power not for precision imaging.

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The construction of beam and block floors is straightforward. The precast concrete beams are laid in rows with the ends supported by the blockwork inner ...

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Linear polarizationvs circularpolarization

Antiferromagnets are promising components for spintronics due to their terahertz resonance, multilevel states and absence of stray fields. However, the zero net magnetic moment of antiferromagnets makes the detection of the antiferromagnetic order and the investigation of fundamental spin properties notoriously difficult. Here, we report an optical detection of Néel vector orientation through an ultra-sharp photoluminescence in the van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3 from bulk to atomically thin flakes. The strong correlation between spin flipping and electric dipole oscillator results in a linear polarization of the sharp emission, which aligns perpendicular to the spin orientation in the crystal. By applying an in-plane magnetic field, we achieve manipulation of the photoluminescence polarization. This correlation between emitted photons and spins in layered magnets provides routes for investigating magneto-optics in two-dimensional materials, and hence opens a path for developing opto-spintronic devices and antiferromagnet-based quantum information technologies.

The primary emphasis is on the simplest type of laser beam, the Gaussian beam. Laser light is normally produced as a highly collimated beam, with the photons in ...

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Aug 28, 2011 — A graduate ND filter lets one reduce the brightness of the sky and get it captured nicely with the ground. ND filters are marked in multiplies ...

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Peer review information Nature Materials thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

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X.W. and X.L. conceived the experiment. X.W. carried out PL and absorption measurements. X.W., J.C. and Z.L. conducted the magneto-PL measurements with assistance from D.S. at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. J.C. and X.W. prepared samples. J.C., H.K., T.L. and Q.T. carried out the sample characterization. A.C. and S.S. performed theoretical calculations. M.W. performed the time-resolved PL measurement under the supervision of C.H.L.; X.W. and X.L. performed the analysis and interpretation of the data. All authors assisted in the interpretation of data and contributed to the writing of the manuscript.

Objectives: Learn more about a type of lens structure that can be lightweight, for its size, yet very powerful at the same time for the way it collects light.

The eyepiece is mounted directly over the objective lens. Some microscopes, like binoculars, have flexible eyepiece tubes that may be turned for optimal ...

Overview: A Fresnel lens can be looked at as many layers of lenses cut and stacked on top of each other. Creating a lens in this manner provides great collecting or great dispersion power. Lighthouses use Fresnel lenses to project light miles out into the ocean. In this demo, we turn that same lens around to collect and focus sun light into a spot that is so powerful that it will melt rocks. While Fresnel lenses can collect a lot of light in a compact lightweight package, they do not have very good resolution

Kuo, C.-T. et al. Exfoliation and Raman spectroscopic fingerprint of few-layer NiPS3 van der Waals crystals. Sci. Rep. 6, 20904 (2016).

CAUTION: IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT THAT EVERYONE WEARS SAFETY GOGGLES WITH THIS DEMO. Be sure to have extra people to ensure everyone (including volunteers!) wears safety goggles and does not touch anything that has been melted.

Wang, X., Cao, J., Lu, Z. et al. Spin-induced linear polarization of photoluminescence in antiferromagnetic van der Waals crystals. Nat. Mater. 20, 964–970 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-00968-7

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Linear polarizationantenna

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. 1945364. X.W. and X.L. acknowledge the financial support from Boston University and the Photonics Center at Boston University. The transmission electron microscopy imaging was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Systems, a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation under award no. 1541959. The Center for Nanoscale Systems is part of Harvard University. A.C. and S.S. acknowledge financial support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences Early Career Program under award no. DE-SC0018080. We acknowledge the computational resources through the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment, which is supported by National Science Foundation grant no. ACI-1548562; and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a US Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Z.L. and D.S. acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy (no. DE-FG02-07ER46451) for high-field magnetospectroscopy measurements performed at National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation through NSF/DMR-1644779 and the state of Florida. C.H.L. acknowledges support from the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (ACS PRF No. 61640-ND6).

Source data are provided with this paper. All other data that support results in this article are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

Jungwirth, T., Marti, X., Wadley, P. & Wunderlich, J. Antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 231–241 (2016).

Linear polarizationof light

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Circularpolarization

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