These are great demos in that they not only illustrate some fundamental properties of light, but that they also provide for many variations of the set-up.  The distances and angles shown provide a starting point for experimentation.  For example, increasing the distances will enlarge the spectrum display – but, which works best to do this?

Dispersion oflightthrough prism

It is important that the heights (the centerlines) of the bulb filament and the slit be the same.  And since the bulb’s filament will be four or five inches above the bench top, some large books or other flat objects can be stacked so the vertical center of the optical components match the center height of the slit.

Glass prism

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Types of prism

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Diffraction grating definition: a band of equidistant, parallel lines, usually more than 5000 per inch (2000 per centimeter), ruled on a glass or polished ...

Prismlightrefraction

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My goal iis project for best appearance rainbows of color either inward from the 4 sides using up 16 total, with 4 prisms each side slit and lighting.

The STOPS can be hand-held or taped to small blocks of wood.  In either case, the vertical edges that block the light must be parallel to the color lines so only one color is passed.

I thought that when the spectrum went through the second prism the result was white light. Is there any way that the spectrum can return to white light?

What is the frequency of red light that has a wavelength of 650 nm? What is the index of refraction of a material in which the red-light wavelength is 450 nm?

What is prism in Physics

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For visible light, which property changes with color

Isaac Newton also wondered if the colors of the spectrum could be recombined to again make white light.  To do this he used a second prism arranged as shown.  He proved that this was possible.  What’s interesting is that the light beams exiting the second prism are not on the same line, but they are PARALLEL.  And, because the slit is not infinitely narrow, these beams are not infinitely narrow and therefore can mix to create white light.

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The displays are of a very high order! Thank you for such lucid explanation of the phenomenon of diffraction.I shall use them to explain to my students.Thank you.

These experiments can be done as a demo for the class as a whole, but even better, since the components are so inexpensive, several set-ups can be provided for lab groups of three or four students.  Equally fun for the instructor is the creation of the lab worksheet guiding the students through the investigations.

The light source and slit are arranged as shown.  A fairly narrow (1/4”) color spectrum will be displayed on the ground glass.  Note that the light beams are DIVERGENT.

The color spectrum from one prism is now passed through a second prism.  The various color beams are further spread to result in a somewhat wider (5/16”) spectrum display on the ground glass.  The light beams are even further DIVERGENT.

Types of opticalprisms

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I built a colorful led lit computer in a open case with clear top (ThermalTake P3) thats about 18 inches square I bought 2 7.8″ long prisms on ebay to begin to experiment with before buying 16 total to try to form to rows backlit by perhaps a long tubular or row of tiny halogen 12vdc bulbs behind a slit.

Marty Sagendorf is a retired physicist and teacher; he is a firm believer in the value of hands-on experiences when learning physics.  He authored the book Physics Demonstration Apparatus.  This amazing book is available from Educational Innovations – it includes ideas and construction details for the creation and use of a wide spectrum of awe-inspiring physics demonstrations and laboratory equipment.  Included are 49 detailed sections describing hands-on apparatus illustrating mechanical, electrical, acoustical, thermal, optical, gravitational, and magnetic topics.  This book also includes sections on tips and hints, materials sources, and reproducible labels.

Types oflight prisms

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A standard tungsten filament light bulb will not work as well as a halogen bulb – the halogen provides a much better spectrum.  Rotate the bulb to obtain the highest illumination of the slit.

I am part of a local amateur astronomy organization in cedar Rapids, Iowa our facility has a large classroom area. This year we have added a new exhibit ‘Lessons In Light’ using some grant funding from another local organization. We purchased the large acrylic prisms from this web site along with a roll of single axis grating film. A key area of our new exhibit is the experiments described on this page. We held our first public event this past Saturday evening, once our guest speaker wrapped up I stood by our exhibit and explained what people were looking at and encouraging the kids to try and move the prisms to explore on their own. We used an old 35mm slide projector with a slide mounted slit for our source. It worked really well and produced large easy to see spectrum. The opening night for our exhibit was a big hit.

Most everyone knows that an equilateral prism will refract white light into its constituent colors: a spectrum ranging from red to violet.  But, if one uses two prisms, there’s much more to be discovered.

Isaac Newton wondered if any single color of a spectrum could be further broken into more colors.  To investigate this, he placed ‘STOPS’ in the light beams between the two prisms – allowing only one color to pass to the second prism.  The result was that once white light was broken down into its constituent colors, the colors could not be further broken down.  Here only one STOP is used – leaving only red, with a small fringe of blue.

The distances shown in the illustrations work well.  The distances to the ground glass can be increased for larger images, but with subsequent decreases of image intensity.  Obviously, a darker room will allow easier viewing of fainter spectrums.  As shown in this photo:

This entry was posted on Saturday, November 26th, 2011 at 8:36 pm and is filed under High School level, Middle School level, Physics. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.

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