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We thank Y. Liu and K. R. Siefermann for their helpful participation in preparatory studies, D. R. Solli and G. Herink for fruitful discussions, P. Simon, E. Lugovoy and V. Radisch for technical support and equipment, and Venteon Femtosecond Laser Technologies for providing a laser oscillator for initial experiments. Financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG-ZUK 45/1 and SFB 755) is gratefully acknowledged.

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The PSG-001 uses a design based on magneto-optic rotators to quickly and repeatably generate the 6 Poincaré sphere pole point polarization states. It is a compact module suitable for integration into test instruments or systems that use Mueller or Jones matrix measurements. The output state of polarization is controlled via a 6-bit TTL signal.

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I also use a wide angle lens for photographing the interiors of buildings. Adobe Stock. Page 5. Cividale del Friuli| 10 mm. A focal length ...

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Institute of Materials Physics and Courant Research Center Nano-Spectroscopy and X-Ray Imaging, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

Explore Authentic Mirror Surface Stock Photos & Images For Your Project Or Campaign. Less Searching, More Finding With Getty Images.

Our Helium-Neon (HeNe) lasers provide high-quality, stable output in the Green (543nm), Yellow (594nm), and Red (633nm) spectral ranges. With output powers up ...

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M.S., B.A. and C.R. conceived and designed the experiment. M.S. and M.D. prepared the nanostructures and conducted the experiments. M.S., M.D. and C.R. analysed the measured data. M.S. and C.R. wrote the manuscript, with contributions from M.D. and B.A. All authors were involved in intensive discussions at all stages of the study.

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Our Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) offer an expansive wavelength range from MWIR to LWIR (≈4-17µm), meeting the demands of gas sensing, spectroscopy, defense, ...

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Yaw, pitch, and roll rotations.

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A microlens array is commonly used for homogenizing and shaping a variety of modern light emitters ranging from a line-narrowed excimer lasers to high power ...

Strong-field phenomena in optical nanostructures have enabled the integration of nanophotonics, plasmonics and attosecond spectroscopy. For example, tremendous excitement was sparked by reports of nanostructure-enhanced high-harmonic generation. However, there is growing tension between the great promise held by extreme-ultraviolet and attosecond-pulse generation on the nanoscale, and the lack of successful implementations. Here, we address this problem in a study of highly nonlinear optical processes in gas-exposed bow-tie nanoantennas. We find multiphoton- and strong-field-induced atomic excitation and ionization resulting in extreme-ultraviolet fluorescence, as well as third- and fifth-harmonic generation intrinsic to the nanostructures. Identifying the intensity-dependent spectral fingerprint of atomic fluorescence, we gauge local plasmonic fields. Whereas intensities sufficient for high-harmonic generation are indeed achieved in the near-field, the nanoscopic volume is found to prohibit an efficient conversion. Our results illustrate opportunities and challenges in highly nonlinear plasmonics and its extension to the extreme ultraviolet.

Sivis, M., Duwe, M., Abel, B. et al. Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures. Nature Phys 9, 304–309 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2590

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