When you use a camera lens with a short focal length, such as 18mm, your resulting photo has a wider angle of view. Lenses with longer focal lengths, such as ...

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SWIR stands for Short-Wavelength Infrared, it’s spectrum covers 1µm to 3µm. The SWIR wavelength are used for long distance communications.

Khonina, S.N.; Kazanskiy, N.L.; Khorin, P.A.; Butt, M.A. Modern Types of Axicons: New Functions and Applications. Sensors 2021, 21, 6690. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196690

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Infrared optics are reputed for not being cheap, which limit their application especially for high quantities and complexe shapes (aspherical). Fortunately, chalcogenide glass is a good alternative to more commun materials like germaniun for far infrared applications. Chalcogenide glass, mainly made of S, Se, As, Ge and Te have low softening temperature which enable this material to be molded. While chalcogenide glass itself may be more expensive than Germanium, by molding it, it  can be used to get high quantities, affordable aspherical optics.

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Moreover, as infrared range is quite wide, IR optics can be divided in different groups according to their applications.

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Two orthogonal linear polarization states that are most important for reflection and transmission are referred to as p- and s-polarization. s-Polarized light ( ...

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Infrared refers to electromagnetic radiations with wavelength spectrum between 750nm and 1mm. The name cames from the infrared spectrum covers radiations of smaller frequencies than the smallest visible wavelengths view as red by the human eye.

Khonina, Svetlana N., Nikolay L. Kazanskiy, Pavel A. Khorin, and Muhammad A. Butt. 2021. "Modern Types of Axicons: New Functions and Applications" Sensors 21, no. 19: 6690. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196690

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Khonina SN, Kazanskiy NL, Khorin PA, Butt MA. Modern Types of Axicons: New Functions and Applications. Sensors. 2021; 21(19):6690. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196690

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As we have seen above, IR optical components relates to many different kind of components and materials. Most of the precision optics suppliers do provide optical components for infrared application whereas some supplier specialized in IR material manufacturing (Ge, Si, ZnSe, CaF2, MgF2 etc..)

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Khonina SN, Kazanskiy NL, Khorin PA, Butt MA. Modern Types of Axicons: New Functions and Applications. Sensors. 2021; 21(19):6690. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196690

Khonina, Svetlana N., Nikolay L. Kazanskiy, Pavel A. Khorin, and Muhammad A. Butt. 2021. "Modern Types of Axicons: New Functions and Applications" Sensors 21, no. 19: 6690. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196690

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NIR stands for Near Infrared, by near it refers to it’s closeness to visible spectrum. The NIR spectrum covers 750nm to 1µm.  These wavelengths are used in the night vision technology and telecommunications.

If you have heard of LIDAR, night vision, thermal camera or spectroscopy, you may understand that infrared applications surround us and are poised to a steady development in the near future. As most of the Photonics applications, infrared applications need optical elements.

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There are different grades of chalcogenide glass available on the market with optical index ranging from 2.49 to 3.13 (lower than Germanium ones) and densities from 4.4 g/cm3 to 5.3 g/cm3. Dimensions of molded chalcogenide glass lenses can range from 5mm to 25mm diameter.

Khonina, S.N.; Kazanskiy, N.L.; Khorin, P.A.; Butt, M.A. Modern Types of Axicons: New Functions and Applications. Sensors 2021, 21, 6690. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196690

Abstract: Axicon is a versatile optical element for forming a zero-order Bessel beam, including high-power laser radiation schemes. Nevertheless, it has drawbacks such as the produced beam’s parameters being dependent on a particular element, the output beam’s intensity distribution being dependent on the quality of element manufacturing, and uneven axial intensity distribution. To address these issues, extensive research has been undertaken to develop nondiffracting beams using a variety of advanced techniques. We looked at four different and special approaches for creating nondiffracting beams in this article. Diffractive axicons, meta-axicons-flat optics, spatial light modulators, and photonic integrated circuit-based axicons are among these approaches. Lately, there has been noteworthy curiosity in reducing the thickness and weight of axicons by exploiting diffraction. Meta-axicons, which are ultrathin flat optical elements made up of metasurfaces built up of arrays of subwavelength optical antennas, are one way to address such needs. In addition, when compared to their traditional refractive and diffractive equivalents, meta-axicons have a number of distinguishing advantages, including aberration correction, active tunability, and semi-transparency. This paper is not intended to be a critique of any method. We have outlined the most recent advancements in this field and let readers determine which approach best meets their needs based on the ease of fabrication and utilization. Moreover, one section is devoted to applications of axicons utilized as sensors of optical properties of devices and elements as well as singular beams states and wavefront features. Keywords: diffractive axicons; spatial light modulator; meta-axicons; nondiffracting beams; photonic integrated circuit based axicons; sensors based on axicons

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The short answer is optical components that are used in infrared wavelength. They are particular because infrared wavelength are by definition not visible with human eyes. Therefore specific equipment are required to asses them.

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As the range of IR radiation is quite large, further division of the spectrum is done, each corresponding to certain characteristics. Below shows the detail of each IR subdivision.

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One other interesting characteristic of chalcogenide glass is it’s low temperature dependency of it’s refractive index (dn/dT), which means that the material optical properties will be more stable with change of temperature.

Thermal IR are wavelength used for thermal imaging application, their range may varies according to the applications but commonly covers MWIR & LWIR.