Focal length calculatorlenses

The first one is simple: just change the lens for other lenses with different focal lengths. To make that easier in an optical test, Arducam has released lens kits that packed the lens of different focal lengths into a small box.

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If you are a lens maker, you can design the lens elements with differently curved surfaces to alter the focal length. If you are not, you cannot directly change the focal length, because once a lens element is manufactured, its specs are fixed. Although you cannot change the focal length on the elementary level, you still have two ways to change the effective focal length of the optical system.

Field of View (FoV) usually refers to the field an image sensor captures. It is not a constant value because further scene results in a larger captured field. Therefore, FoV is usually represented in angles of view – the larger, the wider. The lens casts an image circle while the sensor captures a rectangular section, so the native FoV of the lens is different from the field the sensor captures. Most times, the sensor crops a rectangular section inside the image circle. For the fisheye lens, the image circle is totally inside the rectangle so that the sensor captures the whole cast field.

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Another method is to use a zoom lens. On a certain image sensor, to increase or decrease the focal length means to zoom in or out on the image. Unlike lenses with a fixed focal length (also known as prime lenses), the zoom lens comes with moveable elements inside, so the elements can move closer or further to alter the effective focal length.

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The light cast to the image sensor forms a circle of light, also known as the image circle. Most times, we want the image circle large enough to shed light on the whole image sensor, otherwise, we will see dark areas on the edges of the image. However, for some fisheye lenses, we want the whole image circle inside the image sensor frame so that we never miss any detail of the whole 180-degree hemisphere.

The focal length of a lens indicates its ability to converge light, and it’s measured by the distance between the lens center and focal point. The shorter the distance is, the more sharply it bends the light, and the larger field it’ll be able to squeeze into its image circle. As M12 lenses are made up of several pieces of glass (or plastic), the term “effective focal length (EFL)” is used to present this ability.

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It’s also common to have a lens with a larger optical format than the image sensor format. However, the field outside the sensor rectangle will be missed, resulting in a smaller field of view. With lenses of the same optical format, the smaller the sensor is, the smaller the field of view we will get. If the optical format is smaller than the sensor format, dark unexposed surroundings will occur, but it’s helpful to capture the whole field of the fisheye lenses.

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To capture the best frame on embedded cameras, the key is to capture an appropriate Field of View (FoV). FoV is highly dependent on the lens focal length because the image sensor catches the field squeezed into the image circle by the lens. A shorter focal length means the lens can squeeze more fields into its image circle within a certain distance. As focal length represents the ability to converge light, lenses with the same focal length will similarly bend the light, resulting in a similar field of view on a certain format of sensors.

Mirrors and optics with reflective coatings are employed in many different industries and applications. Broadly speaking, they shine in the realm of photonics, providing solutions for imaging and lighting, and assisting in research and development. Given their ability to manipulate the path of a beam in optical systems, mirrors are vital in laser applications. This in turn benefits fields such as health technology, space exploration and materials processing. The worlds of sensor technology and semiconductors could not function without these optical mirrors.

Focal length Calculatortelescope

An object is seen by reflecting the light from a light source (such as a bulb or the sun) or being the light source. The camera lens can transmit and cast the light from the object to an image sensor, which will then produce an image.

When mirrors with even higher reflectivity are needed, we employ dielectric materials. They can reflect up to 99.9% of light while heating up less than their metallic counterparts. Furthermore, dielectric mirror coatings provide precise control over transmitted wavelengths. These mirrors are crafted for various angles of incidence, and offer a stress-minimized and durable solution, especially for applications with high laser power.

The focal length of a camera is the distance from the center of the lens to the focal points. If the focal points are closer to the lens center, it means the lens has more optical power to converge the light. The stronger the power, the wider field, and there is a mapping relationship between the Field of View and the focal length. Since the light is captured from the scene and cast to the image sensor in the same way, the triangles formed while the light enters and exits the lens are similar. Therefore, we can use the estimated field size and distance to calculate the focal length.

Focal length calculatorsensor size

Sensor format refers to the size and aspect ratio of an image sensor, usually with fractions such as 1/4”, 1/3”, 1/2.5”. The 1/4” image sensor has a diagonal of 4.5mm (the 1/4” of 18mm), and an aspect ratio of 4:3. The lens optical format describes the lens image circle with a similar measurement, except that the sensor format is measured by the diagonal while the lens optical format represents the lens image circle’s diameter. Therefore, if the lens optical format equals the image sensor format, the image circle is just large enough to produce a decent image without poorly exposed dark pixels on the corners.

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we also offer coated mirror elements as well as dielectric mirrors with reflective properties exceeding 99% customized for individual wavelengths, two wavelengths, and the broadband range. Additionally, we provide coating solutions for both VIS and IR ranges.

If you need help with the Arducam products you’ve purchased, please include the following questions in your post and answer them to help us better understand your needs.

In an ideal case, the lens optical format would equal the sensor format, where the sensor’s diagonal equals the image circle’s diameter, so the diagonal field of view of the sensor (DFoV) equals the native FoV of the lens.

The lens optical format decides the size of the image circle where the whole field will be squeezed into, and the sensor format decides the rectangular area to catch the image circle. In most camera setups, the sensor rectangular area crops a section inside the image circle.

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Coating surfaces with reflective metals such as aluminium (Al), silver (Ag) or gold (Au) is referred to as metallic mirror or reflective coating. Metallic mirrors achieve around 96% reflectivity, with the remaining light (about 4%) typically absorbed, causing the mirror to heat up under intense light. The advantage of metallic mirrors lies in their cost-effectiveness and broad reflectivity, making them suitable for devices such as spectrometers and telescopes. Different metals serve different applications: aluminium provides high reflectivity for UV light, while silver, with its minimal light absorption in the VIS and NIR spectrum, is a go-to for budget-conscious systems. For the NIR range, chemically resistant gold-coated optical mirrors are preferred. Considering the lower mechanical strength and chemical resistance of metal coatings, it’s beneficial to additionally protect them with a dielectric layer.

Anti-reflective coatings are a critical addition when optical components need high transmission – for instance, to reduce reflection losses within the beam direction of optical systems. Different types range from single coatings to multi-layered systems and reflection-minimizing optical coatings, which are particularly suited for laser applications. Specifically, V-coatings are employed in laser applications to safeguard the optics from damage.

Optical mirrors find wide applications across numerous industries such as imaging, lighting, interferometry, life sciences and semiconductors. At asphericon, we meticulously craft a range of precision mirrors including laser mirrors, IR mirrors and aspherical reflectors. We source an array of bespoke materials for these mirrors, from various types of glass to silicon and ZERODUR®. Our extensive collection of high-end optical coatings ensures high reflection at your desired wavelengths or ranges.