OpticalEngineering

This collection contains rare, valuable, and important works held in the Thomas J. Watson Library and other curatorial department libraries at The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Opticallens

At top: Photograph [5], Agra Fort and Taj Mahal (detail), from [An album of photographs of Indian architecture, views and people], 19th century.

Late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century publications and ephemera from the various early iterations of Tiffany and Company.

25.0: Prelude to Geometric OpticsWhen light interacts with an object that is several times as large as the light’s wavelength, its observable behavior is like that of a ray; it does not prominently display its wave characteristics. We call this part of optics “geometric optics.” This chapter will concentrate on such situations. When light interacts with smaller objects, it has very prominent wave characteristics, such as constructive and destructive interference. "Wave Optics" will concentrate on such situations.25.1: The Ray Aspect of LightA straight line that originates at some point is called a ray. The part of optics dealing with the ray aspect of light is called geometric optics. Light can travel in three ways from a source to another location: (1) directly from the source through empty space; (2) through various media; (3) after being reflected from a mirror.25.2: The Law of ReflectionThe angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. A mirror has a smooth surface and reflects light at specific angles. Light is diffused when it reflects from a rough surface. Mirror images can be photographed and videotaped by instruments.25.3: The Law of RefractionThe changing of a light ray’s direction when it passes through variations in matter is called refraction. The speed of light in vacuuum  \(c = 2.9972458 \times 10^{8} \sim 3.00 \times 10^{8} m/s\) Index of refraction \(n = \frac{c}{v}\), where \(v\) is the speed of light in the material, \(c\) is the speed of light in vacuum, and \(n\) is the index of refraction. Snell’s law, the law of refraction, is stated in equation form as \(n_{1} \sin_{\theta_{1}} = n_{2} \sin_{\theta_{2}}\).25.4: Total Internal ReflectionThe incident angle that produces an angle of refraction of \(90^{\circ}\) is called critical angle. Total internal reflection is a phenomenon that occurs at the boundary between two mediums, such that if the incident angle in the first medium is greater than the critical angle, then all the light is reflected back into that medium. Fiber optics involves the transmission of light down fibers of plastic or glass, applying the principle of total internal reflection.25.5: Dispersion - Rainbows and PrismsThe spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths is called dispersion. Rainbows are produced by a combination of refraction and reflection and involve the dispersion of sunlight into a continuous distribution of colors. Dispersion produces beautiful rainbows but also causes problems in certain optical systems.25.6: Image Formation by LensesLight rays entering a converging lens parallel to its axis cross one another at a single point on the opposite side. For a converging lens, the focal point is the point at which converging light rays cross; for a diverging lens, the focal point is the point from which diverging light rays appear to originate. The distance from the center of the lens to its focal point is called the focal length \(f\). Power \(P\) of a lens is defined to be the inverse of its focal length, \(P = \frac{1}{f}\).25.7: Image Formation by MirrorsImages in flat mirrors are the same size as the object and are located behind the mirror. Like lenses, mirrors can form a variety of images. For example, dental mirrors may produce a magnified image, just as makeup mirrors do. Security mirrors in shops, on the other hand, form images that are smaller than the object. We will use the law of reflection to understand how mirrors form images, and we will find that mirror images are analogous to those formed by lenses.25.E: Geometric Optics (Exercises)

optics期刊

Rare monographs, auction catalogs, museum collection catalogs and archaeological treatises on Egyptian and classical antiquities.

History of optics

Titles that reflect the subject matter and wide geographical breadth of Goldwater Library's collection and the curatorial department it serves, The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing.

The Paper Legacy Project documents the work and histories of prominent professional American decorative paper artists active from the late 1960s to the present.

Geometrical optics describes light propagation in terms of rays, which is useful in approximating the paths along which light propagates in certain classes of circumstances. Geometrical optics does not account for certain optical effects such as diffraction and interference.

898 catalogs and checklists published by Knoedler between 1869 and 1946, comprising almost fourteen thousand pages of content.

Wave optics

Optical

Over 450 exhibition checklists and pamphlets from 1895-1953, held by the Thomas J. Watson Library and the Frick Art Reference Library.

Scrapbooks of newspaper obituaries of American and European artists, 1906-1929, compiled by Met curator Arthur D’Hervilly and other Museum staff.

Primarily from nineteenth- and early-twentieth century Russia or the Ukraine, this collection includes a wide array of themes and formats.

optics中文

Rare Books in The Robert Goldwater Library Titles that reflect the subject matter and wide geographical breadth of Goldwater Library's collection and the curatorial department it serves, The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing.

Optics

A complete set of all known publications produced by The Museum of Primitive Art from its founding in 1957 to its closing in 1974.

Early Pictorialism exhibition catalogs, checklists and announcements from the Intimate Gallery and An American Place, and several early manuals and trade catalogs on photography.

The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by NICE CXone Expert and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Legal. Accessibility Statement For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org.

This page titled 25: Geometric Optics is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.

Twelve issues of this seminal mid-nineteenth century British journal of “art, literature, decoration and the accomplishments” illustrated with original chromolithographic prints.

Gifts from J. Pierpont Morgan, Samuel Putnam Avery, and other founders and early trustees of the Museum established the foundation of the Libraries' rare book collections. Generous donors provide funding for the continuing growth of this already strong collection of treatises on art and architecture, early travel books, archaeological studies, rare collection catalogs, early trade catalogs, artists’ manuals and handbooks, complete runs of seminal journals, fencing books, scrapbooks, fine bindings, and examples of fine printing.

Seventy exhibition catalogs published between 1920 and 1936, when the Kraushaar Gallery was located at 680 Fifth Avenue in New York City.