Ray approximation

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Marginal ray

Optical grade fiber plastic optics are designed to provide higher transmission in the visible region of the spectrum. They can be used for a wide range of applications, from general industrial light guides to short-distance data transmission. The fiber is tough and flexible but is not designed to bear loads.

Given these information, I would say that, using the fastest lenses possible, I would need a first lens with radius R1=L and a focal length of F1=2L (so that the F/1 requirement is satisfied), while the second lens should have a focal length of F2=|M|F1, a distance from the first of d=F1+F2 and a radius of R2=|M|L. However, I am not sure how to retrieve the Lagrange invariant (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange_invariant) from this theoretical design: for once, since the system is afocal, the object should be at infinity, thus how can the marginal ray be defined? Moreover, in this case both the first and the second lens limit the marginal rays of the system, and being the object at infinity I am not sure how should it be tilted (shouldn't it be parallel to the optical axis? But then wouldn't it coincide with the chief ray?).

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Ray optical

Plastic optical fibers (POF) are made from materials like PMMA (acrylic), polystyrene, or polycarbonates. They are used as multimode fibers for short or moderate distance optical communications and as light pipes for various applications.

Plastic optical fiber (POF), made from polymer, transmits light through its core, similar to glass optical fiber. POF typically has diameters between 0.25 mm and 1.5 mm and is often terminated with a probe or threaded tip on the sensing end. Plastic fiber optics are more flexible, less expensive. They are suitable for tight spaces and can be cut to length in the field. They can also be easily assembled to fit specific applications, making them versatile for various uses.

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Lagrangianinvariantunder transformation

Optical grade fiber plastic optics are designed to provide higher transmission in the visible region of the spectrum. They can be used for a wide range of applications, from general industrial light guides to short-distance data transmission. The fiber is tough and flexible but is not designed to bear loads.

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Optical throughput

I can't fully answer this question, but I did find this helpful diagram which answers part of it...(on p 28 of this PDF)

I am solving an optics exercise that requires to design a Keplerian telescope with a given magnification M (negative), a certain object size L and the restriction of not having lenses faster than F/1 (wavelength of the signal and resolution are also given, but they are used for solve successive questions). In particular, the exercise requires to retrieve the NA of the objective lens from the optical invariant of the system.

Plastic optical fiber (POF), made from polymer, transmits light through its core, similar to glass optical fiber. POF typically has diameters between 0.25 mm and 1.5 mm and is often terminated with a probe or threaded tip on the sensing end. Plastic fiber optics are more flexible, less expensive. They are suitable for tight spaces and can be cut to length in the field. They can also be easily assembled to fit specific applications, making them versatile for various uses.

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13 suppliers for plastic optical fibers (POF) are listed in the RP Photonics Buyer's Guide, out of which 2 present their product descriptions. Both manufacturers and distributors can be registered.