X raycollimator diagram

As with two dimensional space the standard \(\left( {x,y,z} \right)\) coordinate system is called the Cartesian coordinate system. In the last two sections of this chapter we’ll be looking at some alternate coordinate systems for three dimensional space.

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Collimation is crucial in X-ray imaging to reduce scatter radiation and improve image quality.When X-rays pass through an object, they interact with the atoms and produce scattered radiation that can reduce the contrast and resolution of the image. Collimation is the process of limiting the X-ray beam to only the area of interest, reducing the amount of scatter radiation and improving the image quality.Collimators are devices that are placed between the X-ray source and the patient to shape and restrict the X-ray beam. They can be adjustable to match the size and shape of the area being imaged, or fixed to a specific size and shape.In addition to improving image quality, collimation also reduces the radiation dose to the patient and the operator. By limiting the X-ray beam to only the necessary area, the amount of radiation exposure is reduced, making the procedure safer for everyone involved.It is important to note that proper collimation techniques should always be used in X-ray imaging to ensure accurate diagnosis and safe radiation exposure levels. A-Level Physics students should understand the principles of collimation and its importance in medical imaging.

In two dimensions we know that this is a circle of radius 5. Since we are now in three dimensions and there is no \(z\) in equation this means it is allowed to vary freely. So, for any given \(z\) we will have a circle of radius 5 centered on the \(z\)-axis.

Likewise, if we have a point in Cartesian coordinates the cylindrical coordinates can be found by using the following conversions.

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What iscollimationin radiology

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The third equation is just an acknowledgement that the \(z\)-coordinate of a point in Cartesian and polar coordinates is the same.

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Again, this one won’t be too bad if we convert back to Cartesian. For reasons that will be apparent eventually, we’ll first square both sides, then convert.

We’ll start off with the cylindrical coordinate system. This one is fairly simple as it is nothing more than an extension of polar coordinates into three dimensions. Not only is it an extension of polar coordinates, but we extend it into the third dimension just as we extend Cartesian coordinates into the third dimension. All that we do is add a \(z\) on as the third coordinate. The \(r\) and \(\theta\) are the same as with polar coordinates.

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The conversions for \(x\) and \(y\) are the same conversions that we used back when we were looking at polar coordinates. So, if we have a point in cylindrical coordinates the Cartesian coordinates can be found by using the following conversions.

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use of collimator in x-ray

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