Production monitoring—Understanding production and production interference is critical to maintaining an accurate evergreen reservoir model. Using either temporarily or permanently deployed fiber optics enables you to understand production in the time domain across the full reservoir. Optiq solutions can be used as robust stand-alone production monitoring solutions in combination with production logging tools for increased confidence in your reservoir performance.

In all modern eyepiece designs, the field lens is placed a sufficient distance away from the intermediate image plane to ensure that dust or other surface debris and defects on the lens surface are not visualized along with the specimen. The top lens in both eyepiece designs is referred to as the eye lens because it is closest to the eye of the observer.

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Optiq fiber-optic solutions cover distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), distributed temperature sensing (DTS), distributed temperature gradient sensing (DTGS), and distributed strain and temperature sensing (DSTS) systems for a wide range of applications across energy industries—including oil and gas, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), geothermal energy production, and mining.

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Well integrity assessment—We don’t just stop at locating the leak in your completions. We have the ability to understand the cause and remediate accordingly by combining high- and low-frequency fiber-optic data with our wireline ultrasonic, spectroscopy, and caliper corrosion measurements.

Stimulation effectiveness monitoring—With Optiq StreamLINE polymer-locked fiber-optic wireline conveyance, it is now possible to measure cluster efficiency in the treatment well and strain in an observation well with a simplified operation and smaller pressure equipment footprint. This is a cost-efficient solution that does not depend on permanent fiber-optic installation in your unconventional wells.

In most cases, the eyepiece field diaphragm opening diameter determines the view field size. The field size in the specimen plane is then defined as the field number divided by the magnification of the objective:

This further enriches the model while giving you an evergreen ecosystem where multidisciplinary knowledge is derived from measurements captured at the speed of light.

The use of fiber-optic sensing and its capabilities are being maximized now more than ever within the energy industry. Traditional measurements typically rely on discrete sensors that measure at certain points, whereas distributed sensing technology uses fiber-optic strands as the sensor. This enables continuous, real-time measurements to be captured along the entire length of a fiber-optic strand.

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SLB has applied a century of subsurface measurements experience to develop and deploy the industry’s only deployment-agnostic fiber-optic solutions. Optiq solutions can be seamlessly integrated with any existing fiber-optic infrastructure (such as in pipeline integrity monitoring) or by using our unique temporary or permanent fiber-optic deployments.

Learn how an operator accurately characterized a reservoir, making informed decisions within operational time. View

If an auxiliary lens is inserted between the objective and eyepiece, the magnification factor of this lens should also be employed in the equation by multiplication with the objective magnification (prior to the division operation). Although the field number is usually limited by the magnification and field diaphragm (stop) size of the eyepiece, there is clearly a limit that is also imposed by the design of the objective lens system. In early microscope objectives, the maximum usable field diameter tended to be about 18 millimeters or considerably less, but with modern plan apochromats and other specialized flat-field objectives, the maximum usable field can sometimes exceed 28 millimeters.

Nikon offers a range of eyepiece options featuring magnification and field of view combinations tailored towards a variety of applications.

The diameter of the field in an optical microscope is expressed by the field-of-view number, or simply the field number, which is the diameter of the view field in millimeters measured at the intermediate image plane.

In modern microscope eyepieces, the field diaphragm either precedes the optical system or is located between the lens element groups, as illustrated in Figure 1. This figure presents cutaway diagrams of a Ramsden and Huygens eyepiece showing ray traces through the field lens, eye lens, and field diaphragm. The Ramsden eyepiece (illustrated on the right in Figure 1) has an optical system consisting of two plano-convex lenses having a fixed separation distance according to their focal lengths. The first lens is termed the field lens because it is closer to the plane where the intermediate image is formed in the microscope. The field diaphragm is located between the tube opening and the field lens in the Ramsden eyepiece design.

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Jul 24, 2024 — The Diffraction Grating Equation · n is the order of the maxima, the number of the maxima away from the central (n = 0) · d is the distance ...

Flowback monitoring and more—Flowback monitoring can be the first indication of reservoir performance after stimulation and provides important inputs to validate stimulation models and success. For coiled-tubing-, wireline-, and permanently deployed fiber optics, it is now possible to have the fiber in the well during regular hydraulic fracturing and matrix acidizing while continuing to monitor the flowback immediately after stimulation. Having flowback insights in relevant time can assist in optimizing field development.

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Fresnel Technologies' micro-lens arrays are well suited for optical diffuser use. We also offer diffusers for more unique optical applications.

Optiq TuffLINE conveyance offers the industry’s highest pulling capacity of 18,000-lbf safe working load. It enables fiber-optic borehole seismic acquisition during any wireline evaluation descent in any environment, including deep water.

Injection monitoring—Understanding injection across your reservoir is a foundational step in predicting the production for unconventional plays. Uniform injection can also be critical for the performance and economics of CCS, geothermal, and saltwater disposal projects. You can also use fiber optics to monitor out-of-zone injection (OOZI) to verify caprock integrity and identify whether new fractures are created during injection. Optiq solutions enable a common experience across all your injection monitoring projects.

Industry-unique Optiq solutions are used for many applications in upstream oil and gas and can be easily integrated with our nonfiber-optic comprehensive measurements, products, and services for rich, evergreen insights. These microsolutions include the following:

The large volume of data produced with fiber optics can be challenging to manage and often results in long processing times with answer products that require fiber-optic expertise to interpret before you can make decisions. Now, you can overcome these challenges using Optiq solutions’ unified end-to-end workflows—from planning, execution, processing, and data integration—to deliver in-time multidomain insights for better decision making:

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The award-winning ACTive Power system uses unique fiber-optic packaging to enable pumping of corrosive, abrasive, and highly viscous fluids, including cement. Delivering more than distributed measurements, it seamlessly integrates downhole sensors and provides well diagnostics and intervention capabilities in one system.

The application of MWIR lens: IR lens has a wide range of applications, which can be used as infrared for a special purpose or as a normal lens. In other words, ...

Borehole seismic data acquisition—For reservoir delineation and field development optimization, a reservoir engineer can now integrate borehole seismic data into their evergreen reservoir model using Optiq Seismic fiber-optic borehole seismic solution across the life cycle of the field. The deployment-agnostic Optiq Seismic solution acquires zero-offset, walkaway, 3D seismic, 4D reservoir monitoring, and many more vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) with 1.5-m spatial resolution—and in minutes rather than the hours or days required using conventional methods.

Induced seismicity monitoring—Monitor regulatory compliance or track seismic events using temporarily or permanently deployed fiber optics. With a real-time, automated traffic alert system, enabled by Seismic Focal Point real-time induced seismicity monitoring service, never miss an event alert again.

Optiq solutions can also be used to improve subsurface understanding for CCS projects. These solutions can assess carbon storage capacity; monitor the position of CO2 plume or seismicity for regulatory compliance; and evaluate CO2 injection profiling, well injection containment, and well integrity.

Related Link · > Top of Product page · > Top of Digital Microscope page · > Top of Laser Confocal Microscope page · > UIS2 Objective Lens Lineup.

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Learn how fiber optics enabled acquiring high-resolution images for baseline CO2-plume-migration tracking. View

The size of the eyepiece field diaphragm opening is also dependent upon the correction for off-axial aberrations (coma, astigmatism, and lateral chromatic) of the objective. Recent eyepieces feature highly corrected glass that enables wide-field designs having field numbers of 26 millimeters and greater.

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The Huygens eyepiece, illustrated on the left in Figure 1, is designed with the field lens positioned before the intermediate image plane, which coincides with the field diaphragm. Unlike the Ramsden eyepiece, the Huygens design has a focal point (at the intermediate image plane) residing between the eye and field lenses. In this case, the eye lens acts as a loupe to magnify the intermediate image.

Optiq solutions can be utilized to monitor seismicity during mining operations and provide real-time alerts to ensure safety performance and regulatory compliance. Additionally, Optiq Seismic solution can be utilized to map the subsurface structure and locate veins of interest to plan mining operations.

For temporary fiber-optic deployments, we have engineered and manufactured innovative fiber-optic coiled tubing, wireline, and slickline conveyances, including the following:

In the midstream sector, Optiq solutions act as a remote oil and gas pipeline integrity monitoring system, providing real-time leak detection, pig tracking, and perimeter intrusion. In addition, we apply machine learning and AI to improve confidence in threat detection and decipher activities along your assets.

Optiq StreamLINE conveyance offers the industry’s only fiber-optic wireline deployment in treatment wells during stimulation services. Its patented polymer-locked packaging eliminates the need for grease injection.

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For permanent deployment, the hybrid fiber-optic electrical cable of Optiq solutions is installed within the completion string or behind tubing. It can also be installed across the sandface for both wet and dry-tree applications.

Optiq solutions are your modern-day answer to measurements, providing you modular, customized microsolutions fit to your objectives.

Feb 16, 2023 — Focal length is the main optical property of a camera lens. It's displayed in millimeters and by a number that looks like this: 35mm, 50mm, ...

The field number of typical eyepieces varies between 6 and 28 millimeters and (in general) decreases with the magnification of the eyepiece. For example, an eyepiece having a magnification of 10x typically has a field number ranging between 16 and 18 millimeters, while a lower magnification eyepiece (5x) has a field number of about 20 millimeters. Presented in Figure 2 is a comparison between the view fields available with similar eyepieces, one having a field number of 20 and the other a field number of 26. Note the greater range of specimen features visible through the eyepiece having the larger field number.

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