For some sensors, especially sensors with smaller pixel sizes, additional micro lenses are used to help guide photons into the photodiode.

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So I have sleep mode set to start at 11pm and turn off at 7am... But my screen still wakes me up at night by turning on when I roll over. I literally took my watch off and shoved it under a pillow at 3am!

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Above:  2 Spectral Response Curves Examples Using Same Sensor Family. Mono Sensor (Left) and Color Sensor With No IR Cut Filter (Right)

Hi @BadRabbit - did you check the sleep schedule is working, after 11pm press the button, swipe the watch face to the right to get to Quick Settings and make sure Sleep is turned on, Always On is off and Wrist wake will be off.

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Image sensors come in different format types (also known as optical class, sensor size or type) and packages. Resolution and pixel size will dictate the overall size of a sensor with larger sensors having either higher resolutions or larger pixel sizes than smaller sensors. Knowing the sensor format is important for choosing a lens and optics for a camera. All lenses are designed for specific sensor formats and resolutions. Note that sensor formats only describe the area of the sensor chip and not the entire sensor package.

In the past, CMOS sensors (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) were only able to start and stop exposure one pixel row at a time, which is known as rolling shutter. This has changed over time, with many global shutter CMOS sensors now available in the market. CMOS sensors use smaller ADCs for each pixel column allowing for higher frame rates than CCDs. CMOS sensors have undergone major improvements over the years making most modern CMOS sensors equal or superior to CCDs for image quality, image speed, and overall value.

An important function of the sensor is its shutter type. The two main electronic shutter types are global shutter and rolling shutter. These shutter types are different in their operation and final imaging results, especially when the camera or target is in motion. Let’s look in detail at how they work and how this affects imaging.

For the color sensor example shown above right, the color filter array employed is a Bayer filter pattern. This filter pattern uses a 50% green, 25% red and 25% blue array. While most color cameras use the Bayer filter pattern, there are other filter patterns available that have different pattern arrangements and RGB breakdowns.

A couple of choices: Screen Wake or Sleep Mode. You can access both scrolling left (swiping right) from clock face to Quick Settings.

The diagram to the left shows the exposure timing of a rolling shutter sensor.  Exposure timing is different line by line with reset and readout happening at shifted times. This row by row exposure produces image distortion if either the target or camera are in motion. Rolling shutter sensors offer excellent sensitivity for imaging static or slow moving objects.

The higher the quantum efficiency the better the sensor is at sensing light. The above charts are one of many performance results based on the measurement standards of EMVA 1288. The EMVA 1288 standard dictates how to test and display performance results so that users can better compare and contrast models across vendors. Visit the EMVA 1288 site for more information.

Screen wake is the icon with watch; you can change it from Automatic to Manual so it only lights up with button press; but then you have to remember to switch it back in the morning if you want it to come on with wrist turn.

A couple of choices: Screen Wake or Sleep Mode. You can access both scrolling left (swiping right) from clock face to Quick Settings.

Below is a typical CMOS image sensor. The sensor chip is held in a package with protective glass. The package has contact pads which connect the sensor to the PCB.

Because of the physical differences between a mono and color sensors, as well as the differences between a sensor manufacturer’s technologies and pixel structure, different sensors will sense light to varying degrees. One way to get a more accurate understanding of a sensor’s sensitivity to light is by reading its spectral response chart (also known as a Quantum Efficiency Chart).

The diagram to the left shows the exposure timing of a global shutter sensor. All pixels begin and end exposure at the same time but readout still happens line by line.  This timing produces non-distorted images without wobble or skewing. Global shutter sensors are essential for imaging high speed moving objects.

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Pixel size is measured in micrometers (µm) and includes the entire area of both the photodiode and surrounding electronics.  A CMOS pixel consists of a photodiode, an amplifier, reset gate, transfer gate and floating diffusion. These elements however may not always be within each pixel as they can also be shared between pixels. The diagram below shows a simplified layout of a CMOS mono and color pixel.

Sleep Mode - the icon with the moon; you can toggle it on or off similar to Screen Wake, but it also does a few other things to avoid sleep interruptions: turns on 'do not disturb' and sets brightness to Dim.  If you have a regular sleep schedule, you can set the hours for when to turn sleep mode on and off so you don't have to remember it.  You can set that in Settings > Quiet Modes.

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Here is an example of an old video camera tube. The diameter of these old tubes serve as the sensor format classification for today’s modern sensors.

Screen wake is the icon with watch; you can change it from Automatic to Manual so it only lights up with button press; but then you have to remember to switch it back in the morning if you want it to come on with wrist turn.

In a camera system, the image sensor receives incident light (photons) that is focused through a lens or other optics. Depending on whether the sensor is CCD or CMOS, it will transfer information to the next stage as either a voltage or a digital signal. CMOS sensors convert photons into electrons, then to a voltage, and then into a digital value using an on-chip Analog to Digital Converter (ADC).

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The solid-state image sensor chip contains pixels which are made up of light sensitive elements, micro lenses, and micro electrical components. The chips are manufactured by semiconductor companies and cut from wafers. The wire bonds transfer the signal from the die to the contact pads at the back of the sensor.  The packaging protects the sensor chip and wire bonds from physical and environmental harm, provides thermal dissipation, and includes interconnecting electronics for signal transfer. A transparent window in the front of the packaging called a cover glass protects the sensor chip and wires while allowing light to reach the light sensitive area.

If you switch on the quiet mode toggle on the watch does it have a specific time it goes off at night and come on in the morning?

Depending on the camera manufacturer the general layout and components used will differ. The main purpose of this layout is to convert light into a digital signal which can then be analyzed to trigger some future action. Consumer level cameras would have additional components for image storage (memory card), viewing (embedded LCD) and control knobs and switches that machine vision cameras do not.

CCD sensors (Charged Couple Device)  start and stop exposure for all pixels at the same time. This is known as global shutter. The CCD then tranfers this exposure charge to the horizontal shift register where it is then sent to the floating diffusion amplifier.  Note: In 2015, Sony announced plans to discontinuing their CCD production and end support for CCDs by 2026.

However they are classified, the purpose of image sensors are the same; to convert incoming light (photons) into an electrical signal that can be viewed, analyzed, or stored. Image sensors are a solid-state device and serve as one of the most important components inside a machine vision camera. Every year new varieties of sensors are manufactured with improvements to sensor size, resolution, speed, and light sensitivity.  In this article we discuss some of the basics of image sensor technology found inside machine vision cameras and how those relate to their classifications.

If you switch on the quiet mode toggle on the watch does it have a specific time it goes off at night and come on in the morning?

Sleep Mode - the icon with the moon; you can toggle it on or off similar to Screen Wake, but it also does a few other things to avoid sleep interruptions: turns on 'do not disturb' and sets brightness to Dim.  If you have a regular sleep schedule, you can set the hours for when to turn sleep mode on and off so you don't have to remember it.  You can set that in Settings > Quiet Modes.

Below is an example of a CMOS sensor that is categorized with a format type of 2/3″. However, the actual diagonal size of the die is only 0.43″ (11mm). Current sensor “inch” types are NOT the actual diagonal size of the sensor. While it may seem that sensor format types are somewhat ambiguously defined, it is actually based on old video camera tubes where the inch measurement referred to the outer diameter of the video tube.  Below shows a chart with the most common sensor format types and their real sensor diagonal sizes in mm.

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Modern CMOS characteristics: • Global shutter and rolling shutter models • Low to very low noise • High to very high dynamic range • Very high frame rates • No smearing

Hi @SBFFC  - you need to gof further down in the settings to set a schedule for it to go into sleep and out at specific times.

If it still wakes you and you are left handed wear it on the other arm at night, you could be getting accidental button presses

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Typically a larger pixel size is better for increased light sensitivity because there is more area of the photodiode to receive light. If the sensor format stays the same but the resolution increases the pixel size must decrease. While this might decrease sensor sensitivity, improvements in pixel structure, noise reduction technology, and image processing have helped mitigate this. To get a more accurate understanding of sensor sensitivity it is best to refer to the sensor’s spectral response (quantum efficiency) as well as other sensor performance results.

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For visible light sensors (not infrared, UV, or X-Ray) there are two main types; color and mono. Color sensors have an extra layer that sits below the micro lens, called a color filter, which absorbs undesired color wavelengths so that each pixel is sensitive to a specific color wavelength.  For mono sensors, there is no color filter so each pixel is sensitive to all visible light wavelengths.

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Sensor dies are produced in large batches on silicon wafers. The wafers are cut into many pieces with each piece housing a single sensor die.  The larger the sensor die size, the lower number of sensors per wafer. This typically leads to higher costs. A single defect on a wafer will have a higher probability of impacting a larger image sensor.

The 2 charts below are the mono and color versions of the same sensor model. The left shows the spectral response of a mono sensor and the right of a color sensor. The X axis is the wavelength (nm) and the Y axis is quantum efficiency (%). The majority of machine vision color cameras have IR cut filters installed to block near-IR wavelengths. This removes IR noise and color cross-over from the image, best matching how the human eye interprets color. However, in a number of applications it can be beneficial to image without the IR cut filter. Whether or not an IR cut filter is installed a color sensor will never be as sensitive as the mono sensor.

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If you turn on Sleep Mode in Quick Settings, you have to turn it back off yourself, but in the full Settings App as @Guy_  noted, you can set the on/off schedule yourself.

If you’re just beginning to explore the world of machine vision cameras the above information is an excellent start in understanding how the machine vision industry categorizes sensors. Understanding the terms and technology in digital sensors will allow you to better pinpoint the appropriate camera for your application. For example, certain sensor specifications, such as pixel size and sensor format, will play an important role in choosing the correct lens. In addition, as new sensor technologies emerge you’ll be better equipped in understanding if it is beneficial to your application. If you are ready to discuss your camera requirements, please contact our knowledgeable Lucid sales staff.