polarization, property of certain electromagnetic radiations in which the direction and magnitude of the vibrating electric field are related in a specified way.

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Calcium fluoride is often used in spectroscopic windows and lenses due to its high transmission from 250nm to 7μm. Its low absorption and high damage threshold makes it a popular choice for excimer laser optics. Calcium fluoride’s low index or refraction allows it to be used without an anti-reflective coating. The Knoop hardness of calcium fluoride is 158.3. TECHSPEC® Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) Windows manufactured from vacuum UV grade calcium fluoride are commonly found in cryogenically cooled thermal imaging systems.

Light waves are transverse: that is, the vibrating electric vector associated with each wave is perpendicular to the direction of propagation. A beam of unpolarized light consists of waves moving in the same direction with their electric vectors pointed in random orientations about the axis of propagation. Plane polarized light consists of waves in which the direction of vibration is the same for all waves. In circular polarization the electric vector rotates about the direction of propagation as the wave progresses. Light may be polarized by reflection or by passing it through filters, such as certain crystals, that transmit vibration in one plane but not in others.