Contrast ratio refers to the difference between the minimum brightness and maximum brightness of a monitor. For example, looking at a monitor with a 1,000:1 contrast ratio, a white image would appear 1,000 times brighter than a black image on a particular monitor. A higher contrast ratio, in theory, should produce deeper blacks with increased grayscale detail. In addition, a higher contrast ratio means that scenes that are supposed to be black or dark are more lifelike and don't appear washed out (i.e., shadows look more gray than black).

The HCL2 Adapter, which features external 5/8"-32 threading, allows a FiberPort coupler to be attached directly to the threaded aperture of our self-contained HeNe lasers or any other 5/8"-32 tapped hole. A slip-plate design allows the position of the fiberport to be shifted and locked to maximize coupling efficiency. FiberPort mounting screws are included.

Mounting OptionsThe output aperture is internally 5/8"-32 threaded. Our SM1A32 adapter (not included) connects to this aperture and accepts externally SM05-threaded (0.535"-40) or internally SM1-threaded (1.035"-40) optomechanics. Alternatively, the HCL2 FiberPort Adapter allows a FiberPort coupler to be attached directly to the front of the laser, as shown to the right.

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Thorlabs' Self-Contained Helium-Neon Lasers integrate a red (632.8 nm) HeNe laser tube with a built-in voltage transformer. The rectangular housing incorporates a hard-sealed internal mirror and plasma tube design that maximizes the lifetime of the laser. The power cord and on/off rocker switch are located on the back of the housing. Please note that these self-contained lasers do not feature a remote interlock connector or an integrated shutter.

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Thorlabs' cylindrical, 10.0 mW, red (632.8 nm) Helium-Neon lasers feature a tube design that makes them easy to mount in nearly any optical system. These lasers are offered with either a linear (500:1 polarization ratio) or fluctuating polarization. The linearly polarized beam is polarized vertically with respect to the cable at the rear of the laser's housing. A built-in interlock circuit is included that can be integrated with lab safety systems (see Interlock Disassembly tab for details). An external power supply and a location-specific power cord are included.

In addition, as shown to the left, the bottom of the laser contains a groove that accepts our XE25T3 (XE25T3/M) Low-Profile T-Nuts, providing an easy way to use standard optomechanical bases to mount the laser to a breadboard or optical table.

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Thorlabs offers an extensive selection of CE compliant 632.8 nm (red) Helium-Neon (HeNe) Lasers with powers from 0.8 mW to 22.5 mW from stock. In addition to the applications listed to the right, HeNe lasers are widely used in education and as alignment tools due to their excellent beam quality and gas discharge laser characteristics. Depending upon the model, the output beam is either linearly polarized or the polarization state fluctuates over time. When the output polarization is fluctuating over time, any polarization optics in the path (intentional or unintentional) can cause large variations in the output power. Only polarized lasers should be used in applications that involve polarization optics. For a complete discussion of HeNe laser polarization, see our HeNe Laser Tutorial. Due to the significant amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) background, a bandpass filter should be used for precision measurements.

Thorlabs' cylindrical, 15.0 mW, red (632.8 nm) Helium-Neon lasers feature a tube design that makes them easy to mount in nearly any optical system. These lasers are offered with either a linear (500:1 polarization ratio) or fluctuating polarization. The linearly polarized beam is polarized vertically with respect to the cable at the rear of the laser's housing. A built-in interlock circuit is included that can be integrated with lab safety systems (see Interlock Disassembly tab for details). An external power supply and a location-specific power cord are included.

To maintain the optimum performance of your HeNe laser, do not drop it, never use force when inserting it into fixture, and use care when installing it into mounts, securing it using cage components or ring accessories that grip the housing, transporting it, and storing it.

OLED (organic light-emitting diode) displays are promoted as having an infinite contrast ratio because the self-lit pixels can turn completely off to present a perfect black. IPS (in-plane switch) displays usually hover around the 1,000:1 mark or slightly higher, while VA (vertical alignment) displays can range from 3,000:1 to 4,000:1 at the high-end.

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Thorlabs' cylindrical, 5.0 mW, red (632.8 nm) Helium-Neon lasers feature a tube design that makes them easy to mount in nearly any optical system. These lasers are offered with either a linear (500:1 polarization ratio) or fluctuating polarization. The linearly polarized beam is polarized vertically with respect to the cable at the rear of the laser's housing. A built-in interlock circuit is included that can be integrated with lab safety systems (see Interlock Disassembly tab for details). An external power supply and a location-specific power cord are included.

Factory packaging protects the HeNe lasers from shocks and vibrations during shipping, but end users directly handle the bare laser housing. Due to this, HeNe lasers are in greater danger of experiencing dangerous stress during handling by the end user.

The SM05AHN Thread Adapter allows SM05-threaded components to be attached directly to the front of a HeNe laser and is ideal for enclosing a HeNe beam path using SM05 Lens Tubes.

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Each of Thorlabs' HeNe laser sources includes an external power supply with a remote interlock connector. The interlock connector can be disassembled for integration into an interlock system. The interlock is at AC line potential, so proper care must be taken to use the correct connectors and hardware. Be sure to confirm compatibility between the AC line and the interlock system.

Lasers are categorized into different classes according to their ability to cause eye and other damage. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a global organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic, and related technologies. The IEC document 60825-1 outlines the safety of laser products. A description of each class of laser is given below:

Never apply a bending force to the laser housing. Stress applied to the laser's external housing can misalign or damage components in the laser cavity. This can:

Thorlabs' cylindrical, 2.0 mW, red (632.8 nm) Helium-Neon lasers feature a tube design that makes them easy to mount in nearly any optical system. These lasers are offered with either a linear (500:1 polarization ratio) or fluctuating polarization. The linearly polarized beam is polarized vertically with respect to the cable at the rear of the laser's housing. A built-in interlock circuit is included that can be integrated with lab safety systems (see Interlock Disassembly tab for details). An external power supply and a location-specific power cord are included.

The HNLS008L lasers feature a linearly polarized output beam, which is vertically polarized with respect to the rectangular housing, while the HNLS008R features a fluctuating output beam polarization. These lasers are an ideal choice for applications that require low-power or ease of use, such as alignment or the classroom. The lasers have an external 120 V, 230 V (-EC), or 100 V (-JP) wall adapter that plugs into the back of the module. If you require a different adapter plug, please contact Tech Support before ordering.

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The HCL FiberPort Adapter allows a FiberPort coupler to be attached directly to the front of a HeNe laser. Both adapters can be attached to the laser via counterbored slots that fit industry-standard M3 and 4-40 four-bolt patterns. The HCL can also be mounted via the internal C-Mount-Threaded (1.00"-32) central bore.

The SM1A32 Thread Adapter allows externally SM05-threaded or internally SM1-threaded optomechanics to be attached to the output aperture of theHNLS008R(-EC)(-JP) or HNLS008L(-EC)(-JP) laser.

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Thorlabs' cylindrical red (632.8 nm) Helium-Neon lasers feature a tube design that makes them easy to mount in nearly any optical system. The HNL210LB outputs a 21.0 mW, linearly polarized beam that is polarized vertically with respect to the cable at the rear of the laser's housing. The HNL225RB model offers a 22.5 mW, fluctuating output polarization. A built-in interlock circuit can be integrated with lab safety systems (see Interlock Disassembly tab for details). An external power supply and a location-specific power cord are included.

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A result is that the primary cause of damage to HeNe lasers is rough handling after receipt of the laser. In extreme cases, shock and vibrations can shatter or fracture glass components internal to the laser.

Safe practices and proper usage of safety equipment should be taken into consideration when operating lasers. The eye is susceptible to injury, even from very low levels of laser light. Thorlabs offers a range of laser safety accessories that can be used to reduce the risk of accidents or injuries. Laser emission in the visible and near infrared spectral ranges has the greatest potential for retinal injury, as the cornea and lens are transparent to those wavelengths, and the lens can focus the laser energy onto the retina.

For specialized applications, Thorlabs offers a Stabilized Red HeNe Laser, which is capable of either ±2 MHz stabilization in frequency stabilization mode, or ±0.2% power stabilization in intensity stabilization mode.

The 100 - 240 VAC external power supply that comes with our cylindrical HeNe lasers uses a simplified interlock connector that includes a black, plastic cover that can be unscrewed. Once unscrewed, the shorting conductor on the connector is removed prior to integration into the interlock system (see image to the right).

Specifications common to all of the lasers featured on this page are listed in the table to the right, and model-dependent information is given in the tables below. All but the self-contained packages feature remote interlock connections and integrated shutters. Please see the Interlock Disassembly tab for integrating the remote interlock connector into an interlock or lab safety system.

Brandon Hill is a senior editor at Tom's Hardware. He has written about PC and Mac tech since the late 1990s with bylines at AnandTech, DailyTech, and Hot Hardware. When he is not consuming copious amounts of tech news, he can be found enjoying the NC mountains or the beach with his wife and two sons.

Figure 1: The external housing of HeNe lasers is mechanically coupled to the components of the lasing cavity. Stress applied to the external housing can misalign and potentially fracture lasing cavity components, which can negatively impact the quality and power of the output laser beam (red arrow) or lead to laser failure