A faster shutter speed can help to the amount of time that the sensor is exposed to light. This means that there is less time for the subject to move while the sensor is being read, which can help to reduce motion artifacts. However… even with a fast shutter speed, rolling shutter distortion can still occur if the subject is moving at a very high speed. In these cases, the only solution is to use a global shutter equipped camera. For catching high speed or motion image, we recommend to try our global shutter camera module to see the advantages.

F-number lens

The UVC is one of the USB device classes. The drivers for UVC cameras to work have already been preinstalled in the operating system. Those driver-free USB cameras are UVC cameras. Computer and other mobile devices are connected directly through the USB interface simply plug and play. These UVC compliant camera modules are compatible with Windows and Linux software and do not require drivers.

F-number and depth of field

Since the rolling shutter captures different parts of the image at slightly different times, it can create motion blurriness. When there is an object moving at a very high-speed, it may appear distorted or elongated due to the time difference in capturing different parts of the target. This can be particularly noticeable in situations such as sports photography or capturing moving vehicles.

Generally, the smaller the f-number is, the more light comes into the camera, and the more defocus effect you can enjoy. Each lens has a minimum f-number, and this is called the maximum aperture of the lens. To check the maximum aperture of a lens, refer to the lens specifications or the value printed on the lens, as shown in the picture below. A lens with a small f-number is generally called a fast lens.

The USB camera module integrates the camera unit and the video capture unit, and then connects to the host system through the USB interface. The camera unit combining the camera lens to the image sensor depends on different image requirements like view angle, resolution, sensor features, etc. The video capture unit usually considers the image processing application: the filter which wavelength band we need, compatible DSP or microcontroller, sensor commands support, frame rate, etc. IADIY offers several UVC board cameras as an implement for our current embedded MIPI camera modules. These cameras have more case-specific features like Wide Dynamic Range (WDR), low light enhancement, also different view angle camera lens optional.

What is an f numberin camera

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The aperture is a part that adjusts the amount of light coming from the lens. As shown in the pictures below, it is located inside the lens, and it adjusts the amount of incoming light by changing the size of the opening.

F numberin alphabet

f-number calculator

On the other hand, global shutter camera is designated to capture an image by simultaneously exposing all the pixels in its image sensor to light for a brief period of time. Unlike a rolling shutter camera, which scans the image sensor row by row, a global shutter camera captures the entire image instantaneously.

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Rolling shutter cameras capture the scene line by line, from top to bottom, causing a time difference between top and bottom parts. Motion or camera movement results in the distortion known as the rolling shutter effect.

The A-mode (Aperture Priority mode) is a mode that allows you to set the f-number the way you want. In this mode, the camera automatically sets the shutter speed and ISO sensitivity to shoot a well-exposed photograph. This mode is suitable when you want to defocus the foreground and background, with the focus only on the main subject, or when you want to render the entire landscape clearly by focusing on the wide range from the foreground to the background.

What is an f numberin photography

The USB camera module is a general-purpose camera control board designed for both PCs and embedded systems like the ARM, Raspberry Pi, Odroid, and similar hardware. It supports almost all parallel interface image sensors and many MIPI camera sensors, including both global and rolling shutter sensors. The USB cameras adopt the standards of the USB interface, so they are easily expandable and adapted. What’s more, they could be made driver-free by following the USB device standards.

F numberwelding

f-number formula

The amount of light coming into the camera affected by the size of the aperture is quantified as f-numbers. F-numbers have fixed standard values, such as F2, F2.8, F4, F5.6, and F8. As the f-number gets larger, the aperture is closed and less light passes through the lens. As the f-number gets smaller, the aperture is opened and more light passes through the lens. For example, if the aperture is changed from F8 to F5.6, the amount of light is doubled. As a result, even if the shutter speed is doubled, it can let the same amount of light into the camera, as long as other conditions are the same.

The aperture also affects the range of in-focus area, or the amount of defocus in a photograph. The following shows the comparison between the amount of defocus and the aperture. You can see the foreground and background are defocused more as the f-number gets smaller.

Rolling shutter distortion is an effect that can occur while using rolling shutter camera to capture fast-moving subjects. It is caused by the delay between the beginning and the end of the sensor readout, this can result in vertical or horizontal lines appearing bent or slanted, giving the image a distorted appearance.

As the f-number gets larger, the opening to let the light into the camera gets smaller. As a result, the shutter speed will slow down, which may cause the image to blur because of camera shake. If this occurs, try shooting with a smaller f-number again.

An electronic shutter electronically turns the image sensor on and off to control exposure. The sensor starts detecting light when activated and stops detecting light when deactivated.

More global shutter camera module information please review  camera module introduction or custom camera module requirements flow.