Multispectral imageclassification

Let confirm that worked as expected: $ identify -verbose multiMeta.tif Image: Filename: multiMeta.tif Permissions: rw------- Format: TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) Mime type: image/tiff Class: DirectClass Geometry: 1x1+0+0 Units: PixelsPerInch Colorspace: CMYK Type: ColorSeparation Endianness: LSB Depth: 16-bit Channels: 6.2 Channel depth: Cyan: 16-bit Magenta: 16-bit Yellow: 16-bit Black: 16-bit Meta channel[0]: 16-bit Meta channel[1]: 16-bit Channel statistics: Pixels: 1 Cyan: min: 10 (0.00015259) max: 10 (0.00015259) mean: 10 (0.00015259) median: 10 (0.00015259) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Magenta: min: 20 (0.00030518) max: 20 (0.00030518) mean: 20 (0.00030518) median: 20 (0.00030518) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Yellow: min: 30 (0.000457771) max: 30 (0.000457771) mean: 30 (0.000457771) median: 30 (0.000457771) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Black: min: 40 (0.000610361) max: 40 (0.000610361) mean: 40 (0.000610361) median: 40 (0.000610361) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Meta channel[0]: min: 50 (0.000762951) max: 50 (0.000762951) mean: 50 (0.000762951) median: 50 (0.000762951) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Meta channel[1]: min: 60 (0.000915541) max: 60 (0.000915541) mean: 60 (0.000915541) median: 60 (0.000915541) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Image statistics: Overall: min: 10 (0.00015259) max: 60 (0.000915541) mean: 35 (0.000534066) median: 35 (0.000534066) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -1.79762 skewness: 4.44476e-15 entropy: 0 Total ink density: 0.15259% Colors: 1 Histogram: 1: (10,20,30,40) #000A0014001E0028 cmyk(0.0389105,0.077821,0.116732,0.155642) Rendering intent: Perceptual Gamma: 0.454545 Chromaticity: red primary: (0.64,0.33) green primary: (0.3,0.6) blue primary: (0.15,0.06) white point: (0.3127,0.329) Matte color: grey74 Background color: white Border color: srgb(223,223,223) Transparent color: black Interlace: None Intensity: Undefined Compose: Over Page geometry: 1x1+0+0 Dispose: Undefined Iterations: 0 Compression: None Orientation: TopLeft Properties: date:create: 2023-03-12T11:38:42+00:00 date:modify: 2023-03-12T11:38:42+00:00 date:timestamp: 2023-03-12T11:38:56+00:00 signature: c51848f16d296f7c95be14404cc582f49db6fd33f31b544a2ce10e440b3747b3 tiff:alpha: unspecified tiff:endian: lsb tiff:photometric: separated tiff:rows-per-strip: 1 Artifacts: verbose: true Tainted: False Filesize: 306B Number pixels: 1 Notice the channel depth and statistics associated with the two meta channels. Working with Multispectral Images Meta channels are treated the same as any other channel meaning they can be read, written, and operated upon-- e.g., resized, gamma adjusted, etc.. Here, we replace the first channel with the contents of the meta channel: magick multiMeta.tif -channel-fx 'meta1=>cyan' multiMeta-1.tif The original cyan channel has an intensity of 10. It's now, per the channel FX instructions, 50. And in this example, we create two meta channels: magick lena.png \( mandril3.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta' \( zelda1.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta1' meta.tif In this example, we blend two meta channels into a single alpha channel: magick in.tiff -alpha opaque \( +clone -set colorspace sRGB -channel-fx "meta0=>red meta1=>green" \) -channel A -fx "(v.r+v.g)/2" +channel out.tiff Writing Multispectral Images You can preserve multispectral images by writing them to a format that supports meta channels such as TIFF or PSD. If you write to other image formats that do not support multisprectal images, the channels are not preserved and instead lost-- e.g., PNG. In this example, we read, resize, and write a multispectral image: magick multiMeta.tif -resize 50% resizedMeta.tif

And in this example, we create two meta channels: magick lena.png \( mandril3.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta' \( zelda1.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta1' meta.tif In this example, we blend two meta channels into a single alpha channel: magick in.tiff -alpha opaque \( +clone -set colorspace sRGB -channel-fx "meta0=>red meta1=>green" \) -channel A -fx "(v.r+v.g)/2" +channel out.tiff Writing Multispectral Images You can preserve multispectral images by writing them to a format that supports meta channels such as TIFF or PSD. If you write to other image formats that do not support multisprectal images, the channels are not preserved and instead lost-- e.g., PNG. In this example, we read, resize, and write a multispectral image: magick multiMeta.tif -resize 50% resizedMeta.tif

Multispectral imagemeaning

ImageMagick supports multispectral images where all channels have the same dimensions and number of pixels as the original image. However, not all image formats support multispectral images. PSD, TIFF, MIFF, MPC, and FTXT have full support for multispectral images up to 31 bands with 21 meta channels. If you build ImageMagick with the configure script --enable-64bit-channel-masks option, you can process 62 band multispectral images with up to 52 meta channels.

Notice the channel depth and statistics associated with the two meta channels. Working with Multispectral Images Meta channels are treated the same as any other channel meaning they can be read, written, and operated upon-- e.g., resized, gamma adjusted, etc.. Here, we replace the first channel with the contents of the meta channel: magick multiMeta.tif -channel-fx 'meta1=>cyan' multiMeta-1.tif The original cyan channel has an intensity of 10. It's now, per the channel FX instructions, 50. And in this example, we create two meta channels: magick lena.png \( mandril3.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta' \( zelda1.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta1' meta.tif In this example, we blend two meta channels into a single alpha channel: magick in.tiff -alpha opaque \( +clone -set colorspace sRGB -channel-fx "meta0=>red meta1=>green" \) -channel A -fx "(v.r+v.g)/2" +channel out.tiff Writing Multispectral Images You can preserve multispectral images by writing them to a format that supports meta channels such as TIFF or PSD. If you write to other image formats that do not support multisprectal images, the channels are not preserved and instead lost-- e.g., PNG. In this example, we read, resize, and write a multispectral image: magick multiMeta.tif -resize 50% resizedMeta.tif

Multispectralcamera

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Begin with a multispectral image, typically in the TIFF or PSD format. If you don't have one, you can create your own. In our example, we create a single CMYK pixel with two meta channels. Stuff this in a file titled multiMeta.txt:

Multispectral imagesoftware

Meta channels are treated the same as any other channel meaning they can be read, written, and operated upon-- e.g., resized, gamma adjusted, etc.. Here, we replace the first channel with the contents of the meta channel: magick multiMeta.tif -channel-fx 'meta1=>cyan' multiMeta-1.tif The original cyan channel has an intensity of 10. It's now, per the channel FX instructions, 50. And in this example, we create two meta channels: magick lena.png \( mandril3.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta' \( zelda1.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta1' meta.tif In this example, we blend two meta channels into a single alpha channel: magick in.tiff -alpha opaque \( +clone -set colorspace sRGB -channel-fx "meta0=>red meta1=>green" \) -channel A -fx "(v.r+v.g)/2" +channel out.tiff Writing Multispectral Images You can preserve multispectral images by writing them to a format that supports meta channels such as TIFF or PSD. If you write to other image formats that do not support multisprectal images, the channels are not preserved and instead lost-- e.g., PNG. In this example, we read, resize, and write a multispectral image: magick multiMeta.tif -resize 50% resizedMeta.tif

By capturing data across multiple spectral bands, multispectral imagery can provide additional information about the objects or scenes being imaged, such as their composition, temperature, and vegetation health. This information can be used for a wide range of applications, including agriculture, environmental monitoring, disaster response, and military surveillance.

magick multiMeta.tif -channel-fx 'meta1=>cyan' multiMeta-1.tif The original cyan channel has an intensity of 10. It's now, per the channel FX instructions, 50. And in this example, we create two meta channels: magick lena.png \( mandril3.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta' \( zelda1.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta1' meta.tif In this example, we blend two meta channels into a single alpha channel: magick in.tiff -alpha opaque \( +clone -set colorspace sRGB -channel-fx "meta0=>red meta1=>green" \) -channel A -fx "(v.r+v.g)/2" +channel out.tiff Writing Multispectral Images You can preserve multispectral images by writing them to a format that supports meta channels such as TIFF or PSD. If you write to other image formats that do not support multisprectal images, the channels are not preserved and instead lost-- e.g., PNG. In this example, we read, resize, and write a multispectral image: magick multiMeta.tif -resize 50% resizedMeta.tif

$ identify -verbose multiMeta.tif Image: Filename: multiMeta.tif Permissions: rw------- Format: TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) Mime type: image/tiff Class: DirectClass Geometry: 1x1+0+0 Units: PixelsPerInch Colorspace: CMYK Type: ColorSeparation Endianness: LSB Depth: 16-bit Channels: 6.2 Channel depth: Cyan: 16-bit Magenta: 16-bit Yellow: 16-bit Black: 16-bit Meta channel[0]: 16-bit Meta channel[1]: 16-bit Channel statistics: Pixels: 1 Cyan: min: 10 (0.00015259) max: 10 (0.00015259) mean: 10 (0.00015259) median: 10 (0.00015259) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Magenta: min: 20 (0.00030518) max: 20 (0.00030518) mean: 20 (0.00030518) median: 20 (0.00030518) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Yellow: min: 30 (0.000457771) max: 30 (0.000457771) mean: 30 (0.000457771) median: 30 (0.000457771) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Black: min: 40 (0.000610361) max: 40 (0.000610361) mean: 40 (0.000610361) median: 40 (0.000610361) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Meta channel[0]: min: 50 (0.000762951) max: 50 (0.000762951) mean: 50 (0.000762951) median: 50 (0.000762951) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Meta channel[1]: min: 60 (0.000915541) max: 60 (0.000915541) mean: 60 (0.000915541) median: 60 (0.000915541) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -3 skewness: 0 entropy: 0 Image statistics: Overall: min: 10 (0.00015259) max: 60 (0.000915541) mean: 35 (0.000534066) median: 35 (0.000534066) standard deviation: 0 (0) kurtosis: -1.79762 skewness: 4.44476e-15 entropy: 0 Total ink density: 0.15259% Colors: 1 Histogram: 1: (10,20,30,40) #000A0014001E0028 cmyk(0.0389105,0.077821,0.116732,0.155642) Rendering intent: Perceptual Gamma: 0.454545 Chromaticity: red primary: (0.64,0.33) green primary: (0.3,0.6) blue primary: (0.15,0.06) white point: (0.3127,0.329) Matte color: grey74 Background color: white Border color: srgb(223,223,223) Transparent color: black Interlace: None Intensity: Undefined Compose: Over Page geometry: 1x1+0+0 Dispose: Undefined Iterations: 0 Compression: None Orientation: TopLeft Properties: date:create: 2023-03-12T11:38:42+00:00 date:modify: 2023-03-12T11:38:42+00:00 date:timestamp: 2023-03-12T11:38:56+00:00 signature: c51848f16d296f7c95be14404cc582f49db6fd33f31b544a2ce10e440b3747b3 tiff:alpha: unspecified tiff:endian: lsb tiff:photometric: separated tiff:rows-per-strip: 1 Artifacts: verbose: true Tainted: False Filesize: 306B Number pixels: 1 Notice the channel depth and statistics associated with the two meta channels. Working with Multispectral Images Meta channels are treated the same as any other channel meaning they can be read, written, and operated upon-- e.g., resized, gamma adjusted, etc.. Here, we replace the first channel with the contents of the meta channel: magick multiMeta.tif -channel-fx 'meta1=>cyan' multiMeta-1.tif The original cyan channel has an intensity of 10. It's now, per the channel FX instructions, 50. And in this example, we create two meta channels: magick lena.png \( mandril3.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta' \( zelda1.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta1' meta.tif In this example, we blend two meta channels into a single alpha channel: magick in.tiff -alpha opaque \( +clone -set colorspace sRGB -channel-fx "meta0=>red meta1=>green" \) -channel A -fx "(v.r+v.g)/2" +channel out.tiff Writing Multispectral Images You can preserve multispectral images by writing them to a format that supports meta channels such as TIFF or PSD. If you write to other image formats that do not support multisprectal images, the channels are not preserved and instead lost-- e.g., PNG. In this example, we read, resize, and write a multispectral image: magick multiMeta.tif -resize 50% resizedMeta.tif

Multispectralimaging skin

Multispectral imageexample

Working with Multispectral Images Meta channels are treated the same as any other channel meaning they can be read, written, and operated upon-- e.g., resized, gamma adjusted, etc.. Here, we replace the first channel with the contents of the meta channel: magick multiMeta.tif -channel-fx 'meta1=>cyan' multiMeta-1.tif The original cyan channel has an intensity of 10. It's now, per the channel FX instructions, 50. And in this example, we create two meta channels: magick lena.png \( mandril3.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta' \( zelda1.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta1' meta.tif In this example, we blend two meta channels into a single alpha channel: magick in.tiff -alpha opaque \( +clone -set colorspace sRGB -channel-fx "meta0=>red meta1=>green" \) -channel A -fx "(v.r+v.g)/2" +channel out.tiff Writing Multispectral Images You can preserve multispectral images by writing them to a format that supports meta channels such as TIFF or PSD. If you write to other image formats that do not support multisprectal images, the channels are not preserved and instead lost-- e.g., PNG. In this example, we read, resize, and write a multispectral image: magick multiMeta.tif -resize 50% resizedMeta.tif

Multispectral imagery is often captured using specialized sensors on satellites, drones, or aircraft. The data is then processed using specialized software to create images that display the information captured in each spectral band.

We call image channels beyond the standard RGB(A) or CMYK(A) channels, "meta" channels. We label them as "meta", "meta1", "meta2", etc.. Meta channels are treated the same as any other channel meaning they can be read, written, and operated upon-- e.g., resized, gamma adjusted, etc.

The original cyan channel has an intensity of 10. It's now, per the channel FX instructions, 50. And in this example, we create two meta channels: magick lena.png \( mandril3.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta' \( zelda1.jpg -colorspace gray \) -channel-fx '| gray=>meta1' meta.tif In this example, we blend two meta channels into a single alpha channel: magick in.tiff -alpha opaque \( +clone -set colorspace sRGB -channel-fx "meta0=>red meta1=>green" \) -channel A -fx "(v.r+v.g)/2" +channel out.tiff Writing Multispectral Images You can preserve multispectral images by writing them to a format that supports meta channels such as TIFF or PSD. If you write to other image formats that do not support multisprectal images, the channels are not preserved and instead lost-- e.g., PNG. In this example, we read, resize, and write a multispectral image: magick multiMeta.tif -resize 50% resizedMeta.tif

You can preserve multispectral images by writing them to a format that supports meta channels such as TIFF or PSD. If you write to other image formats that do not support multisprectal images, the channels are not preserved and instead lost-- e.g., PNG. In this example, we read, resize, and write a multispectral image:

Multispectral imageremote sensing

Overall, multispectral imagery provides a powerful tool for analyzing and understanding the world around us, allowing us to gain insights that would be impossible to obtain using visible light imagery alone.

Multispectral imagery refers to images that are captured using multiple bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, beyond just the visible light spectrum. This means that they capture data across a wider range of wavelengths, from ultraviolet to infrared.

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