Short Wave Infraredsensor

Only the recent development of InGaAs sensors made the sensing of SWIR range (wavelength from 0.9 to 1.7 microns) practical. On top of single point light sensing diodes, InGaAs technology also produces one-dimensional linear arrays and two-dimensional focal plane array cameras. But why should we use SWIR?

Black light absorbing coatings are critically important in the SWIR region in this context where Acktar best-in-the-industry coatings excel and exhibit unique light absorbing capability.

Short Wave infraredwavelength

The use of SWIR at night has additional major advantage. The atmospheric phenomenon known as night sky radiance emits 5 to 7 time more illumination than starlight, almost entirely in SWIR wavelengths. “Seeing” objects with great clarity on moonless nights and sharing these images across networks is enabled with a SWIR camera and night radiance (AKA nightglow) unlike other imaging device does.

SWIR sensor

Condensing lens have so many power of dioptre that each power produces different magnification and field of view. High powered lenses produces wider field of view than low powered ones. High powered lens can also used in patient with small dilated pupil and shorter distance of examination. Low powered lenses offer more magnification.

InGaAs cameras are essential since they can be small, use very little power, yet give big results. Since they’re sensitive to the light used in long distance fiber optics communications (usually around 1500 nm), early applications in the telecom industry were used by InGaAs. Telecom still uses InGaAs diodes and arrays, often in Optical Power Monitors that employ spectrometers operating in the SWIR band. Interesting capabilities surprisingly resulted from this combination. Covertly illuminating a scene viewed only with SWIR cameras becomes possible by using SWIR illumation like 1.55 micron lasers or LEDs. An example of the great value of SUI InGaAs cameras is a military truck able to temporarily illuminate its path when nightglow is not available (for instance, inside a tunnel or a road under thick tree branches)- to safely navigate a route in hostile territory. There are few restrictions on how such illuminators are used, since they’re eye-safe.

Fundus examination with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and slit-lamp biomicroscope have purpose to produces stereopsis image because of the binocularity system. These two instruments have each advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of binocular indirect ophthalmoscope are a portable instrument, relatively can be used in uncooperative patient and it can be used with scleral indentation to reach more peripheral view of the fundus. Meanwhile slit-lamp biomicroscope has the advantages to offer more magnification and flexible illumination system. With higher powered lens use in biomicroscope, it also give advantages in shorter distance of examination and wider field of view.

Long-waveinfrared

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Another major benefit of SWIR imaging, unmatched by other technologies, is the ability of image through glass. Cameras use conventional, cost-effective visible camera lenses for all, except the most demanding applications, In SWIR cameras, environmentally hardened housings and special expensive lensing are largely unnecessary- enabling them for a vast variety of industries and applications. This also allows SWIR cameras to be mounted inside protective windows, to provide extra flexibility whenever the camera system is positioned on a potential platform.

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Condensing lens is a lens used as an auxiliary lens in indirect instruments to examines the fundus. This lens is used with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and slit-lamp biomicroscope to reach a stereopsis image of fundus. Optical principle of condensing lens is to make the eye in myopic condition, so it can producesa real, aerial, inverted and reversed image. This lens was placed between the instruments and the eye of the patient which located closer to patient’s eye. Optimalized position of the lens can produce a good fundus image.

Thermalinfraredwavelength

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Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ISSN 2614 - 8684| E-ISSN 2614 - 8536Department of OphthalmologyJl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No. 2, Malang, Indonesia Email : ijretina@ijretina.com • Phone : +62 341 - 341945

The field of view of a telescope or a photo camera, for example, is usually understood as the range of angular directions in which objects can be observed for a ...

InGaAs sensors are extremely sensitive, literally counting individual photons. Therefore, when built as sensor pixels, or focal plane arrays including thousands or millions of tiny point sensors, SWIR cameras can work in the darkest conditions. For instance, night vision goggles (that exists for several decades) operate by the sensing an amplification of reflected visible starlight  or alternative ambient light, in image intensification (I-Squared) tubes- a technology that succeeded for direct view night vision goggles. However, there’s no practical method without the introduction of reliability and sensitivity limitations when an image needs to be sent to a remote location (for example, an intelligence center). They are inherently suitable for standard storage or transmission techniques, because all SUI’s SWIR sensors convert light to electrical signals.

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In order to understand, we need to know a basic fact: light in SWIR band is invisible to the human eye. The visibility spectrum extends only from wavelengths of 0.4 microns (blue, nearly ultraviolet to the eye) to 0.7 microns (deep red). Any wavelengths longer than the visible ones can only be seen by sensors such as InGaAs. However, despite its invisibility to the eye, the light in SWIR region interacts with objects similarly to visible wavelengths.

Short Wave infraredvs nearinfrared

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Are there other cameras operating in SWIR range? Indeed, sensors constructed from materials like mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) or indium antimonite (InSb) are often very sensitive in the SWIR band. However, these cameras must be mechanically cooled, often to extremely low temperatures, in order to increase their signal-to-noise ratio to usable levels. Cooling is no problem in large military aircraft designed for surveillance and reconnaissance, since these platforms are designed with plenty of space and power to run mechanical cooling systems. Alternatively, similar sensitivity can be achieved with an InGaAs camera at room temperatures.

Short wave infraredcamera

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SWIR wavelength range

SWIR light is a reflective light, bouncing off objects a lot like visible light. Due to its reflective nature, SWIR light has shadows and contrast in its imagery. Visible images in resolution and detail are comparable to images from an InGaAs camera- but SWIR are not in color. Some of the tactical advantages of the SWIR are easily recognizable objects and individual identification.

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Fixed focus lenses · Selected UV · Selected VIS-NIR · Selected VIS-SWIR · Selected Visible.

As in all high-performance optical systems elimination of stray light is cardinal for SWIR system performance. This is especially important for systems operating in the SWIR regions because of the low intensity of the radiation to be collected and processed.