These are basic microscopes that use light to magnify objects. The lenses in these microscopes refract the light for the objects beneath them to appear closer. The different types of light or optical microscopes are:

The primary function of a microscope is to study biological specimens. A microscope solely functions on two concepts – magnification and resolution. Magnification is simply the ability of the microscope to enlarge the image. Whereas the ability to analyse minute details depends on the resolution.

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Microscope is a tool that produces enlarged images of small objects, allowing the observer to have an exceedingly close view of minute structures in a slide. It is primarily used for examination and analysis. Here, let us learn more about different types of microscopes and also their parts and functions.

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A compound microscope is a high-power microscope that has higher magnification levels than a low-power or dissection microscope. It is used to examine tiny specimens like cell structures that cannot be viewed at lower magnification levels. A compound microscope is made up of both structural and optical components. The 3 basic structural components are – the head, arm and base.

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Both simple and compound microscopes can be used for microbiological studies. Specimens like fungi and algae can be viewed under these microscopes. Microscopes can also be used to study soil particles.

Optical prisms are transparent objects made of glass or plastic that are used to refract, reflect, or disperse light. They are typically triangular in shape and have two flat surfaces called faces that are parallel to each other, and a third face that is angled relative to the other two faces.

The fine and coarse focus knobs are the adjustment knobs that are often used to focus the microscope. They are coaxial knobs. This means the focusing system of both fine and coarse focus are mounted on the same axis. There is also a condenser focus knob which moves the condenser up or down to control the lighting

Compound and dissection microscopes are the two types of microscopes that are mostly used in schools for educational purposes.

An illuminator acts as the light source and is typically located at the microscope’s base. Most light microscopes operate on halogen bulbs with low voltage and also have variable and continuous lighting control within the base. A condenser is typically used to gather and focus the illuminator’s light onto the specimen. It is found beneath the stage and is often observed in conjunction with a diaphragm or iris. Iris or Diaphragm regulates the amount of light that reaches the specimen. It is situated above the condenser but beneath the stage.

The ocular or eyepiece is what an observer looks through and is present in the upper portion of the microscope. The eyepiecetube clasps the eyepieces which are positioned above the objective lens. The objective lenses are the main optical lenses. They range in various magnifications from 4x to 100x and generally include 3 to 5 lenses on a single microscope. Nosepiece houses the objective lenses.

The basic objective of a microscope is to magnify small objects. More than magnification, the most important function of a microscope is to provide resolution. It should render high-quality details of the desired specimen in order to proceed with the experiment and analysis. Simple and compound are some of the earliest known microscopes that have been recently replaced by electron and fluorescent microscopes. The different types of microscopes are as follows:

These are few applications associated with each microscope. Keep exploring BYJU’S Biology to learn more such exciting topics.

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When light passes through a prism, it is refracted or bent, causing it to separate into its component colors. This effect is called dispersion and is the basis for how prisms are used in devices such as spectrometers and cameras.

As a result of technical advancements, one can also find more efficient microscopes like scanning probe microscopes and scanning acoustic microscopes.

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A simple microscope is a basic light microscope that has only one lens. The condenser part is absent in simple microscopes. They work on natural light and there is less usage of hooks and knobs for adjustments. On the other hand, compound microscopes have 2 adjustment knobs – fine and coarse. Their magnification is also higher than the simple microscope.

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Instead of light, these microscopes use beams of electrons to generate images. The two well-known electron microscopes are:

Prisms can also be used to reflect light, such as in binoculars or periscopes. In these devices, the prism is coated with a reflective material such as aluminum or silver, which allows light to be redirected without passing through the prism.

MAGNIFYING meaning: 1. present participle of magnify 2. to make something look larger than it is, especially by looking…. Learn more.

The stage is where the specimen to be viewed is placed. A mechanical stage is often used when working on a specimen at a higher magnification. This is when delicate movement of the specimen is required. Stage clips are operated to hold the slide in place. To see different areas of the specimen, the observer must physically move the slide. A separate knob is present to move the slide in the mechanical stage. The aperture is a tiny hole in the stage via which the transmitted light enters the stage.