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The line passing through the center of the sphere and attaching to the mirror in the exact center of the mirror is the principal axis.

A concave mirror can therefore easily set alight objects such as curtains that happen to be at the focal point when the sun is shining onto the mirror. Therefore you usually see a warning sticker on such mirrors when you purchase them.

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Midway between the vertex and the center of curvature is a point known as the focal point or principal focus ; the focal point is denoted by the letter F. The following facts are used to construct ray diagrams:

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For example a curved reflector is used to give off parallel rays of infra red energy from the heating element of an electric fire. The heating element is placed at the focus and the rays that are reflected by the back of the fire come out in a parallel beam.

We see an object because light from the object travels into our eyes. Sometimes light from the object reflects off a mirror or has been refracted by an object and travels to our eyes by other than a straight path.

Because the sun is such a large distance from the Earth, all light rays from the sun are travelling parallel to each other. If you make them travel along the principal axis they will be brought to a sharp focus.

The point in the center of the sphere from which the mirror was sliced is known as the center of curvature and is denoted by the letter C .

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The point on the mirror's surface where the principal axis meets the mirror is known as the vertex  - V. The vertex is the geometric center of the mirror.