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For a microscope, we follow Abbe’s criterion and can obtain the mathematical expression as = \(\dfrac {2nsin\theta}{\lambda}\)

There is no generalized formula for resolving power of an optical instrument. It depends from one instrument to another.

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Resolving power is an observed measure; it does not have any S.I unit because it is a mathematical ratio between mean wavelengths.

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Where n is the refractive index of the medium for a better resolution. The value of \(nsin\theta\) must be high, which in practice means, the object lens of the microscope is to be kept as close to the object of observation and to use a medium which generally has a higher refractive index.

Rayleigh’s criterion is one of the most important principles in understanding the resolution of an instrument. It states that two images are just resolvable when the centre of the diffraction pattern is directly over the first minimum diffraction pattern of the other. This law determines the diffraction limit to resolution for a particular instrument. This can be understood from the diagram below.

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The inverse of the square of distances or the length of separation between two points or objects that can be just resolved when viewed through an optical instrument is known as the resolving power of that instrument. The resolving power of human eye is considered to be about one arc minute or 60 arc seconds.

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The resolving power of a telescope can be defined as the inverse of the smallest angle subtended at the lens aperture by two point objects at a far away distance from the point of observation which can be distinguished to be “just separate” in that focal plane.

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The resolving power of a microscope is the inverse of the distance between the objects that are just resolved. The resolving power of a microscope depends upon the wavelength of light, refractive index, and angular aperture.

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NASA’s James Webb telescope is the largest telescope built till now for studying infrared radiation of the interstellar and beyond.

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The resolving power of an electron microscope is 10 angstrom whereas the resolving power of a compound microscope is 0.25μm. The resolving power is the same for a light microscope too.

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Generally speaking, distortion is a matter of using words in such a way that deviates from its standard meaning in an inappropriate manner.

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In this article, you will learn in detail about the concept of resolving power, its formula, values and various applications.

Large apertures are required to resolve the power of a telescope and cosmic objects. For example, a system of binary stars subtends a small angle on the telescope.

Resolving power is the ability of an instrument to separate two adjacent points from each other from a considerable distance. Louis de Broglie put forward the concept of resolving power from the phenomenon of wave nature of electrons from the de Broglie hypothesis.