The propagation of light rays, as shown in the figures above, is calculated based on purely geometrical considerations. The used technique is called ray tracing ...

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Laser processes have proven to be a major contributor in reducing manufacturing cost while increasing the efficiency of solar cells. Laser.

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A diffraction grating acts like a prism to separate light into parts based on wavelength. It has small, usually periodic features that distort ...

At the same time, bear in mind that crop factor may be something to consider when working out the optical zoom capabilities of a given lens and sensor combination.

Ultra-wide-angle lenses, as well as fish-eye lenses, create a sense of distortion in horizon lines and other straight lines that other lenses won’t produce.

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Most photographers who are dedicated to improving their skills will spend a lot of time checking out work from professionals and their photography peers.

Master the technique of calculating the focal length of a lens with our easy-to-follow guide, essential for choosing the right lens for your photography needs.

Typically, this is indicated by a Φ symbol located on the top plate of the camera’s body, with different focal lengths used to accomplish different shots.

Conversely, super telephoto lenses bring the foreground and background elements together and can be used to create interesting patterns and textures.

The light, after passing through the convex lens, will converge at the focal point. Measuring the distance between the lens (optical centre) and the point of ...

Another way to calculate focal length is by using the lens equation technique, for which you’ll need to know the distance an object is away from the lens and the image distance.

This allows you to accurately adjust the focal length while framing your shot, while also understanding how much zoom leeway you have either way.

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Unless you’re using a fixed focal length prime lens, you may wish to figure out how to convert your lens’s focal length to its optical zoom.

If you’re using a zoom lens, you can also find the range of your lens’s focal length on the zoom ring located in the middle of the barrel.

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Knowing the focal length of a given lens is essential for selecting the right lens and image distance for a particular shot.

Master the technique of calculating the focal length of a lens with our easy-to-follow guide, essential for choosing the right lens for your photography needs.

If you don’t have the mathematical know-how or time to calculate focal length, these statistics can help you save time and cut to the information you need.

If you’re using a zoom lens, the minimum and maximum focal distance should be printed on the barrel’s zoom ring, indicating your position between these focal lengths.

At 35mm equivalent, a 20x optical zoom will provide a focal length of 26.8mm to 576mm, giving plenty of scope for long-distance shots.

It’s important to bear in mind that different brands sometimes have different crop factors for their various camera sensors.

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There are two main types of lenses used in photography: concave and convex. Each has a different effect on incoming light rays.

Concave lenses are thicker on their edges and cause light to diverge away from the focal point while having a negative focal length.

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This information can be useful when shooting wildlife or sports photography to give a clearer idea of which lens is needed to reach the action.

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Andy Dilks is an experienced landscape photographer and former games industry veteran. When he isn’t taking photos or reviewing the latest tech gadgets, you can find him hiking and wild camping in the Peak District.

For example, wide-angle lenses create a sense of space and immersion, while telephoto lenses work well to flatten perspective.

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The more you experiment with different focal lengths, the easier it will be to spot images taken with a longer or shorter focal length.

The equivalence of a 10x zoom in millimeters is dependent on the initial starting point and whether you’re using a crop or full-frame camera.

To do so, you’ll need to factor in the minimum and maximum focal length of the lens’s zoom capabilities in this simple equation:

For example, if an object is 50cm away from a lens and produces an image of 100cm, the focal length of the lens will be 33.3cm.

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Some of the more common crop factors to be aware of that relate to specific camera manufacturer sensors include the following:

Finding the focal length of a specific camera lens is easy, and is typically printed directly on the barrel of the lens for ease of access.

The phenomenon in which electromagnetic waves, such as light waves, vibrate in a preferred plane or planes; or the process of confining the vibrations to certain planes. In unpolarized light the vibrations are equally distributed in all directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. If all the vibrations are confined to one plane, the light is said to be plane-polarized (or linearly polarized). If the light in one plane is out of phase with the light in the plane at right angles to it (i.e. if the peaks and troughs of the waves are not in step), then the light is said to be circularly polarized. If all these phenomena occur together, the light is said to be elliptically polarized. Plane polarization is usually caused by scattering, and circular polarization by strong magnetic fields. Circularly and elliptically polarized light can also be produced by a wave plate. See also stokes parameters.

Figuring out the equivalent crop factor for different camera formats is a handy way to quickly convert the size of media you can work with.

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By developing the ability to guess what focal length has been used for an image, you can further understand how lenses control depth and perspective.

It’s a great way to gain inspiration and come up with new insights into the shooting process, composition, and technical considerations.

In addition to the focal length calculator, I’ll also cover how to convert your lens’s focal length into its x-times optical zoom.

Most lenses include information about their focal length on the outside of the lens barrel, as well as being listed on the product’s specifications.

Fortunately, there’s a straightforward way this can be achieved, using a quick formula based on the full-frame diagonal size compared to the smaller sensor’s diagonal size.

If you’re using a prime lens, the focal length will be fixed to the lens’s native setting, with no adjustable scale to work with.

A larger zoom lens with a coverage of 18 – 200mm would have a larger optical zoom coverage, with the equation revealing this as an 11x optical zoom.

Whether using a converging lens or diverging lens, the focal lengths represent the distance from the optical center to the image plane in the camera.

On the other hand, convex lenses are thicker in the middle and bring light to a point to create a positive object distance and an inverted image.