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1/1.56sensorsize in mm

Lorex Analog Security Cameras use coaxial cables to carry the video signal to a Digial Video Recorder (DVR) for 24/7 recording.

Having security cameras for your home or business can provide you with many benefits. First, having visible security cameras can be an invaluable deterrent to prevent events before they happen. Second, security cameras from Lorex will capture high-quality recordings of events that could ultimately be used as evidence.  Third, simply knowing that your security cameras are always there, along with the ability to remotely connect and see exactly what your cameras are seeing at any time and from any place, provides you total peace-of-mind.

Lorex IP Security Cameras leverage PoE (Power over Ethernet) technology to both transfer data and recieve power, simplifying installation and enabling professional-grade 24/7 recording on your Network Video Recorder (NVR).

The Sony VPLL-Z3009 is a Short Focus Zoom Lens for use with the following projectors: Sony VPL-FWZ60, VPL-FWZ65, VPL-FW65, VPL-FW60.

While high-bit capture offers benefits for still workflows, it offers no advantage for DSLR video workflows. The file formats used to record video are currently limited to 8 bits per channel. For this reason, greater care should be placed on monitoring exposure accurately as the types of adjustment possible for raw photo workflows are not as easily implemented on a video image.

This skewing effect is more pronounced in some cameras, such as the Nikon D90 than it is in the Canon 5D II or the RED ONE.   To minimize this image distortion, avoid fast pans. You can also use a camera dolly to smoothly move the camera and minimize distortion

Although CCD (Charge Coupled Device) preceded CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor) chips to market, most smaller sensor cameras (up to full-frame 35mm) use CMOS chips. The larger sensors found in medium/large format cameras are currently all CCD technology.

Digitalccd sensor sizes

Medium-format sensors are becoming just as crowded as some higher resolution DSLR sensors. Since medium-format lenses are longer for any given angle of view, achieving great depth of field may result in detail loss at small apertures with high megapixel count sensors. Medium-format camera makers have joined DSLR manufacturers in touting new digital lenses that claim to have higher-resolving power and have wide angle lens designs that aim to send light waves at straighter angles back to ever smaller photo sensor sites.

A feature of color filter array cameras is that for each of the photosites, only one color is actually measured- which is the color of the filter array over that photosite. The other two color values for that pixel are interpolated based on the measured color values of nearby photosites. This interpolation process is called demosaicing or replacing the mosaic color filter array pattern with continuous tone information. Although demosaiciing works very well, it can created some issues such as color artifacts and moire.

The RED One shares another characteristic with DSLR CMOS cameras that can record video: the rolling shutter effect. Since these cameras read the data off of the sensor line by line and not all at once (like CCD sensors do), moving objects, or camera panning can result in vertical objects that appear to lean. This jiggly effect is more pronounced in some cameras, such as the Nikon D90 than it is in the Canon 5D II or the RED One. To complete the convergence picture, The RED One is capable of producing single frames with high enough resolution to use for magazine covers.

Lorex offers a wide variety of security cameras - from wireless indoor Wi-Fi cameras to wired 4K weatherproof outdoor security cameras.

The trend has been to increase bit depth from the 8 bits available in JPEG capture to 12 bits, 14 bits and even 16 bits. Newer DSLR cameras have progressed from recording raw data with 12-bit tonal gradation to 14-bit tonal depth. Most medium-format sensors record 14-bit depth data with some claiming 16-bit depth. The question is whether higher bit depth translates into higher image quality.

A tutorial on diffraction issues associated with digital cameras is available at Cambridgeincolor.com. Another important discussion is available on the Luminous-Landscape site. The bottom line is that at a certain point, increasing resolution by adding more photosites without also increasing total sensor size will not add anything to image quality and, in fact, will decrease image quality, especially at small apertures.

Digital sensors come in a wider variety of sizes than we had with film formats. They range from the tiny (5.76 x 4.29 mm) to the large (53.9 x 40.4 mm).

Lorex IP Security Cameras leverage PoE (Power over Ethernet) technology to both transfer data and recieve power, simplifying installation and enabling professional-grade 24/7 recording on your Network Video Recorder (NVR).

Smaller photosites can also affect image quality due to an optical effect known as diffraction. Diffraction limits image resolution by nullifying the gains of higher megapixel counts when the lens is stopped down. As photosites get smaller, diffraction occurs at a larger f-stop. For instance, a point-and-shoot camera’s resolution can become diffraction limited between f/4.0 and f/5.6, whereas a full frame DSLR with large photosites will not become diffraction limited until between f/16 and f/22.

Lorex has been a provider of security cameras and security camera systems for over 30 years and is one of the most trusted names in the consumer security industry. We are known worldwide for our top-quality DIY security products that are both reliable and user-friendly.  Lorex products can be purchased in many retail stores and online, where we offer a vast array of individual products and security accessories, as well as pre-assembled security camera systems.  Lorex has head offices in Markham, Ontario, Canada and in Linthicum, Maryland, USA. We also have product warehouses in Markham, Indiana and California.

Smart Home Wi-Fi Cameras can be used as stand-alone security solutions for motion-based recording or connected to a Fusion Recorder for 24/7 recording.

Convergence is coming from the other end just as rapidly with the 4K RED One camera system. This camera can shoot 24 12 megapixel frames per second in a raw file format. The sensor at 24.4 x 13.7 mm is approximately the size of a Nikon DX sensor allowing for reasonably shallow depth of field with fast lenses. It has adaptors allowing the use of many standard 35mm format lenses. Its raw file format is ground breaking in several respects. It is adjustable in post production, the same as still digital raw formats, and it has two levels of visually lossless compression which allows practical on-camera recording of such high definition files.

An interesting note about measuring megapixels is that megapixel counts vary in relation to image quality depending on whether the camera sensor uses color filter array technology, Foveon technology, multi-shot, tri-linear array technology, or beam splitter technology.

Perhaps the fiercest debate when it comes to shooting DSLR video is full frame versus cropped sensors. A full frame sensor matches the size of a 35mm film frame, and the sensor is approximately 36mm x 24mm. Manufacturers like Canon, Nikon and Panasonic have different sizes for their cropped sensors or smaller sensors but generally adhere to standardized sizes based on the APS (advanced photo system). APS–C and APS–H are the most common.

For more information about noise, dynamic range and bit depth, see: http://theory.uchicago.edu/~ejm/pix/20d/tests/noise/noise-p3.html#bitdepth

Lorex offers a wide variety of security cameras - from Wireless security cameras to wired 4K weatherproof outdoor cameras.

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Since 12-bit data has 4,096 tonal levels and 14-bit data has 16,384 tonal levels, one might expect to see smoother tonal transitions and less possibility of posterization with 14-bit capture, both of which would result in higher image quality. However, this is currently not the case for most 14-bit cameras due to the fact that digital noise overwhelms the extra bit depth. Slicing the data more finely than the level of noise means that the extra bit depth doesn't contribute to image quality.

Sensorsize chart

Increasing the number of megapixels results in higher resolution but if the sensor size remains the same, it results in smaller photosites (pixels). Photosite size is referred to as the pixel pitch. Smaller photosites gather less light, so they have less signal strength. Less signal strength, all other things being equal, results in a less efficient signal to noise ratio, therefore more noise.

The final technology is the beam-splitter camera. This is in wide use in digital video cameras. The light from the lens passes through a dichroic mirrored prism that splits the light into red, green, and blue beams. Each beam is directed to a small CCD chip. The electrical signals from each CCD chip is combined to create a full color image. The use of three small CCD chips gives these types of video cameras a characteristic wide depth of field.

Ccd sensor sizescomparison

Lorex security cameras and security systems are designed for DIY installation. The installation depends on the technology that the security camera or system uses. For example, we have two types of wired security camera systems: IP security systems and Analog security systems. Both require a cable from the security camera to a recorder. Wire-Free security cameras, as well as Wi-Fi security cameras do not require a hardwired connection to a recorder. Rather, they send their data wirelessly, either to a recorder, hub, or app. The difference is that Wire-Free cameras are battery-operated and do not need to be plugged in, while Wi-Fi cameras need to be plugged in or wired into the existing power connections, as is the case for Wi-Fi security doorbells and floodlight security cameras. To learn more on security camera installation, please visit our How to Install Security Cameras article.

Lorex prides ourselves on having a security solution for all types of properties and scenarios. We sell everything from 32-camera professional-grade wired IP security systems to easy-to-install wire-free (battery-operated ) security systems to smart home security products such as Wi-Fi cameras, video doorbells, floodlight cameras, and even security sensors. Not sure what solution is right for you? Try our Solutions Finder Tool or check out our Beginner’s Guide to Lorex.

Lorex is the market leader in 4K security cameras. 4K resolution offers crystal-clear video so you can identify crucial details. For maximum resolution, shop our new collection of 4K+ (12MP) Ultra HD Resolution Cameras and Systems.

The number of pixels on a sensor can be directly translated into a print size by dividing the pixels by the pixels per inch (ppi) of the final output or output device. For instance, 1500 x 2000 pixels divided by 300 pixels per inch for printed output equals a print size of 5" x 6.7" at 300 ppi. If the output device is a computer screen which has a resolution of 72 ppi, the image at 100% will be 20.8" x 27.7".

The extent to which your photography requires high frame rates will factor into your speed vs. quality equation. The ADC also determines the sampling bit depth, as it converts the analog voltage to luminance levels. The ADC needs to be matched to the dynamic range of the sensor, thus defining the sensor bit depth for a camera.

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In this section, we provide an in-depth discussion of sensor technologies and specifications, coupled with recommendations of which to choose for a particular purpose.

Another factor that keeps us from realizing extra image quality from a 14-bit sensor as opposed to a 12-bit sensor is that most current DSLR cameras have less than 12 stops of dynamic range. Unfortunately, this makes the extra bit depth superfluous data. There are some exceptions. Fuji cameras employ two sets of pixels of differing sensitivity that allow for spanning more than 13 stops, so 14-bit depth is useful in that case. The latest Sony sensors, used in Nikon, Pentax and Sony cameras, have very low noise levels and high dynamic range and so are close to being able to generate genuinely useful 14-bit data.

CCD chips, commonly used for medium and large format sensors, tend to generate more heat than CMOS sensors: more heat contributes to noise.

Multi-shot cameras require three exposures, one each through red, green, and blue filters. Multi-shot cameras don't require color interpolation so their megapixel counts are understated in terms of image quality when compared to single shot color filter array cameras. The same can be said of tri-linear array cameras. These cameras are called scan-back cameras because they work the same as scanners, a three-part sensor array one each for red, green, and blue sweeps across the sensor area recording all three colors from the scene in the process. It has similar quality to a multishot camera although the means of recording the image is different.

Don’t miss any details with Lorex’s Color Night Vision (CNV) technology, which delivers full-color video in low-light conditions. Lorex cameras also include powerful infrared LEDs for crisp black and white security camera night vision in total darkness.

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Lorex offers a wide range of outdoor security cameras that are designed to withstand heavy rain, snow, and extreme temperatures. Every camera includes an IP Rating that signifies its ability to protect against both dust and water. Looking for the best weatherproof security cameras? Shop our collection of industry leading IP67 security cameras.

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As sensor technology continues to evolve, lower noise levels and greater dynamic range promise to make high bit depth capture a useful feature in future cameras.

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Digital sensors that use Bayer pattern arrays (which is most of them) are subject to aliasing (jaggies) and moiré (a colorful pattern appearing when a scene contains a repetitive pattern that lines up with the Bayer pattern overlaying the sensor).

1/2.3sensorsize vs 1 inch

FIGURE 2 Larger sensors can hold more photosites (or more photosites that are larger). Both larger sensors and larger photosites are an advantage from an image quality standpoint. Another important factor for photographers to consider is whether the sensor is “full frame” or will the sensor size crop the angle of view of the lens. Equally important is the aspect ratio. Some photographers are used to and prefer the 35mm 1.5:1 ratio, while many others are wedded to the 1.33:1 ratio of medium-format. The 1.33:1 ratio fits normal publication page sizes better and is often preferred for that reason. The so-called “crop factor” was an impediment for many photographers in the early days of digital capture. Some have grown to like its advantages while others were relieved when full frame sensors allowed full use of wide-angle lenses. Since digital sensors are not tied to any particular film format and they only need to be compatible with lens coverage, we wonder why there hasn’t been more innovation in aspect ratios. Why wouldn’t we have a 1.33:1 or even a 1.25:1 DSLR sensor that uses the full 36 mm width, i.e. 36x28mm or 36x29mm?

Phase One has acknowledged that packing sensors with ever higher numbers of ever smaller photosites does create limitations in terms of ISO and f/stop settings by introducing a “binning” function in their new Sensor+ camera backs. For instance, the Phase P65+ back has 60 million 6 micron pixels. This gives extremely high resolution but at the expense of image quality if pushed much beyond ISO 200 and stopped down much past f/11. Combining 4 photosites into one through a proprietary technology results in a 15 MP sensor with relatively large 12 micron pixels. This function completely changes the character of the sensor, allowing faster image capture, higher ISO settings and likely less diffraction issues.

Keep in mind that cameras with smaller sensors have a higher depth of field at any given f/stop, so diffraction is not quite as limiting as it might appear. Still, the effect is noticeable enough that a review of the Canon D50 (15.1 megapixels) concluded that it required higher quality lenses to realize the same image quality as its predecessor, the Canon D40 (10.1 megapixels).

Digital camera sensors are made up of millions of tiny wells that collect photons of light. Each of these wells is called a photosite. During an exposure, each photosite will collect a certain number of photons based on the light characteristics of the scene and the length of the exposure. Each photo-site will transmit an electrical signal corresponding to the amount of photons it collected during an exposure.

If the sensor is only half the size of a normal 35mm frame, it is said to have a crop factor of 2. If you multiply the focal length by the crop factor, you’ll see how the field of view on the small sensor relates to 35mm. For instance, a 50mm lens on a camera with a crop factor of 2 will have the same field of view as a 100mm lens does on a 35mm camera.

Foveon sensors don't require color filter arrays at all since they record all three colors of light at each photosite. Foveon sensors don't need as many photosites (megapixels) in order to achieve the same apparent image quality at any given output size. The issue with Foveon sensors is that the pixel interpolation required to make a Foveon image the same size as a color filter array camera image is roughly equivalent to the color interpolation that occurs with demosaicing.

This effect is much more pronounced at higher ISO settings, because increasing the ISO setting requires cranking up the amplification of the signal, which, in turn, increases the noise level.

At this point, both technologies can achieve the highest image quality. The Foveon sensor is of the CMOS variety although it's method of collecting light is entirely different from color filter array sensors. The fundamental difference between CMOS and CCD technology is that CMOS integrated circuits have more processing functions on the chip itself.

This is why point-and-shoot cameras produce noisy images at high ISO settings, and why the Nikon D3 with its large pixel pitch (8.4 µm) has much lower noise at high ISO settings than a point-and-shoot that might have a pixel pitch as small as 1.7 µm.

Nikonccd sensor sizes

CCD integrated circuits have the single function of collecting light and converting it to electrical signals. CMOS chips tend to use less power, generate less heat, and provide faster read-out of the electrical signal data. In addition, CMOS sensors can provide additional signal processing such as noise reduction on the chip itself. This explains to some extent why CMOS chipped cameras tend to provide more highly processed, less "raw" data than the CCD chips normally found in medium format backs.

This contrasts with digital video shot with the comparatively large sensors used in DSLR cameras which can produce a shallow depth-of-field. Shallow depth of field and excellent image quality is leading even some film makers to use cameras such as the Canon 5D II for serious film projects.

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Smart Home Wi-Fi Cameras can be used as stand-alone security solutions for motion-based recording or connected to a Fusion Recorder for 24/7 recording.

These electrical signals are converted to luminance values and collected for all of the photosites. This aggregate of luminance values forms the basis of an image. If the sensor has 1500 photosites on one side and 3000 photosites on the other side, it has 1500 x 2000 or 3,000,000 photosites. Since each photosite represents a pixel in the final image, the sensor is said to have 3,000,000 pixels or 3 megapixels.

Cropped factors can be a benefit or a drawback, depending on what you are trying to accomplish. With a higher crop factor, you can get much longer reach on your lenses without having to purchase expensive telephoto lenses. Unfortunately, the opposite is true when trying to shoot wide. To get a nice wide-angle view, you’ll need to purchase wider lenses.

Lorex Analog Security Cameras use coaxial cables to carry the video signal to a Digial Video Recorder (DVR) for 24/7 recording.

So why does it matter what size the sensor is? As a general rule of thumb, the larger the sensor, the greater the influence on depth of field (DOF). Put simply, a large sensor allows you to blur the background easier than a small sensor with the same lens. The artistic use of shallow depth of field is one of the aesthetic reasons DSLR video cameras are so popular for shooting video. Large sensors allow for greater control in the DOF (which many equate to a cinematic look). Generally, full frame bodies are more expensive than cropped sensors, so you’ll need to decide if the added DOF of a full frame sensor is worth it to you.

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Camerasensorsize calculator

Explore Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) Security Cameras for large open areas, IK10 Vandal Proof Security Cameras for within-reach installations, Battery-Operated Security Cameras for maximum versatility, Smart Deterrence Security Cameras to help prevent events before they happen, or Dual Lens Security Cameras for massive 180° field of views.

MegapixelsSensor sizeCrop factorPixel pitch (relative size of the photosites/pixels)Pixel size and diffractionSensor typeVideoRolling shutter explainedCMOS vs. CCDMicro lenses and filtersFilters in front of the sensor (low-pass, anti-aliasing, anti-moiré):Quality of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and its read speedSensor bit depth (8-bits, 12-bits, 14-bits, 16-bits)

First we should dispel the myth that higher bit depth translates into higher dynamic range. It does not. Dynamic range is determined by the sensor's ability to read very low brightness as well as very high brightness levels. High bit depth slices the data more finely, but does not increase the ratio between the lowest and highest brightness levels a sensor can record.

Wired cameras, such as IP Cameras or Analog Cameras, must be connected to a Security Recorder and offer the most stable connection and continuous recording. Wireless security cameras, on the other hand, are connected over a Wi-Fi network and record motion events to an on-board microSD card and offer easy installation and placement versatility.

FIGURE 7 Digital sensor photosites have significantly more depth than the relatively flat surface of film. The use of micro lenses to focus incoming light from the lens down into the sensor has become a common way to increase sensor efficiency and how to avoid problems caused by the angled light path that commonly occurs with wide-angle lenses. Until recently, most medium-format sensors did not have micro lenses, which is why medium-format backs did not work as well with wide angles, and why the use of shifting lenses often resulted in lens cast (a magenta/green color shift across the image). The use of micro lenses has greatly improved the efficiency of digital sensors while also helping to nullify the effects of squeezing ever more resolution without increasing sensor size. In addition, effective micro lenses can help to alleviate diffraction limits by capturing the light that would have fallen outside the photosites.

From wireless smart home security cameras (Indoor Wi-Fi Cameras, Outdoor Wi-Fi Cameras, and Floodlight Cameras) to wired CCTV surveillance cameras (IP Security Cameras and Analog Security Cameras) to Battery-Operated Security Cameras, Lorex offers a security camera solution for every need.

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1/1.28sensorsize

There are many reasons why buying a Lorex security camera or security camera system is the right choice.  With over 30 years of experience, our technology is top-of-the-line. We offer the features you need, such as 4K recording, Color Night Vision, Active Deterrence, and Smart Motion Detection, just to name a few. There are also never any additional fees after purchase as Lorex products do not require any monitoring or cloud storage fees. We also offer things such as free shipping, 1-year warranties, and a 30 day money back guarantee if you’re not satisfied.

Please see our Frequently Asked Questions article for more information about Lorex, our products, our technology, or our remote viewing apps. Learn More

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One problem with DSLR CMOS cameras that can record video is the rolling shutter effect. Since these cameras read the data off of the sensor line by line and not all at once (like CCD sensors do), moving objects, or camera panning can result in vertical objects that appear to lean since the top of the frame is scanned at a slightly different time than the bottom of the frame.

If you choose a body that has a cropped sensor, you’ll need to examine the sensor crop factor. Smaller sensors show a smaller field of view for a given focal length. The term Crop Factor is used to define how the small sensor relates to a 35mm (24x26mm) frame.

Color filter arrays are composed of red, green, and blue (and sometimes other colors) filters that are placed over the sensor photosites. The great majority of digital cameras use color filter array technology, specifically a Bayer-pattern color filter array (shown on the left). A few manufacturers have experimented with other types of arrays, notably Kodak and Sony (shown on the right).You'll notice that the Sony color filter array introduces a fourth color which they call emerald to the array.

As usual, manufacturers are working towards doing both. The quality available from medium-format sensors is partly due to their slower frame rates (in some cases by a factor of 10).

Similar to the race to higher megapixels and the need to keep digital noise at bay, there is tension between the need for higher frame rates and the higher image quality gained by giving the ADC more time to collect data from the sensor.

Some medium-format backs have active cooling to counteract that effect. CCD chips in cameras used by astronomers are cooled with liquid nitrogen to combat noise realized at the long exposures required for their specialized type of photography.