Avoid scratching the lasered area. Avoid exposure to direct and intense sunlight and allow the lasered area to gradually heal.

ND:YAG laser is one of the most important solid-state lasers. In this device, the active substance is a metal ion with a low concentration in a crystal structure or in a glass as impurities.

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ND stands for Neodymium and “YAG” stands for Yttrium Aluminum Garnet. Neodymium ion provides laser activity inside the crystal. ND:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm is able to reach deeper layers of the skin more than all previous lasers. It is often used to remove tattoos, excessive hair, and lesions such as hyperpigmentation. Its mechanism of action is that the laser emits high-energy wavelengths and concentrates the generated heat in the cells and germinal centers of the follicles, leading to their destruction. The ND: YAG laser is quite effective for all six skin types in different people, and one of its advantages is that it can be used even for people with tanned skin.

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Aftab Forouzan Aria Company, with the help of God’s grace, has started its work in 2004 with the aim of serving the medical community based on truth and honesty.

ND:YAG laser is in the category of solid lasers. The ND:YAG laser emits light with a wavelength and penetrates to the deeper skin. This penetration destroys the surface of the skin in a controlled manner. The ND:YAG laser is used for various skin treatments, like hair removal. The wavelength emitted by ND:YAG is close to infrared, which penetrates deep into the skin, leaving efficient therapeutic effects.

ND:YAG laser is one of the best technologies used in hair removal devices. Furthermore, many other therapeutic applications, such as tattoo removal, have led many people to choose this laser for treatment. If you have any questions or concerns about how the ND:YAG laser works, leave a comment below. Our expert colleagues in Aftab Forouzan Arya will answer your questions.

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Using the earliest microscopes, scientists glimpsed a world of unimaginable complexity – and they wanted to know more. To satisfy this urge, microscope technology became more sophisticated over time, letting us look more and more closely at objects. We’ve been able to ask more specific questions about the object we’re viewing: What does its surface or internal structure look like? What is it made up of? How does it change over time? For each of these questions, specialised microscopes have now been developed that can provide the answers.

ND:YAG laser is one of the advanced treatment technologies. This top technology is used in many hair removal devices, as well as devices related to skin treatments. In this article, the ND:YAG laser and its treatment cases are fully reviewed.

The Exploring with microscopes – question bank provides a list of questions about microscopy and places where their answers can be found. The questions support an inquiry approach.

Microscopes are the tools that allow us to look more closely at objects, seeing beyond what is visible with the naked eye. Without them, we would have no idea about the existence of cells or how plants breathe or how rocks change over time. Our understanding of the world around us would be severely limited – and this is why many scientists see microscopes as the most important scientific instrument there is.

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This SEM image of tin spheres of various sizes (used to calibrate the microscope) was taken by Liz Girvan. It won an image competition in Otago and has attracted worldwide interest.

Due to the advanced effects of ND:YAG laser, consult a specialist before treatment. It is recommended to use analgesic creams at least a few hours before laser therapy.

Dr Rebecca Campbell is studying a small group of brain cells (GnRH neurons) that control fertility. Learn about her remarkable discoveries about how these cells interconnect – all done using microscopes of course!

The ND: YAG laser has a variety of uses. ND:YAG laser is used for many skin diseases. Some of the most important ND:YAG laser treatment applications are:

Dr Bronwyn Lowe describes her use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore harakeke leaves. Bronwyn found that different harakeke varieties have differently patterned waxes on the leaf surface. She also explored the distribution of fibre (muka) in the leaves of different varieties.

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We live in a beautiful world – and that beauty and complexity extends far beyond what humans can see unaided. From plant and animal anatomy to cells and proteins and even down to the level of atoms, there are worlds within worlds of detail to be explored on the microscopic scale.

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Our microscope resources invite students to share in the sense of wonder that scientists have felt for centuries looking through the microscope. We look at the diversity of objects on the microscopic scale and introduce several New Zealand scientists who use microscopes to explore the things that interest them. At the same time, we show how microscopes themselves have evolved to look more and more closely at the world around us.

The student activities provide plenty of hands-on experiences. Modelling animal cells in 3D imitates what can be seen under high-resolution microscopes. Using lolly slices to build 3D images and Using shadows to build 3D images model how scientists interpret microscopic data. Ferns under the microscope demonstrates how increasing the power of magnification leads to much greater detail. For younger students use the Making a simple microscope activity – it uses accessible technology to increase students’ ability to observe closely.

Our microscope resources emphasise the link between microscope technology and the science that microscopes have helped uncover. The activity Which microscope is best? is a good starting point for learning how specialised microscopes can help answer different scientific questions.

Aftab Forouzan Aria Company, with the help of God’s grace, has started its work in 2004 with the aim of serving the medical community based on truth and honesty.

Dr Rebecca Campbell (University of Otago) discusses the importance of fluorescent molecules in confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (‘confocal microscopy’) of cells. She explains how green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish can be used to make specific neurons glow green.

At the University of Otago, Dr Bronwyn Lowe and Māori weavers have been working closely together to explore several properties of harakeke (New Zealand flax). In the article Harakeke under the microscope, learn about the differences between harakeke varieties on the microscopic scale and explore how mātauranga Māori (traditional Māori knowledge) can shed light on scientific research.

The Accento Alex ND:YAG laser is one of the best devices in the country that utilizes the ND:YAG laser for treatment. This advanced device is offered in the Iranian market by Aftab Forouzan Aria Company, (AFA). We suggest you refer to the page of “Accento Alex ND:YAG Laser” for more information about this device.

New Zealanders are only too aware of how devastating a major earthquake can be. Professor Dave Prior and his group are looking for clues to how and why earthquakes happen. In the article Squishy rocks and earthquakes and the interactive From mountains to microscopes, follow Dave and the team as they collect rock samples from deep in the Alpine Fault (Westland) and see how microscopy of rocks can shed light on the history of movement in the fault.

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Generally, 4 to 10 sessions of ND:YAG laser therapy are required to be effective. However, the type of skin and treatment may reduce or increase the number of sessions.

Associate Professor Tony Poole shares his story about the primary cilium, a structure of the surface of cells that seems to monitor what’s going on in the cell surroundings. This elusive structure was first tracked down using microscopes, and many aspects of how it works remain mysterious. In the article A closer look at the cell’s antenna, see how Tony is using microscopes to build a 3D computer model of the primary cilium.

ND:YAG laser does not have severe side effects. Complications such as pain, redness, swelling, and itching of the lasered area immediately after the laser are normal and go down after a few days. In some very rare cases, the laser site becomes bruised or a bacterial infection develops in it. In these cases, care and taking antibiotics can easily solve the problem.