The value of hypotenuse (h) also depends on a field of view value. With riflescopes, the hypotenuse is set at 100m because the field of view is being measured at 100m. With binoculars, spotting scopes, and other optical devices the field of view is measured at 1000m, so the hypotenuse is also 1000m.

This is where microscope objective specifications come in. These specifications tell you the optical performance, such as magnification, aberration correction, and other parameters. You don’t have to look far to find them—in fact, our specifications are listed as a code within the objective lens name! This makes it easy to distinguish between objective types at a glance.

*The objective may work with other observation methods not expressed in the code, including brightfield (reflected), brightfield (transmitted), darkfield (reflected), darkfield (transmitted), DIC (reflected), DIC (transmitted), phase contrast, relief contrast, polarization, fluorescence (B/G excitation), UV fluorescence (at 365 nm), multiphoton, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF), and infrared (IR). Please refer to our website for the full objective specifications.

High powerobjective microscopefunction

Objectives with PL or Plan are corrected for field curvature at the periphery of the field. This objective type is particularly suitable for imaging because it can focus not only on the center of the field of view but also on the periphery. This enables you to obtain a flat image from the center to the edge.

For calculation, we use the same triangle as we did in the first case, with a peak at the lens and the base at the field of view.

Sep 15, 2020 — To judge the performance of a microscope, the FIELD of VIEW (FOV) is a criterion of interest. What is this FIELD of VIEW?

In this post, we’ll share how to read the optical performance from the name of a microscope objective so that you can easily find the correct objective lens for your application. As our objective lenses for life science and industrial applications have different naming rules, we’ll discuss how to read the specifications for each field.

The segment of a circle is a totally different method to calculate the angle. For calculations, we don’t use a linear chord but a circular arc.

As the FOV increases the segment method is more accurate. I also think that the segment method is easier to calculate than both triangle methods. The segment method is easier to use because there is no trigonometry in its calculations.

The number before the X represents the magnification of the objective when combined with a tube lens from Evident with a focal length of 180 mm. Evident offers objectives with magnifications ranging from 1.25–150X.

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Thank you for your this article on FOV. As an aside, adding the .xlsx makes up for not mentioning apparent FOV, AFOV. I like your academic approach. Yet I would prefer defining the Object Distance along the optical axis rather than the hypotenuse. What do you think? The object´s position is on the chord, not on the virtual arc.

When we look at the results we can see that there are some differences between calculation methods. When we used the triangle method the linear FOV in both cases is 122.09707m. This means that it doesn’t matter which triangle method we use to calculate the linear FOV. When we calculate FOV with a segment method we got a bit different result, 122.17304m. I think that the segment method is easier to calculate than the triangle method.

For life science, we’ll use the objective lens called UPLXAPO100XOPH as an example. You can understand the optical performance from the objective lens name by dividing the name into six parts, 1 through 6. Below is an overview, and we’ll explain each part in the following six sections.

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If you wish to calculate the FOV for your binocular with any of these methods there is an Excel file attached. In the file, there are formulas for all three methods.

I started to write this article because I wanted to find out if there is any difference in angle value when using different calculation methods.

If the angle is high this means that the field of view is wide – the higher the angle, the wider the field of view. I wrote this article because I wanted to show you how to convert linear FOV to angular FOV and the other way around.

High powerobjective lens

ACH = achromat. Excellent correction of chromatic aberration in two colors (blue and red). FL = semi-apochromat. Excellent correction of chromatic aberration in three colors (blue, green, and red). APO = apochromat. Corrects the chromatic aberration of three colors (blue, green, and red) better than FL.

We can see that there are some differences between both calculation methods. With the triangle method, the angle γ in both cases is 7.1666°. This means that it doesn’t matter which triangle method we use to calculate the angle.

If we use the second method, there is no need to divide the triangle. The law of cosines is used for calculating the angles of a triangle if we know all three sides (as it is in our case).

Objective lenses are crucial to a microscope’s performance as they affect the quality of the formed image. Evident offers more than 200 types of objective lenses to suit a wide range of imaging requirements in life science and industry. With so many options available, you might be wondering which objective is best for your work.

With the right-triangle method, we use the same triangle as we did in the first chapter with a peak at the lens and the base at the field of view. We divide the triangle into two right triangles.

Like the life science objectives, industrial objectives marked PL or Plan are corrected for field curvature at the periphery of the field of view. This objective type is particularly suitable for imaging because it can focus not only on the center of the field of view but also on the periphery. This enables you to obtain a flat image from the center to the edge.

n order to convert the field of view expressed in degrees to meters we can use the same two methods as we did in the first chapter. The only difference is that instead of an angle γ we need to calculate the chord/arc length value.

This article will help you if FOV is expressed in meters or yards and you want it to be in degrees. Most manufacturers already state how much is the angle of view on their optical devices. If you are still not certain what is the size of the angle on your binocular, here are some methods how to calculate it.

M = metal (no cover) LM = long working distance for metal SLM = Super long working distance for metal MX = high NA and long working distance for metal

Note that SAPO and XAPO are Evident's original names that indicate the grade of chromatic aberration. Detailed definitions of ACH, FL, and APO are described in ISO, so please refer to ISO19012-2.

ACH = achromat. Excellent correction of chromatic aberration in two colors (blue and red). FL = semi-apochromat. Excellent correction of chromatic aberration in three colors (blue, green, and red).  APO = apochromat. Corrects the chromatic aberration of three colors (blue, green, and red) better than FL. SAPO = super apochromat. Good correction of chromatic aberration in the visible to infrared range (435 to 1000 nm). XAPO = extended apochromat. Good correction of chromatic aberration in the visible to infrared range (400–1000 nm).

This code indicates whether it is a dry objective lens used for observation without immersion liquid or an immersion objective lens for observation using immersion liquid. In the case of immersion objectives, the liquid used is represented by the symbol O for oil or W for water.

*The objective may work with other observation methods not expressed in the code, including brightfield (reflected), brightfield (transmitted), darkfield (reflected), darkfield (transmitted), DIC (reflected), DIC (transmitted), phase contrast, relief contrast, polarization, fluorescence (B/G excitation), UV fluorescence (at 365 nm), multiphoton, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF), and infrared (IR). Please refer to our website for the full objective specifications.

Field of view is the measured area of the scene a person sees when looking through the binoculars. It depends on the build of the eyepiece, thickness of the lenses and it is also affected by magnification. Field of view can be expressed in multiple measurements. Measurements in yards, feet, and meters are called the linear field of view. Besides the linear field of view, there is also an angular field of view where the field of view is provided in angular degrees.

What are the 3objectivelenseson a microscope

In addition to the name of the objective lens, information on the numerical aperture (NA), magnification, cover glass thickness, immersion liquid, and objective field number (OFN) is provided on the exterior of the objective lens. Below is an example of the UPLXAPO100XO objective that explains how to read these specifications.

We hope this list of microscope objective specifications was helpful! Be sure to bookmark it for easy reference when selecting an objective lens. If you are unsure about choosing an objective lens or have any questions, feel free to contact us. We can help you select the best objective based on factors such as sample type, imaging technique, numerical aperture, and desired magnification.

Although we used two different triangle methods to calculate the angle, the results are the same. This means that it is not important which triangle method we use. If you want to calculate the angle of view for your binoculars with the triangle calculation you can use the method that you prefer best.

With the segment method, the angle is different, 7.1619°. Both methods provide pretty similar answers, but if we change the FOV from 125m/1000m to 140m/1000m we can see that the difference in angle increases. If the FOV is 125m/1000m the difference in angle between triangle and a segment of a circle method is 4.7*10-3. If FOV is 140m/1000m the difference in angle increases to 6.5*10-3.

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Objective lens microscopefunction

Triangle calculation involves applying trigonometry to calculate the angle of view. There are two different possibilities to calculate the angle.

The correction range for chromatic aberration in objectives differs for each code. The level of chromatic aberration improves in the order of ACH, FL, APO, SAPO, and XAPO. If chromatic aberration is well corrected, sharp fluorescence images with no out-of-focus areas can be obtained for each color even in multicolor observation using fluorescent reagents covering a wide band.

Objective lensmagnification

Just like the life science objectives, the number before the X in industrial objectives represents the magnification of the objective when combined with a tube lens from Evident with a focal length of 180 mm. Evident offers objectives with magnifications ranging from 1.25–150X.

The code M stands for metal, and it is an objective lens for observation without a cover glass. In addition, the following codes are used according to the length of the working distance and optical performance.

There are two methods to calculate the angle of view. You can use a triangle calculation or a segment of a circle. There is a difference in the distance line between both methods. The triangle method uses the length of a chord while a segment of a circle uses curved boundary length (circular arc) for calculation.

U = universal objective lens. This objective lens achieves a high level of basic performance in terms of both differential interference performance and fluorescence performance capable of U excitation. It can be used for brightfield observation and fluorescence observation by blue/green (B/G) excitation, as well as for differential interference contrast (DIC) observation and fluorescence observation by U excitation.

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DIC observation* is possible due to features such as the pupil position that matches the microscope system from Evident. In addition, it has good transmittance at 365 nm (the U excitation wavelength) and has low autofluorescence, enabling fluorescence observation by U excitation.

Objective lensfunction

Objective lens on a microscopemeaning

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L = long working distance objective lens. This is an objective lens with a long working distance (the distance from the tip of the objective lens to the specimen surface when focused). In general, there is a trade-off between resolution and working distance. If you want space between the objective lens and the sample, or if you want to observe deep parts, give priority to working distance over resolution.

We will use the MPLFLN100XBD objective lens as an example in the industrial field. Note that some of the specifications are the same as those of objective lenses for life science. For industrial objectives, you can understand the objective lens name at a glance by dividing it into five parts, 1 through 5.

After we calculate the length of all three sides of a right triangle then we can use trigonometry to calculate the angle γ.

Types ofobjectivelenses

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The first possibility uses a triangle with a peak at the lens and the base at the field of view. Before we start to make any calculations, we must divide the triangle into two right triangles.

Makoto Kuwano has been in charge of microscope product development for 12 years at Evident. He currently works in the Optical Development Division, where he is involved in optical design of objective lenses, development of component products, and development of measurement techniques for product performance. He holds a Master of Science degree from Tohoku University in Japan.

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Our website provides a wide range of technical content and product information about our microscope objective lenses. For more details, simply refer to the following links:

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The correction range for chromatic aberration differs for each code. There are three types, ACH, FL, and APO, and the chromatic aberration performance is defined in the same way as the objective lenses for life science.