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InGaAs photodiode arrays and their wide wavelength operating range are ideal for multispectral imaging and the high quantum efficiency makes them very sensitive. While normally achieving wider wavelength coverage than can be achieved in a device from an InGaAs photodiode alone is done by using multiple photodiodes, there are now developments to make single monolithic InGaAs photodiodes that integrate a GaAs layer to make a photodiode capable of detecting in the IR and visible regions.

Dr. Rebecca Ingle is a researcher in the field of ultrafast spectroscopy, where she specializes in using X-ray and optical spectroscopies to track precisely what happens during light-triggered chemical reactions.

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Gavrilov, D., et al. (2013). Experimental Comparative Study of the Applicability of Infrared Techniques for Non- destructive Evaluation of Paintings. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 52(1), pp.48–60. doi.org/10.1179/0197136012Z.0000000002

Ingle, Rebecca. (2023, August 03). InGaAs Photodiodes - Properties and Applications. AZoSensors. Retrieved on November 21, 2024 from https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2866.

Photodiodes only have a limited operating wavelength range. The operating range typically spans ~ 320 – 1100 nm for silicon photodiodes, so most of the visible and the near infra-red region (NIR).4 Many sensing applications benefit from using longer NIR wavelengths through to the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region.

The field of view (FOV) is the angular extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment. In the case of optical instruments or sensors, ...

Malchow, D. S., et al. (2008, February). Development of high-speed InGaAs linear array and camera for OCT and machine vision. In Optical Components and Materials V (Vol. 6890, pp. 94-102). SPIE. doi.org/10.1117/12.771540

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While there is a small amount of current measured on a photodiode, even in the absence of any light, what is known as the dark current, a significant amount more charge carriers are created when light shines on the diode. The absorbed photons must be sufficiently energetic to create new charge carrier species and increase the overall current measured.

Oct 28, 2014 — In the field of optics, optical path length or optical distance is the product of the geometric length of the path light follows through a ...

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Photodiodes are light-sensitive semiconductor diodes that produce a current proportional to the number of photons the diode is exposed to. Photodiodes are an incredibly important type of sensor with numerous applications, including fire safety, photovoltaics and automation.1-3 Here, we dive into the properties and applications of InGaAs photodiodes.

Stoppa, D., et al. (2002). A CMOS photosensor test-chip for smoke detection applications. Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2, pp.161–164. doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2002.1010949

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Geum, D. M., et al. (2019). Monolithic integration of visible GaAs and near-infrared InGaAs for multicolor photodetectors by using high-throughput epitaxial lift-off toward high-resolution imaging systems. Scientific Reports, 9(1), pp.1–12. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55159-x

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Some devices that require sensing over an extended wavelength range may make use of dual diodes made from different materials, such as silicon which offers better performance in the UV to the visible range.

Tina, G. M., et al. (2013). Intelligent sun-tracking system based on multiple photodiode sensors for maximisation of photovoltaic energy production. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 91, pp.16–28. doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2012.07.020

InGaAs photodiodes are commonly used in spectroscopy and spectrophotometry measurements and sensing. Using InGaAs photodiode arrays for machine vision and automation applications is becoming increasingly common as InGaAs photodiodes work efficiently in low visible light conditions and therefore do not require external illumination as visible cameras would.7

InGaAs photodiodes use a mixture of three elements to efficiently absorb light in the ~ 800 – 2600 nm. Depending on the exact bandgap required for the sensor, the ratio of indium to gallium can be modified to achieve the right energy separation and maximize the efficiency of the InGaAs photodiode in the desired wavelength region.

In this interview, AZoSensors speaks to Merit Sensor's Rick E. Russel about the critical role MEMS pressure sensors will play in water conservation efforts.

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In this interview, Matt Styf and Kyle Rudge from Sensata Technologies discuss the latest innovations in battery management systems, fast disconnect devices, and emerging trends in the electrification and automotive industries.

The operating principle that underpins most photodiodes uses a P-N junction in the semiconductor material. The P-type carriers are mostly holes and the N-type carriers are electrons. Once a reverse bias is applied to the photodiode there is only a very slight movement of charge carriers through the circuit, resulting in a small level of current. For InGaAs photodiodes, the name comes from the semiconductor material that forms the P-N junction.

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Hashagen, J. (2015). Seeing Beyond the Visible in machine vision. Optik&Photonik, 3, pp.34–37. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/opph.201500021

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Multispectral imaging, or its higher resolution counterpart, hyperspectral imaging, is becoming a more mainstream imaging method.9 Multispectral imaging records signals from electromagnetic radiation across several different wavelength ranges and can be used to recover more complex datasets for improved identification of chemical species or complementary temperature and species identification information.

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Kardys, G. (2023) Marktech optoelectronics, https://marktechopto.com/marktech-optoelectronics-wins-2023-best-of-sensors-awards-in-the-aerospace-and-space-category/, accessed July 2023

Imaging with SWIR radiation is a popular, non-destructive way of ‘seeing through’ objects to look at their contents or layers underneath surfaces. SWIR imaging has become particularly popular in art history and restoration as well as for recycling complex plastics that may be covered in labels or be a complex mixture of materials.5,6

The CM-200 Gas Sensor Development Kit is a PCB developed to help customers go from concept to product as quickly as possible.

Ingle, Rebecca. 2023. InGaAs Photodiodes - Properties and Applications. AZoSensors, viewed 21 November 2024, https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2866.

Calibration measurements are not the only important part of ensuring devices containing InGaAs photodiodes make accurate and reliable measurements. Sensors can become contaminated by their local environment, affecting the level of current readout or damaged by irradiation with intense light sources or particle collisions.

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For medical, aerospace and more demanding applications, recent developments in the InGaAs photodiodes from Marktech Optoelectronics have shown that hermetic sealing can help improve sensor performance.8 Hermetic sealing keeps the sensors air and moisture tight so no other species can adsorb to the sensor's surface or affect the electronic properties, which could lead to inaccuracies in the current readout.

Polarization of light is a property that applies to turning waves that shows the geometrical blooming of the oscillations. In a turning wave, the way of the ...

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For many applications, particularly in automation where feedback systems are used, the readout and response time of an InGaAs photodiode is very important. The new award-winning Marktech InGaAs photodiodes are also designed to have good response times for quick detection. Their key focus is very high levels of sensitivity for detection in challenging environments such as for point-of-care- medical devices or wearable technologies.

Successful detection of SWIR or longer wavelength region needs photodiodes made of the right material – and for these wavelength region, Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodiodes are the typical choice.

Yakuphanoglu, F. (2007). Photovoltaic properties of hybrid organic/inorganic semiconductor photodiode. Synthetic Metals, 157(21), pp.859–862. doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2007.08.012

Ingle, Rebecca. "InGaAs Photodiodes - Properties and Applications". AZoSensors. https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2866. (accessed November 21, 2024).

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Coffey, V. C. (2012). Multispectral imaging moves into the mainstream. OPN Optics & Photonics News, 23(4), pp.18–24. doi.org/10.1364/OPN.23.4.000018

There are several different photodiode types, including avalanche photodiodes and PIN photodiodes. Avalanche InGaAs photodiodes typically offer reduced noise levels and improved sensitivity over more traditional PIN InGaAs photodiodes.

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For applications where absolute numbers of photons must be measured, such as for the characterization of laser sources, the calibration of the InGaAs photodiode is very important. As the diode response of the InGaAs photodiode can vary from diode to diode, it is important that the output current levels for individual devices are calibrated.

Aug 26, 2024 — I took this as a sign to stay with Nikon and that they would come out with a 50MP monster to tackle the Canon EOS 5DR – that camera was the ...

Ingle, Rebecca. "InGaAs Photodiodes - Properties and Applications". AZoSensors. 21 November 2024. .

Young, E. T. (2013). Long-Wavelength Infrared Detectors. In T. D. Oswalt & I. S. McLean (Eds.), Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems: Volume 1: Telescopes and Instrumentation (pp.565–585). Springer Netherlands. doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5621-2_14