An optical collimator consists of a collimating lens connected to a measuring device such as a collimator, spectrometer, or light meter. A collimator lens utilized for remote sensing is connected to the measuring device through a fiber connection.

Raman spectroscopyPDF

Raman scattering describes the interaction of the photons (particles of light) with the molecules of the medium. The photons create molecular vibration in the sample. During this process the photons lose energy. Because the wavelength of the light is dependent on its energy, the wavelength is reduced by the loss of energy, in other words: the frequency changes compared to that of the incident light. The frequencies produced by Raman scattering are dependent on the material on which the light is incident. The frequency differences are dependent on various energies in the material such as the rotation, spin-flip and vibration processes. Part of this energy is transferred from the material to the light and changes the frequency of the light. This is the so-called Raman effect.

The applications of Raman spectroscopy in medicine are very varied. In this way, for example, the chemical composition of kidney stones can be analysed immediately after their removal. Then the patient can be given tailored recommendations for the prevention of new stones without complex analyses in specialist laboratories. It is also possible to analyse a living biological sample using its Raman spectrum. Neither of these methods has become established as standard yet.

A collimating lens, typically constructed from a curved mirror, is meticulously aligned to maximize light collection from a source. This alignment ensures that the light rays can be observed without parallax errors. The lens effectively prevents light from dispersing in various directions, enabling users to direct illumination in a parallel path.

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Raman spectroscopyprinciple and instrumentation PDF

Depending on the light source, beam collimators may need additional optical components to reduce light divergence. For example, if the light sources have a high beam divergence, it may be required to employ aspheric optics to decrease beam quality deteriorations.

Display measurement – Collimating lenses allow the evaluation of display parameters such as flicker, color, response time, gamma, and white point correction. The lens enables the alignment of the measurement point, resulting in precise and reliable measurement results.

Collimating lenses come in two main types: single and achromatic beam collimators. These devices are often crafted from materials such as lead, tin, tungsten, bismuth, molybdenum, and high-density plastic. The production of collimating lenses involves several key steps: molding, polishing, coating, assembling, and testing to ensure quality and performance.

Shanghai Optics. "Understanding the Function and Applications of Collimating Lenses". AZoOptics. https://www.azooptics.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2622. (accessed November 25, 2024).

Raman spectroscopydiagram

The Raman spectrum is characterised by the bands mentioned. These areas of higher Raman intensity are characteristic for every substance. In this way the spectrogram of an unknown substance can be compared to samples from a spectral database. If the bands are in the same places, the classification is unambiguous, as in our example for the comparison of a sample to the spectrum for polypropylene.

Since the invention of more powerful lasers that are at the same time less aggressive on the material, Raman spectroscopy has become established in almost all areas of chemical analytics. Thanks to the high information density, chemicals can not only be reliably identified, pure material concentrations can also be assessed in complex mixtures. Raman spectroscopy offers many other possible applications.

Collimating is a method of aligning a light beam or stream of particles in a parallel path. The technique reduces particle distribution while ensuring parallel propagation.

The Raman spectrum of each substance has certain areas with higher and lower areas of Raman intensity (so-called bands); these areas produce a characteristic image. This image can be compared to known patterns in a spectral library and the type of sample and its characteristics determined beyond doubt.

For the analysis of the reflected, scattered light, first all the light at the excitation wavelength (that is the Rayleigh scattering) must be removed using an optical filter. The remaining scattered light (the Raman scattering) is guided to an optical grid and split into its individual wavelengths. A CCD sensor produces a spectrum from this light.

During the analysis of the structure of chemical substances, the process determines the structure of the molecules in a chemical substance. This process, important in chemistry and pharmaceuticals, determines the polarisation of the Raman scattered light. If this light is completely polarised, the molecules are isotropically polarised; on the other hand if the polarisation of the scattered light is incomplete, the molecules are anisotropically polarised. The exact degree of depolarisation is determined by placing various polarisation filters in the beam path.

Shanghai Optics. "Understanding the Function and Applications of Collimating Lenses". AZoOptics. 25 November 2024. .

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Raman spectroscopyppt

When light travels through a reflecting object, it scatters into different angles. An optical collimator transforms a divergent beam of light into a parallel beam. A collimator also decreases the spatial cross-section of the light beam, making it smaller.

To achieve optimal collimation, one must reduce the light source or increase the focal length of the collimating system. If the focal length of the collimating system is increased, it must be ensured that the system is far away from the light source.

Raman spectroscopyapplication

In conclusion, collimation lenses enable light rays to travel in a parallel direction, preventing laser beams from dispersing in undesirable directions.

In our modern laboratory, we use Raman spectroscopy for residual dirt analysis for the assessment of fibres, plastics or salts, for the verification and the identification of filmic contamination as well as particulate contamination and in chemical analytics, in particular in plastics analytics. There the method is used, e.g. for the identification of deposits, residues, inclusions, media, substances, additives and materials (plastics).

Analysis applications – Collimating lenses are used to transmit and evaluate spectral data of transparent materials during manufacturing operations. The ability of the light to enter the sample at a divergent angle allows for stable and repeatable measurements.

Depending on the specific characteristics of the material to be analysed (e.g. the area of the excitation wavelength), Raman spectroscopy also has disadvantages. In particular, these include:

The basic prerequisite for Raman spectroscopy is a monochromatic light source. Because the light scattered during Raman scattering is of relatively low intensity, the light source must also have a very high radiation intensity. Lasers have both characteristics, lasers are available on the market with different fixed frequencies or as tunable devices.

Raman spectroscopysample preparation

Raman spectroscopyinstrumentation

Light measurement applications – Collimating lenses can measure light from sources such as OLED panels. The use of the collimating lens allows the measurement of light’s hue, flicker, and spectral power distribution.

Shanghai Optics. 2024. Understanding the Function and Applications of Collimating Lenses. AZoOptics, viewed 25 November 2024, https://www.azooptics.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2622.

If a material is treated thermally or mechanically, its internal stress can change. If you now compare the Raman spectra of a sample of the treated and untreated material, the changes in the stress can be detected in the form of frequency shifts. Higher frequencies are indicative of a compressive stress, while lower frequencies indicate an increase in the tensile stress.

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However, these disadvantages are minimised to a large extent by using modern lasers such that they are increasingly irrelevant for the practical use of Raman spectroscopy.

Raman spectroscopyinstrumentation PDF

Using Raman spectroscopy, it is possible to draw conclusions about the following material characteristics, among others:

Similarly, if the beam is substantially asymmetrical, meaning it diverges more in one direction than the other, an anamorphic prism pair can be used to obtain a circular light beam.

Raman spectroscopy is a method for the analysis of the inelastic scattering of light at molecules or solids and is used for the analysis of material characteristics, among other aspects.

This is the Raman spectrum for a particle of polypropylene (red) compared to a reference from a spectral database (blue). The identification is unambiguous.

Compared to other spectroscopic methods, for example FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy offers a few advantages that result above all from the usage of different lasers in the visible to near IR range for a very wide range of materials. Specifically, these include:

Shanghai Optics. (2024, June 13). Understanding the Function and Applications of Collimating Lenses. AZoOptics. Retrieved on November 25, 2024 from https://www.azooptics.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2622.

While some collimators operate in a fixed alignment, others require adjustment to change the distance between the collimation lens and the light source. Beam-pointing stability is also crucial, as small thermal drifts can cause a significant change in the beam direction, particularly if the focal length of the collimating lens is small.

For years we have used Raman spectroscopy reliably and routinely to analyse samples for our customers. For this reason, we are also able to obtain exact measurement results in challenging conditions. The spectrometers and databases we use are from renowned brand-name manufacturers and as such guarantee not only precise results, but also maximum protection for the material.

Light incident on a non-transparent medium is predominantly scattered without changing its wavelength. This effect is termed Rayleigh scattering. A small part of this visible light is, however, scattered in a different wavelength. This phenomenon is called Raman scattering or the Raman effect, after the Indian physicist and Nobel laureate C. V. Raman. But what exactly is Raman scattering?

A collimator generally consists of a collimator lens or a curved mirror with a light source as its focal point. To limit light dispersion, the collimating device’s focal length and light source size must be balanced.

Optical collimator systems consist of a tube with a convex lens on one end and a flexible aperture on the other. The convex lens reduces the beam divergence of any light that enters the aperture, allowing the light to leave the collimator in a parallel direction. Collimating lenses are employed in a variety of applications, including:

Raman spectroscopy is suitable for the analysis of a large number of substances. It is possible to analyse liquids, gases and solids.

At Quality Analysis we offer a broad spectrum of measuring and analytical services. These services also include the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify inorganic and organic samples as well as their composition and crystal orientation. Having spectroscopic analysis undertaken by us offers you a whole string of technical and commercial advantages.

One significant advantage of using collimating lenses is that they allow users to customize the field of view. This permits the collection of efficient and spatially resolved data. Collimating lenses also allow users to configure illumination.

Collimation optics is the process of aligning light beams in a parallel direction. An optical collimator is a device used to narrow parallel light beams.

Shanghai Optics manufactures a variety of collimating lenses. These lenses are made of high-quality materials and include a customized coating, making them perfect for high-power laser beams. Shanghai Optics also offers customized lenses that can meet the specific needs of its clients.