2. Photographic distance is inversely proportional to focal depth. The closer the shooting distance is, the greater the depth of focus; the longer the shooting distance is, the smaller the depth of focus is.

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For the Windows download, install it as an ordinary application, but remember you need a free Java runtime engine, available here.

Depth of focus: refers to the distance that the focus (focal plane) is allowed to move along the optical axis of the lens while maintaining a clear image.

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I've gotten any number of bug reports from users who entered a pathological lens description, saw something strange, then reported that a bug in OpticalRayTracer prevented a successful model — for example light rays were flying all over the place, with no connection to physical reality. My reply is that OpticalRayTracer has some limits to the degree to which it can model reality. There are many possible optical configurations where Snell's Law calculations overflow the dynamic range of an ‎IEEE 754 double-precision floating-point variable, which unfortunately is a relatively common occurrence. Consequently, and because of the complexity of the calculations performed by OpticalRayTracer, there is a limited number of lens types and curvatures the program can model.

OpticalRayTracer was originally written in C++ for speed, but several things happened to force a reëvaluation and rewrite in Java. One is that Windows users couldn't use the program. Another is that I spent a fantastic amount of time dealing with inquiries that looked more or less like this:

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OpticalRayTracer is a Java application, so it requires a Java runtime engine in order to run. Click this link to pick up your free Java runtime. And for several excellent reasons, be sure to install the most recent Java version available for your platform.

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Because the depth of field of a low-magnification objective lens is larger, it causes difficulties when taking photos with a low-magnification objective lens. Details will be covered in photomicrography.

Educators take note: OpticalRayTracer has significant educational potential in the teaching of basic optical principles, and has some entertaining and game-like behaviors to hold the student's attention.

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I've gotten a few bug reports submitted by users who couldn't set reliable non-integer X and Y position values. Typically, after they switched their attention to a different optical component, the lens they just positioned jumped to a new location they didn't intend. This is a function called "Snap-To-Grid" and it's a feature, not a bug. To control it, choose the "Configure" tab and change the value in the "Snap-To-Grid Value" entry.

Factors and rules affecting depth of focus 1. Aperture is inversely proportional to depth of focus. A small aperture means a large depth of focus; a large aperture means a small depth of focus.

OpticalRayTracer fully analyzes lens optical properties, incuding refraction and dispersion. The dispersion display uses color-coded light beams to simplify interpretation of the results.

Depth of focus is the abbreviation of depth of focus. That is, when using a microscope, when the focus is on an object, not only all points on the plane at that point can be seen clearly, but also within a certain thickness above and below this plane. Clear, the thickness of this clear part is the depth of focus.

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OpticalRayTracer is a powerful, Java-based virtual optical bench. It once functioned perfectly from within a Web page (and on this page) as a Java applet, but it seems applets can no longer be trusted. Here's an image of OpticalRayTracer in operation. Please download OpticalRayTracer and run it as an application (details below).

An entry of zero disables the feature and allows the user to set any arbitrary X and Y position values, to any number of decimal places — this is most useful when entering numerical component positions rather than positioning a component using a pointing device. A smaller entry than the default of 0.5 snaps to a smaller increment.

Reason: The shooting distance (object distance) decreases, the image distance increases, and the distance between the far and near blur circles increases, so the depth of focus increases.

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This version of OpticalRayTracer is in every way superior to the old. It runs in more places, it is designed better, it completes some details that were left unfinished in the old version, and it has a much better way to import and export lens descriptions and program state.

For the cross-platform Java JAR file, place the executable in any convenient location and run it with this invocation, usually placed in a shell script:

OpticalRayTracer is a free (GPL) cross-platform application that analyzes systems of lenses and mirrors. It uses optical principles and a virtual optical bench to predict the behavior of many kinds of ordinary and exotic lens types as well as flat and curved mirrors. OpticalRayTracer includes an advanced, easy-to-use interface that allows the user to rearrange the optical configuration by dragging objects around using the mouse.

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Definition: The focal depth starts in front of the image plane. When it reaches the image plane, the converging light cone forms a minimal circle of confusion. Then the light cone diverges behind the image plane and extends to the same diameter as the beginning of the focal depth. Its depth is very small. Small is only a few hundredths of an inch. Therefore the focusing width provided by the depth of focus is very small.

Because of what OpticalRayTracer does, I was concerned that under Java it wouldn't be fast enough to deal with the computation workload. But this turns out not to be an issue, and the mature Java interface allowed me to add a number of things that were not practical in the earlier versions.

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For the source archive, licensed under the GPL, unpack it in the usual way and make sure you have an up-to-date copy of Eclipse.

Java has a number of drawbacks of its own, but it works on any platform, and its graphical interface (Swing) is relatively stable. Over time I find myself rewriting more applications in Java just because I don't have to deal with people's installation difficulties, which frees me to write new computer programs instead of struggling with the old ones.

Recent OpticalRayTracer versions allow the creation of mirrors, flat and curved. In modern optical designs, mirrors often produce better results than lenses, for example in astronomical instruments. Such instruments can be roughed out in OpticalRayTracer's virtual workbench.

4. The depth of focus is proportional to the circle of blur. The larger the permissible circle of blur, the greater the depth of focus; the smaller the permissible circle of blur, the smaller the depth of focus.

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This sort of exchange became more frequent as the years went by. Then Trolltech, the maintainers of the GUI package I had foolishly decided to use (Qt), unceremoniously abandoned and replaced it, without any effort to assure compatibility or interoperability between the old and new versions. Essentially Trolltech required that everyone stop whatever they were doing, sit down and write all their applications over again, in order to keep them operational.

As is true of most of my recent programs, OpticalRayTracer remembers absolutely everything between uses, and the user can even copy to the clipboard a plain-text snapshot of the program's complete state for transmission to a friend or to archive for future reference.

Reason: When the shooting distance is constant, the focal length increases and the distance between the far and near blur circles increases, so the depth of focus increases.

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3. The focal length of the lens is directly proportional to the depth of focus. A lens with a long focal length has a large depth of focus; a lens with a short focal length has a small depth of focus.

Depth of focus If the focal depth is large, the entire layer of the object being inspected can be seen, while if the depth of focus is small, only a thin layer of the object being inspected can be seen. The depth of focus has the following relationship with other technical parameters.

OpticalRayTracer includes a detailed tutorial/help file to assist the user in getting started in this interesting activity, and this online documentation is also available.