·          When the management Ethernet interface on the master device fails, the management Ethernet interface on the subordinate device takes over to process management traffic.

For the traffic suppression result to be determined, do not configure storm control together with storm suppression for the same type of traffic.

To enable a copper Ethernet interface to communicate with its peer, set the MDIX mode of the interface by following these guidelines:

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¡  If the configured value is greater than 64 but not an integer multiple of 64, the integer multiple of 64 that is greater than and closest to the configured value takes effect.

·          When the Ethernet interface is configured to deny jumbo frames (by using the undo jumboframe enable command), the Ethernet interface discards jumbo frames.

·          Rx-mode generic flow control—Enabled by using the flow-control receive enable command. With Rx-mode generic flow control enabled, an interface can receive flow control frames, but it cannot send flow control frames:

If the transmission rate of each server in the server cluster is 1000 Mbps, their total transmission rate exceeds the capability of Port D.

The physical link state of an Ethernet interface is either up or down. Each time the physical link of an interface comes up or goes down, the interface immediately reports the change to the CPU. The CPU then performs the following operations:

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Perform this task to enable interfaces at two ends of a link to automatically negotiate about downgrading their speed when the following conditions exist:

On an interface, you can configure different suppression intervals for link-up and link-down events. If you configure the link-delay command multiple times for link-up or link-down events, the most recent configuration takes effect.

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By default, each time the physical link of a port goes up or comes down, the interface immediately reports the change to the CPU.

With this feature enabled on an interface, when the interface goes down, the system enables link flapping detection. During the link flapping detection interval, if the number of detected flaps reaches or exceeds the link flapping detection threshold, the system shuts down the interface.

Both storm suppression and storm control can suppress storms on an interface. Storm suppression uses the chip to suppress traffic. Storm suppression has less impact on the device performance than storm control, which uses software to suppress traffic. For more information about storm suppression, see "Configuring storm suppression."

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·          Notifies the upper-layer protocol modules (such as routing and forwarding modules) of the change for guiding packet forwarding.

·          External loopback testing—Tests the hardware function of the Ethernet interface. The Ethernet interface sends outgoing packets to the local device through a self-loop plug. If the device fails to receive the packets, the hardware function of the Ethernet interface fails.

Jumbo frames are frames larger than 1522 bytes and are typically received by an Ethernet interface during high-throughput data exchanges, such as file transfers.

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When an Ethernet interface with auto power-down enabled has been down for a certain period of time, both of the following events occur:

·          When the Ethernet interface is configured with jumbo frame support, the Ethernet interface performs the following operations:

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With Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) enabled, a link-up interface enters low power state if it has not received any packet for a period of time. The time period depends on the chip specifications and is not configurable. When a packet arrives later, the device automatically restores power supply to the interface and the interface restores to the normal state.

·          Max-suppress-time—The maximum amount of time the interface can be dampened. If the penalty is still higher than the reuse threshold when this timer expires, the penalty stops increasing for down events. The penalty starts to decrease until it drops below the reuse threshold.

To enable the device to forward such packets rather than drop them, enable the bridging feature in Ethernet interface view.

·          Blocks this type of traffic and forwards other types of traffic—Even though the interface does not forward the blocked traffic, it still counts the traffic. When the blocked traffic drops below the lower threshold, the interface begins to forward the traffic.

·          You cannot perform a loopback test on Ethernet interfaces manually brought down (displayed as in ADM or Administratively DOWN state).

Storm control uses a complete polling cycle to collect traffic data, and analyzes the data in the next cycle. An interface takes one to two polling intervals to take a storm control action.

This feature might fail to restore the default settings for some commands because of command dependencies or system restrictions. You can use the display this command in interface view to check for these commands and perform their undo forms or follow the command reference to restore their default settings. If your restoration attempt still fails, follow the error message to resolve the problem.

·          Reuse-limit—When the accumulated penalty decreases to this reuse threshold, the interface is not dampened. Interface state changes are reported to the upper layers. For each state change, the system also generates an SNMP trap and log message.

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In the display interface command output, the Link-Flap DOWN value of the Current state field indicates that the interface has been shut down by link flapping protection.

A combo interface is a logical interface that physically comprises one fiber combo port and one copper combo port. The two ports share one forwarding channel and one interface view. As a result, they cannot work simultaneously. When you activate one port, the other port is automatically disabled. If you execute the combo enable auto command on a combo interface, the interface automatically identifies the media inserted and activates the corresponding combo port. In the interface view, you can activate the fiber or copper combo port, and configure other port attributes such as the interface rate and duplex mode.

Storm control compares broadcast, multicast and unknown unicast traffic regularly with their respective traffic thresholds on an Ethernet interface. For each type of traffic, storm control provides a lower threshold and an upper threshold.

Each member device in an IRF system has a management Ethernet interface. For management link backup, perform the following tasks:

Link flapping on an interface changes network topology and increases the system overhead. For example, in an active/standby link scenario, when interface status on the active link changes between UP and DOWN, traffic switches between active and standby links. To solve this problem, configure this feature on the interface.

If you configure this command multiple times for link-up or link-down events on an Ethernet interface, the most recent configuration takes effect.

By default, the Ethernet interface outputs log messages when monitored traffic exceeds the upper threshold or drops below the lower threshold from a value above the upper threshold.

·          Goes down automatically—The interface goes down automatically and stops forwarding any traffic. When the blocked traffic drops below the lower threshold, the interface does not automatically come up. To bring up the interface, use the undo shutdown command or disable the storm control feature.

The Switch Series supports Ethernet interfaces, management Ethernet interfaces, Console interfaces, and USB interfaces. For the interface types and the number of interfaces supported by a switch model, see the installation guide.

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To display the interface statistics collected in the last statistics polling interval, use the display interface command. To clear the interface statistics, use the reset counters interface command.

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To avoid congestion on Port D, configure 100 Mbps as the only option available for speed negotiation on interfaces Port A, Port B, and Port C. As a result, the transmission rate on each interface connected to a server is limited to 100 Mbps.

To suppress only link-down events, do not specify the mode keyword. To suppress only link-up events, specify the mode up keywords. To suppress both link-down and link-up events, specify the mode updown keywords.

·          For the traffic suppression result to be determined, do not configure storm control together with storm suppression for the same type of traffic. For more information about storm control, see "Configuring storm control on an Ethernet interface."

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¡  In Release 6127 and later, the interface automatically identifies the media inserted and activates the corresponding combo port.

The storm suppression feature ensures that the size of a particular type of traffic (broadcast, multicast, or unknown unicast traffic) does not exceed the threshold on an interface. When the broadcast, multicast, or unknown unicast traffic on the interface exceeds this threshold, the system discards packets until the traffic drops below this threshold.

·          Typically, set the MDIX mode of the interface to AutoMDIX. Set the MDIX mode of the interface to MDI or MDIX only when the device cannot determine the cable type.

After a flapping interface is dampened, it does not report its state changes to the CPU. For state change events, the interface only generates SNMP trap and log messages.

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By default, speed autonegotiation enables an Ethernet interface to negotiate with its peer for the highest speed that both ends support. You can narrow down the speed option list for negotiation.

·          Determine the combo interfaces on your device. Identify the two physical interfaces that belong to each combo interface according to the marks on the device panel.

The Ethernet interfaces are named in the format of interface type A/B/C. The letters that follow the interface type represent the following elements:

Depending on your configuration, when a particular type of traffic exceeds its upper threshold, the interface performs either of the following operations:

IRF system stability might be affected by IRF physical link flapping. For IRF system stability, this feature is enabled by default on IRF physical interfaces and the enabling status of this feature is not affected by the status of global link flapping protection. When the number of flaps detected on an IRF physical interface exceeds the threshold within the detection interval, the device outputs a log rather than shuts down the IRF physical interface.

Figure 1 shows the change rule of the penalty value. The lines t0 and t2 indicate the start time and end time of the suppression, respectively. The period from t0 to t2 indicates the suppression period, t0 to t1 indicates the max-suppress-time, and t1 to t2 indicates the complete decay period.

If an interface is not dampened, its state changes are reported. For each state change, the system also generates an SNMP trap and log message.

Both storm suppression and storm control can suppress storms on an interface. Storm suppression uses the chip to suppress traffic. Storm suppression has less impact on the device performance than storm control, which uses software to suppress traffic.

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·          After you enable this feature on an Ethernet interface, the Ethernet interface switches to full duplex mode. After you disable this feature, the Ethernet interface restores to its duplex setting.

·          TxRx-mode generic flow control—Enabled by using the flow-control command. With TxRx-mode generic flow control enabled, an interface can both send and receive flow control frames:

By default, the Ethernet interface sends traps when monitored traffic exceeds the upper threshold or drops below the lower threshold from the upper threshold from a value above the upper threshold.

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A physical Ethernet interface has eight pins, each of which plays a dedicated role. For example, pins 1 and 2 transmit signals, and pins 3 and 6 receive signals. You can use both crossover and straight-through Ethernet cables to connect copper Ethernet interfaces. To accommodate these types of cables, a copper Ethernet interface can operate in one of the following Medium Dependent Interface-Crossover (MDIX) modes:

When an interface is up and operates at 1000 Mbps, the cable connection test result is not accurate. The cable connection test is not supported on an interface operating at 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps, and the test result is invalid.

To handle unidirectional traffic congestion on a link, configure the flow-control receive enable command at one end and the flow-control command at the other end. To enable both ends of a link to handle traffic congestion, configure the flow-control command at both ends.

·          The dampening command does not take effect on the administratively down events. When you execute the shutdown command, the penalty restores to 0, and the interface reports the down event to the upper-layer protocols.

·          Suppress-limit—The accumulated penalty that triggers the device to dampen the interface. In dampened state, the interface does not report its state changes to the CPU. For state change events, the interface only generates SNMP traps and log messages.

·          When you configure the suppression threshold in kbps, the actual suppression threshold might be different from the configured one as follows:

To prevent frequent physical link flapping from affecting system performance, configure physical state change suppression. You can configure this feature to suppress only link-down events, only link-up events, or both. If an event of the specified type still exists when the suppression interval expires, the system reports the event to the CPU.

A management interface uses an RJ-45 connector. You can connect the interface to a PC for software loading and system debugging, or connect it to a remote NMS for remote system management.

To avoid dropping packets on a link, you can enable generic flow control at both ends of the link. When traffic congestion occurs at the receiving end, the receiving end sends a flow control (Pause) frame to ask the sending end to suspend sending packets. Generic flow control includes the following types:

·          When the management Ethernet interface on the master device recovers, it takes over to process management traffic again.

·          When the IRF system has multiple management Ethernet interfaces, only the management Ethernet interface on the master device processes management traffic.

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This feature might interrupt ongoing network services. Make sure you are fully aware of the impacts of this feature when you use it in a live network.

You can configure an Ethernet interface to output threshold event traps and log messages when monitored traffic meets one of the following conditions:

·          Penalty—The interface has an initial penalty of 0. When the interface flaps, the penalty increases by 1000 for each down event until the ceiling is reached. It does not increase for up events. When the interface stops flapping, the penalty decreases by half each time the half-life timer expires until the penalty drops to the reuse threshold.

·          Internal loopback testing—Tests the device where the Ethernet interface resides. The Ethernet interface sends outgoing packets back to the local device. If the device fails to receive the packets, the device fails.

This feature tests the cable connection of an Ethernet interface and displays cable test result within 5 seconds. The test result includes the cable's status and some physical parameters. If any fault is detected, the test result shows the length from the local port to the faulty point.

The interface dampening feature uses an exponential decay mechanism to prevent excessive interface flapping events from adversely affecting routing protocols and routing tables in the network. Suppressing interface state change events protects the system resources.

You can set the speed of an Ethernet interface or enable it to automatically negotiate a speed with its peer. For a 100-Mbps or 1000-Mbps Layer 2 Ethernet interface, you can also set speed options for autonegotiation. The two ends can select a speed only from the available options. For more information, see "Setting speed options for autonegotiation on an Ethernet interface."