If you’re taking the Single Award Applied A level in Engineering or the Principal Learning components of the Advanced Diploma in Engineering, you must also be taking A levels in Mathematics and Physics.

With the fixed-size of fixed lenses' fields-of-view, great pictures just start popping into your head as you wander about, because the sizes of their compositional rectangles become intuitive. You don't have to sight through the camera until the visualization of the picture is almost complete.

Coursework in second year includes laboratory experiments and computing exercises. Several experiments are linked around the common theme of earthquake-resistant structures.

Today, zooms have grown completely out of control. Every f/2.8 zoom now weighs more than a set of a couple of fixed lenses.

For Nikon DX, I shoot all day with nothing but the 35mm f/1.8, and never miss not having any other lenses. In fact, I love not having to carry all the other lenses with me!

I love my Canon 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6 II IS, but again it's at least two stops (four times) slower than my 100mm f/2 USM, 300mm f/2.8 or 400mm f/2.8.

You should contact your College’s Admissions Office if you’re thinking of changing your course. They will be able to give you advice and explain how changing courses works.

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Discover Uni allows you to compare information about individual courses at different higher education institutions.  This can be a useful method of considering your options and what course may suit you best.

As we learn to make more pictures by taking fewer lenses, we see and think about making pictures intuitively with what we have, instead of wasting time worrying about changing lenses each time. Instead of distracting our limited powers of observation, attention and concentration worrying "what if," like "should I try my 14mm lens," we instead just see the brilliant picture right in front of our face that can be made with the ordinary 28mm lens that's already on our camera.

Oddly, once you get good at this, fixed lenses are even faster to shoot. Since you've already got the image framed in your mind before you draw your camera to your eye, you're ready to shoot that instant. You don't have to stop and zoom your lens to where you want it after it inevitably creeped. With a fixed lens, you're already at the focal length you need instead of having to zoom back and forth.

Zooms have come a long way since their invention in France in the 1950s and since they first became popular in the late 1970s, but fixed lenses are still much faster than zooms. The fastest professional zooms from Canon and Nikon are only f/2.8, while fixed lenses are usually several stops faster. A slow fixed lens, like an f/2, lets in twice as much light as an f/2.8 zoom, letting us shoot at half the ISO at the same shutter speed in low light — and it's easy to get fixed f/1.8 and f/1.4 lenses from 20mm through 85mm that are even faster.

Simply feeling that there is a picture to be made, and just snapping away from wherever we're standing, is the best way to take bad pictures. When you take a picture without thinking first, you'll look at the picture later and ask "What was I thinking?," because you weren't.

Just to keep things straight, lenses don't take pictures. Cameras don't take pictures either — people do. It just makes for a cleaner title.

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A level: A*A*A IB: 41-42 points, with 776 at Higher Level Other qualifications: Check which other qualifications we accept.

Carrying one wide, one fast normal, and one fixed tele is more than enough for anything. Instead of buying longer and shorter lenses, a smaller choice of lenses lets us spend our mental efforts on seeing better pictures, instead of wondering what lens to take out of our bag. It's much easier to take a step or two to frame a better image than it is to change a lens and miss the shot.

Your living costs will include costs related to your studies that are not covered by your tuition fees. There are some general study costs that will apply for all students – you can find details of these costs here.

We recommend that you look thoroughly at the course and University information contained on these webpages and consider coming to visit us on an Open Day, rather than relying solely on statistical comparison.

A level Further Mathematics is very strongly encouraged. If unavailable or you’ve recognised its desirability too late, we’d advise you to do as much additional pure maths and mechanics as possible, e.g. by studying advanced material or Further Mathematics AS level. A level candidates without Further Mathematics have a lower success rate than candidates with Further Mathematics to at least AS level.

Filters also become more manageable. f/2.8 zooms usually take 77mm filters (or now 82mm filters for Canon's 16-35mm f/2.8 L II), while it's easy to get a set of fast, fixed lenses that all take the same 39mm (Leica), 52mm (Nikon) or 58mm (Canon) filters.

Engineering at Cambridge enables you to develop your knowledge, skills, imagination and experience to the highest levels, so you’re ready for your future career.

You will only need to pay for printing if you exceed the free printing quota (£2 in Year 1, £3 in Year 2, £7 in Year 3 and £9 in Year 4). Extra printing is up to 4p per sheet in black and white.

A highlight of the year is the integrated design project, which spans multiple engineering disciplines. You will work in teams to design and build robot vehicles which are then tested against each other.

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In the third year, there’s an opportunity for a small number of students to spend the year studying abroad. This is through our exchange schemes with Ecole Centrale Paris and the National University of Singapore.

Most Engineering students (who had studied A levels and started at Cambridge in 2018, 2019 and 2023) achieved at least A*A*A* (89% of entrants).

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This said, after shooting fixed lenses instead of zooms for a while, it dawned on me that fixed-focal-length (prime) lenses lead me to see more clearly, and thus create better pictures more easily than if I had brought zooms. They weigh a lot less, too, making them more fun to carry all day.

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Zooms also lead us into the easy trap of making thoughtless snapshots, instead of paying attention and creating deliberately good pictures. Zooms make us weak because they excuse us from having to think as we walk around, or to have to walk around at all.

With digital, people are settling for even slower f/4 pro zooms. I prefer good, slow zooms like Nikon's 16-35mm VR and Canon's 16-35mm IS over the f/2.8 beasts, but these are then three stops (eight times) less sensitive to light than an f/1.4 lens. This means you have to use eight times the ISO to do the same thing in low light! IS and VR help for still subjects, but not for moving targets. For people pictures, you need lens speed, not VR or IS.

With a zoom, you're not thinking as you walk around. With a zoom, you aren't thinking about how to arrange elements inside a rectangle until after you've already stopped for something. Maybe that something will make a good picture, maybe not. You're not even thinking; you're just wandering.

You can't apply to these courses until you're at Cambridge. You would usually apply when you have completed 1 year or more of your original Cambridge course.

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When you go to university, you’ll need to consider two main costs – your tuition fees and your living costs (sometimes referred to as maintenance costs).

Students are required to complete a minimum of 6 weeks of relevant industrial or equivalent experience by June of Year 3. You will need to cover any costs associated with this industrial or equivalent experience. Industrial experience requirements can be met through paid work placements.

With zooms, it's easy to take thoughtless pictures, since you just turn the ring until something fits from wherever you're standing.

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This tool can be used for thin lenses (ones which lens thickness is much smaller than the distances to the object and to the image).

With fixed lenses, we have to move around. Having to move around gets us mobile and looking for the best point-of-view, not simply the best angle-of-view from where we're already standing.

With a fixed lens, or a few fixed lenses, you already know the camera's field-of-view as you wander around. With just one fixed lens or or two, you're already seeing what makes good compositions before you even stop to take a picture. You know what fits in your field-of-view, and you're in compositional seeing mode as you walk about.

With small, fixed lenses, you're light and mobile. You're having a good time running around all day, and it's no problem taking it all with you as you go to dinner, or in and out running errands. In fact, since they are so light, I find it more of a bother to take off a small bag like the Think Tank Speed Demon than to keep it on as I go about my day.

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In rare cases, it may be possible to change course once you’ve joined the University. You will usually have to get agreement from your College and the relevant departments. It’s not guaranteed that your course change will be approved.

For manual-focus Nikon, you have a zillion choices. For instance, I love a set of the 20/4, 35/1.4, 50mm f/1.4 and 85mm f/2, all of which take 52mm filters and are tiny.

You take 10 papers from over 40 choices. Usually, 6 of your paper choices will be associated with one of the following disciplines:

You can get superb fixed 50mm f/1.8 lenses from Nikon or from Canon for about $125 each. Either of these lenses offers superior sharpness, less distortion and far more speed than any $2,400 24-70mm f/2.8 zoom.

First and second year of the course provide a broad education in engineering fundamentals, enabling you to make a genuinely informed choice about the area in which to specialise from your third year.

All Colleges, except Trinity, welcome applications from students taking A level Mathematics and a suitable vocational qualification, for example a BTEC Higher National Diploma in an engineering discipline.

You won't usually be asked to submit examples of written work. You may be asked to do some reading prior to your interview, but if this is required the College will provide full details in your interview invitation.

Learn a broad range of topics, such as civil, structural, electrical and mechanical engineering and specialise in areas that interest you the most.

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If you successfully complete the fourth year, you’ll get the MEng qualification, as well as the BA degree which you get at the end of the third year.

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The above list is not exhaustive and there may be other important factors that are relevant to the choices that you are making, but we hope that this will be a useful starting point to help you delve deeper than the face value of the Discover Uni data.

The minimum offer level and subject requirements outline the minimum you'll usually need to achieve to get an offer from Cambridge.

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For Nikon FX, try a set of the 20mm f/1.8G, 35mm f/1.8G, 50mm f/1.8G and 85mm f/1.8G. Each is exquisitely sharp, compact and fast. Feel free to use the 35/1.4G, 50/1.4G and 85/1.4G, but the pictures are about the same even though they cost and weigh far more.

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Additional mathematics is helpful and all candidates are strongly encouraged to take up opportunities to develop their skills, such as by participating in olympiads or accessing the online resources in the Advanced Mathematics Support Programme.

Other additional course costs for Engineering are detailed below. If you have any queries about these costs, please contact the Department.

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Worse, as people have grown to think that zooms are the only kind of lenses, people who shoot these big zooms usually bring several of them! Reasonable people are carrying not one zoom, but often three zooms at the same time.

The Department is a leading international centre for research, consistently ranked the highest achieving amongst UK universities.

The biggest help is when you use any of these links when you get anything. It costs you nothing, and is this site's, and thus my family's, biggest source of support. These places always have the best prices and service, which is why I've used them since before this website existed. I recommend them all personally.

However, please note that superficially similar courses often have very different structures and objectives, and that the teaching, support and learning environment that best suits you can only be determined by identifying your own interests, needs, expectations and goals, and comparing them with detailed institution- and course-specific information.

With fixed lenses, you learn what fits in your picture without having to look through the camera. You can start composing deliberately as you're walking around.

In fourth year you’ll take 8 papers from around 80 options which vary each year. These papers benefit from the Department’s research and are taught by experts in the particular field.

Actually, three fixed lenses are more than enough. As you learn to see, even one fixed lens is plenty, and more lenses are just distractions you have to carry around with you.

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I'm serious: I used to think like most people, and worry that I'd miss all kinds of pictures by not carrying everything from 14mm through 400mm every time I left the house. Today, I'll travel for a week and bring nothing more than a 28mm, 50mm and 100mm, and as the week goes on, wish I'd left the 100mm at home.

We have an Industrial Placement Co-ordinator to help you find suitable placements (in the UK and abroad). They can also offer support with finding sponsorship.

Fixed normal lenses usually have little to no distortion. Fixed ultrawides usually have less distortion than ultrawide zooms at their widest settings, and fixed telephotos usually have little to no distortion while most tele zooms usually have plenty of distortion at both ends of their ranges.

I've never seen anyone enjoy hauling two or three f/2.8 zooms around all day. By the end of the day, the cameras, and usually the photographers, have packed it in back at the hotel. If it's not fun, why do it?

The technical supremacy and faster speed of fixed lenses are merely side benefits. The real benefit of fixed lenses is that they make us see better, which leads to taking better pictures.

If you’re studying IB, we ask for Analysis and Approaches for this course. If this isn’t an option at your school, please contact the College you wish to apply to for advice.

All Colleges welcome applications from students who want to do an Engineering-related gap year before starting the course.

On LEICA, you also have a load of choices. Try the 28mm f/2.8 ASPH, 50mm f/2 SUMMICRON-M and the 90mm f/4 MACRO-ELMAR-M (new) or 90mm f/2.8 TELE-ELMARIT-M (used), all of which take 39mm filters.

We have to move around to find the best angle; the best angle is rarely the point from which we just happen to see something interesting the first time.

Zooms are usually thought of as more fun, but that was back when they were a lot smaller and lighter than they are today.

When you graduate, you’re fully qualified in your chosen area, knowledgeable across the range of engineering disciplines, and able to apply new technologies in novel situations.

If you want to have a good time shooting with a zoom, try a sane zoom like the Nikon 28-70 f/3.5-4.5, not today's gargantuan 24-70mm f/2.8. It's one thing to have a nice, meaty lens that feels good when a salesman hands it to you in a store, and another thing entirely when you have to haul it around all day taking pictures on your own.

Today's very best wide and ultrawide zooms are often sharper in the corners wide-open than fixed ultrawide lenses, but no zoom beats the cheapest 50mm fixed lenses for sharpness.

After using a fixed lens for a while, you become intimately familiar with its field of view without having to look through the camera. Since you already know what fits as you walk around, so you can start seeing your compositions in your head as you move about. You can see from different angles and different heights just by moving around, without needing your camera.

The Engineering Department’s Language Programme for Engineers also offers specialised courses at all levels in French, German, Spanish, Chinese and Japanese.

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All applicants for Engineering for 2025 entry are required to take the Engineering and Science Admissions Test (ESAT). You will need to complete Mathematics 1, Mathematics 2 and Physics. You must register in advance and take the test at an authorised assessment centre.

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A major individual project occupies about half of your time. Many projects are associated with current Department research and have direct industrial input and application. Recent projects have included:

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Check our guidance on choosing high school subjects. You should also check if there are any required subjects for your course when you apply.

All undergraduate admissions decisions are the responsibility of the Cambridge Colleges. Please contact the relevant College admissions office if you have any queries.

In some cases, you'll get a higher or more challenging offer. Colleges set higher offer requirements for a range of reasons. If you'd like to find out more about why we do this, check the information about offers above the minimum requirement on the entry requirements page.

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Equation (1) is known as the Gaussian form of the lens equation, after the mathematician Karl F. Gauss. Equation (2), first derived by Sir Isaac Newto.