Beam angleoflight

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Having said that, there are some projection lamps that have internal reflectors; despite this, some manufacturers rate some of these outputs in lumens. These lamps are rarely seen in stage lighting circumstances so they can typically be discounted.

Radarbeam angle calculator

Throughout this section and the instructions that follow, the most important terms will be shown as first-letter capitalised. Synonymously, first-letter capitalised terms will be defined here. Italicised terms are defined elsewhere in this section.

Options:  So if one needs to illuminate a space with twice the dimension(s), one can either double the Throw Distance by moving the same Fixture farther away, or keep the Fixture's position the same, but exchange it for one rated at double the angle.

Although Candela and Lumens directly equate in the above calculations, manufacturers differentiate the terms so that one will know that a "Candela" specification means that the light output has been altered through the usage of reflectors and lenses, while the "Lumen" specification has not.

How tocalculate light beamspread

Directly Proportional:  Studying the Chart above will show that the relationships among the Factors are in direct proportion. So if one doubles the Fixture Angle, the Factor also doubles, and vice versa. This also means that for the same Throw Distance, the Light Pool doubles in dimension(s) every time the Fixture Angle doubles. In addition, with a given Fixture Angle, doubling the Throw Distance results in a Light Pool that also doubles in dimension(s).

Here, the desired Light Pool dimension is divided by the Factor for a 25-degree Fixture. This is to calculate at what Throw Distance the Fixture will need to be positioned to achieve that 2.25-metre Light Pool.

This time, the Factors taken from the Chart are for the Field Angles closest to the FFR lamp's specified angles of 21 and 44 degrees. Thus, the Chart Factors associated with `20' and `45' degrees were used to get the approximate oval dimensions projected by an FFR lamp at a 5-metre Throw Distance.

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LEDbeam anglechart

The Intensity in this instance will be 1000 Lux. This figure is derived by using the manufacturer's specification for an ellipsoidal with a specific Field Angle, lamp and alignment, which in this example is 100,000 Candela. This number is divided by the distance of 10 metres that has been squared to be 100.

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Halfangle beamspreadcalculator

Stage lighting fixture models provide different light angles and intensities. Knowing ahead of time which versions to rent for your production will save trial and error testing. This article offers information that will enable one to confidently order the correct fixture for the required beam size at a given distance, and to grasp the intensity/distance concept.

Excluding Intensity, the methods discussed in this article will work with all stage lighting fixtures regardless of type, manufacturer or model -- as long as the Field Angle of the Fixture is known. Intensity calculations will require the manufacturer's specification for the given fixture.

Why take time to do the mathematics that will be presented   here in this article? Expanding upon what was said in the   opening statements will answer this question:

Now, it may be important for some persons to have accuracy for the Fixtures in their inventories that have angles which lie between the Fixture Angle numbers shown on the Chart. One can calculate the Factors for such Fixtures by doing the following:

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To determine Fixture Angle, divide Light Pool Diameter by the Distance.          (Look for the resulting Factor on the Chart to get the Fixture Angle)   Doubling the Fixture Angle will double the Light Pool Diameter.   Doubling the Fixture Angle will drop the light level to 1/4.

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To determine Throw Distance, divide Light Pool Diameter by the Factor.   Doubling the Throw Distance will double the Light Pool Diameter.   Doubling the Throw Distance will drop the light level to 1/4.

Realise: Hanging your plot's fixtures "on paper" will   save much work later on during the setup and test   period. The information and instructions in this   article will explain how to do this.

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Precision Caveats     Edge Limitations  Realise that some Fixtures limit the edge of the Light Pool to an intensity that is higher than the actual 10% Field Angle intensity of that Fixture. Thus, that actual Field Angle intensity is not available. However, the angle stated by the manufacturer will still work for all calculations shown in this article because this angle defines the maximum edge of its Light Pool.

Beam angleformula

Notice that this result falls between the Factors shown on the Chart for 35- and 40-degree Fixtures, as it should. Factors for Fixture Field Angles not represented on the Chart could be calculated and then added, but a better method is to print out only the Factors for Fixtures in one's own inventory. This could be posted wherever it might be needed. A further improvement would be to also post Light Pool Diameters for each Fixture at a range of Throw Distances typical for that Fixture. This would eliminate the calculation step each time.

To find out the approximate dimensions of an oval projected by a PAR 64 `FFR' lamp at the same distance, one must use two Factors because the PAR lamp light output is not round. From the manufacturer's Field Angle specifications for this lamp (21 X 44 Degrees), and assuming that the barrel of the PAR Fixture does not compromise the light emanating from it by cutting off part of that light:

Fixture Field Angle: What happens if you know the Throw Distance and Light Pool dimensions, and want to know which Fixture to employ? Using the same 2.25-metre diameter Light Pool projected from the same five-metre Distance, as in the first example, this formula will answer the question:

Non-Perpendicular Angles  As mentioned earlier, this lesson discusses setups regarding Fixtures that are shining directly at a surface. The results of the calculations will always be suitable for this purpose, and in a general context will be suitable for those Fixtures not perpendicular to a surface, unless the angles are very acute. The results of acute angles can be worked out using trigonometric functions, but this aspect is currently outside the scope of this webpage.

So, to find the diameter of the resulting Light Pool when shining a 25-degree ellipsoidal straight on to a flat wall from a distance of 5 metres:

Methods to Determine Fixture Angles, Throw Distances, Light Pool Sizes, and Light Levels as Correlate to Any Stage Lighting Fixture

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Regardless, you may wish to calculate the intensity of a single lamp in a fixture, such as one in a socket at the top of a stand. To find the light level at a given distance by such a setup, use this formula:

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Using all the knowledge gained here will eliminate trial and error when ordering, hanging, or designing with, any lighting instrument.

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If it is important to know how bright a Light Pool is at a specific Distance with a specific Fixture, this section will assist.   First, be aware of the following points that will affect the final figure of your calculation or give varying results:

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Light Pool Diameter: To determine the diameter of a Light Pool at a specific Distance and Fixture angle, the formula is:

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Beam angle

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After the preliminary discussion below, a chart will display a multiplication/division Factor corresponding to a Fixture's Field Angle. We have made the effort to reduce the computations down to a single number to save you time and effort, and to simplfy the process. Use this number to directly determine:

These Chart Factors are very accurate for Fixtures that produce an even amount of light and are shining directly onto a flat surface, or pointed straight down to a floor. If the Fixture is tilted or panned, the light will spread out making a larger (and also dimmer) pool of light; so the results of using these Factors become less accurate as a Fixture tilts or pans away from straight on. They are also less accurate for Fixtures that project an uneven light.

Thus a bare lamp that is placed on top of that stand, and has an output of 15,000 Lumens, will produce a light level at 10 metres of 150 Lux (15,000 ÷ 100 = 150).

Even when accurate though, other criteria come into play such as ill-defined Light Pool edges, and spill coming from the Fixture itself. Another is that some Light Pools will be wider than desired because the actual edges fall outside the 10% threshold used by manufacturers when determining the Field Angle specification. The latter is most often seen with the PAR lamp and fresnel Fixture. The perimeter of light that falls below 10% becomes most noticeable when only one Fixture is used, and it's classed as "spill" when it is unwanted. (Further discussion is in "Precision Caveats", father on.)

Lower Light Levels:  Regarding the above, it should be realised that when doubling the Light Pool dimension(s), the area covered will quadruple. As an example, 2 X 2 metres encompasses 4 square metres; doubling this to 4 X 4 metres will then encompass 16 square metres. Four times the area now covered means that the light intensity will be reduced to 1/4. This is because the same amount of light projected by a given Fixture will be spread out to cover four times the space; that is, it will cover 16 squares instead of 4.

The instructions provided here will determine, without physical experimentation tedium, the Hang Point, and/or Light Pool size, and/or Fixture Angle, and/or the Light Level. As an additional aid, some initial calculations have been done for you that allows them to be reduced to a single factor. This will be used instead, thus eliminating the total number of computations.

The Light Pool in this instance will be 2.25 metres wide. This figure is derived by using the Factor taken from the Chart for a Fixture with a 25-degree angle. The Throw Distance has been multiplied by this Factor to get the Light Pool dimension.

To determine Light Pool Diameter, multiply Distance by the Factor.   Doubling the Light Pool Diameter will quadruple the area covered.   Doubling the Light Pool Diameter will drop the light level to 1/4.

Lumen Output     For those that may be thinking that the Fixture light output specification should be in Lumens, this term is only applicable to light radiating in all directions. Such a specification is used to rate the light output of the lamp filament itself. It is not useful for the purpose intended here where light output is concentrated by a reflector, or by a reflector and one or more lenses, as is done in stage lighting Fixtures.

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Remember that Panning or Tilting the Fixture will affect the calculations because the Light Pool will be Keystoned (stretched) to one side.

So, to calculate an intensity, consult the manufacturer's specification for the light output of the Fixture you have chosen. It will be in candela, or for older Fixtures, in candle power. For this example we will assume a 1000-watt ellipsoidal with a Flat Field alignment and a manufacturer's rating of 100,000 Candela. It is hung at a 10-metre distance.

Conversely, Fixtures that don't limit their light output diameter may produce Light Pools which edge intensities are less than 10% of the central one. This could be of some concern regarding manufacturers that use the actual Field Angle specification of 10% to represent the edge diameter as opposed to stating an angle that represents its Absolute Diameter. In this case, Light Pool Diameters may be slightly larger than calculated. However, outside that calculated diameter, light intensity is usually so low and levels fall off so quickly, that it won't cause concern for most lighting purposes. If it does, choose a different Fixture for your purpose, or limit the Light Pool Diameter by using internal shutters, or accessories such as barndoors, a snoot, or a funnel.