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Absorption of lightin photosynthesis
Infrared (IR, infrared light) has wavelengths λ between 780 nm and 1 mm, which corresponds to a frequency range from 300 GHz to 400 THz.
I found this question on a hobby science forum (mainly about chemistry) and found embarrassingly that I couldn't answer the question. A few searches along the lines of 'photons absorption' here on Ph.SE yielded surprisingly little.
Absorption of lightin physics
A light prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract, or bend, light.
Transmissionof light
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Absorption ofenergy is called
In a comment the OP mentions coloured glass as an example of what is meant by absorption. If we take for example green glass, this is frequently coloured using iron (II) salts. Light is absorbed and promotes electrons between the $\text{Fe}^{2+}$ $3d$ orbitals (the $3d$ orbitals are split into different energies by the environment). The excited electrons relax by transferring energy to the surrounding chemical bonds as vibrational excitations, which turns the absorbed light into heat.
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Absorption of lightExamples
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If you move to very high-energy photons which are absorbed in the nucleus, the rules get messier but the basics are the same: the particles in the nucleus have their own set of energy states (or energy of fission) which have to match the photon energy. That's very top level, of course.
Absorption of lightin wavelength
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In a dense medium like a liquid or solid the atoms/molecules interact mechanically with their neighbours i.e. vibrations of the atom/molecule can be transmitted to neighbouring atoms/molecules and vice versa. In these conditions it is very likely that the excited atom/molecule will transfer its extra energy into mechanical vibrations before it has a chance to re-emit the energy as light. The end result is that the light is turned into vibrational energy i.e. heat.
Absorption of lightby molecules
The direction in which it is wobbling is called its polarization. Most light, like that from the Sun, is made up of a whole mix of directions ...
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As the earth's atmosphere absorbs most of the space (solar) UV radiation, any UV application is based on man-made UV sources. In the solar spectrum, the high- ...
Absorption of lightequation
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Wavelengths of 3 μm to 1,000 μm within the infrared range of electromagnetic radiation (light) are known more specifically as far-infrared. Because many ...
If you start with an isolated atom or molecule, the a photon of the right frequency can be absorbed by exciting the atom/molecule to a higher energy state. Why this happens is discussed in my answer to How do photons know they can or can't excite electrons in atoms?. The excited state will decay back to the ground state and re-emit a photon. So the light is not lost though it may be scattered into a different direction.
The real answer is " quantum magic." Otherwise, it's simply an observed effect that a photon will be absorbed when its energy matches the transition energy of an electron (said electron gaining potential energy).