Design not only for horizontal light levels as suggested in most lighting application standards, but also for light on the eye. During most daytime activities, this is the vertical light level at sitting or standing height.

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Diffusedlighting

Just like in nature, the spectral properties (colours) of ideal indoor light vary as a function of the time of day. Light spectrum can be optimized to meet personal needs and preferences and to support specific tasks. During the day, the light spectrum should include a reasonable portion of short wavelengths (cyan light colour) to provide the energizing and revitalizing benefits of light. In the evening and at night, the amount of short wavelengths should be minimized to support winding down, enabling a good night’s sleep and preventing disruption of the day-night rhythm. With age, from 45-50 years and older, the spectral characteristics required for optimal functioning may change because of changes in the eye, e.g. in the case of the development of cataracts.

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Use lighting systems that are ‘tuned’ or ‘tuneable’ to support a specific activity. A lighting system is ‘tuned’ if the spectrum is selected to support a specific activity at a specific time of the day. A lighting system is considered ‘tuneable’ if the light spectrum can be changed. ‘Tuneable white’ systems are most common and can vary in Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT). Please note that CCT is only a proxy for spectral content: two light sources with the same CCT can have totally different spectra and therefore a totally different impact on the human non-visual system. The real spectrum is more important than a CCT number. For this reason, you may also choose to use a more advanced ‘tuneable colour’ system. These systems vary not only in CCT, but also in spectral content and in colour.

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What isdiffused lightfor plants

Increase the overall brightness of the room, don’t only light the work surface or task but light the surroundings e.g. the walls and the ceiling.

Light diffuses when it bounces off the many angles of a rough surface, or when it travels through a substance that changes its angles.

We see an object because it emits light (for example, the sun, fire, a light bulb), or we see objects that reflect light.

If it is not possible to spend time outdoors, the best alternative is to stay within one meter of a window and regularly look outside.

Exposure to a stable and regular daily  light-dark cycle has the following beneficial effects on the human body and brain:

Directionaldiffused lightPhotography

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The recommended levels in the table below are partly based on recent recommendations of a group of scientists, and age corrections, and partly based on our own interpretation thereof.

Rays from infinitely distance objects are condensed internally in the lens at a common point on the optical axis. The point at which the image sensor of.

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The human eye cannot see all the rays on the light spectrum. Infrared rays, for example, are too long for the human eye to perceive, and ultraviolet rays are too short. So, direct (spectral) light seems stronger than diffuse light. However, the total light transmission is the same.

Diffused lightceiling

The amount of daylight we are exposed to outdoors varies during the day both because daylight itself is ever changing and because we are moving around ourselves, changing what we look at and see, and making changes to the space we are in like sitting in the shade. It might be advantageous to mimic these changes to some extent indoors. People need high light levels during the day, and low light levels during the evening before going to sleep. Good Light indoors is stimulating during daytime with an intensity that preferably exceeds the traditional standards for indoor lighting by a factor 5, while during the evening the preferable light level is dimmed by a factor 5, provided it remains comfortable and safe.

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Consider using a lighting system that offers pre-programmed, task specific light settings to support a range of different activities.

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Good light is the right light at the right time tailored to our activities and personal needs, every day of our life. Good light is natural light, or electric lighting indoors that mimics the beneficial properties of natural light as much as possible. The wrong light at the wrong time may result in problems such as mood disturbances, sleep problems, difficulties with learning and memory, problems with vision in the short term, and health problems in the long term.

People worked and lived outside in natural daylight for many thousands of years. Since the industrial revolution this has changed significantly. Today, people spend 90% of their time indoors. That makes having Good Light indoors essential for our health and wellbeing.

Diffused light is a soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. It is scattered and comes from all directions. Thus, it seems to wrap around objects. It is softer and does not cast harsh shadows.

Photographers use the principle of diffuse light to create pictures with vivid details because there are no sharp shadows to distract attention. On a sunny day, they use light diffusers to create soft shadows. Horticulturists are now discovering that diffused light creates a better growing environment in greenhouses. It allows for a greater horizontal spread of light and exposes the middle leaf layers to light. Drivers find that wet roads have a greater glare than dry roads, because the cracks and crevices on the road's surface fill up with water, creating a smooth surface. This results in specular reflection that creates the annoying glare. Fog lamps try to make use of the principle of diffused light to provide a safer beam.

Diffused lightarchitecture

To understand the nature of diffused light, humans must first answer the question, "What is light?" Physicists define light as electromagnetic radiation. Traditional theory holds that light moves as a wave. Its amplitude gives the brightness, and the differing wavelengths make the different colors. Modern quantum theory says that particles of energy called photons make up light. The number of photons gives the brightness, and the energy in the photons creates its color. Both theories are correct. Light acts as both particle and wave. Simply put, light is that which enables humans and other animals to see.

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Avoid Discomfort Glare: design for a Unified Glare Rating (UGR) of 19 or less in longstay areas (≥30 min) and for UGR ≤ 22 in short-stay areas (<30 min).

Use lighting systems that enable you to change the distribution of light in the room during the day, effectively mimicking daylight.

Diffused lightphotographyExamples

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Being outdoor during the day is very important for people. Daytime light intensities outdoor are always higher than indoor, by a factor of anywhere between x10 and x500. And the high light levels outdoor are full spectrum. Sunshine includes infrared (IR) which warms us, and ultraviolet (UV) which when it reaches the skin, supports Vitamin D production, important for calcium uptake for healthy bone structure, and the immune system. The high light intensities we get when outdoors during the day are also important for wellbeing, mood, performance, how we sleep at night and for reducing our sensitivity to light in the evening. Exposure to full spectrum, high intensity daylight in the morning prevents our biological clock from getting out of sync with the natural 24h light-dark cycle. It prevents our body from running late, and from fragmented sleep, waking frequently at night. The Good Light Group advises people to enjoy natural daylight as much as possible by being outside during the day. Because we are not able to be outdoors all day, every day, the Good Light Group has the following recommendations that should be applied at the same time each day, as far as possible:

Studies recommend that for periods longer than 20-30 minutes on sunny and/or warm days, you should protect your skin and eyes in an appropriate way against an overdose of UV radiation from the sun. The most common ways to do this is by wearing protective cloths, a cap, sunglasses, by using sunscreen and/or simply moving to the shadow. Wearing a cap reduces the light coming into your eyes by ~50%, wearing sunglasses reduces the light coming into your eyes by 5-95% depending on the type of glasses.

Good light indoors can be adjusted by the user to suit their personal needs. A good light system safeguards that these personal adjustments are made within the boundaries of an optimal setting.

Consider using more advanced lighting systems which include environmental sensors beyond those applied to measure and control the lights. Incorporating sensors like temperature, noise detection, air quality can serve to safeguard and support health and wellbeing of the users. These types of Indoor Environmental Quality sensors should be connected to other building automation systems.

Use a lighting system that enables you to change the light level; dimming =reducing the light level and/or boosting =increasing the light level.

Consider using a lighting system with a pre-programmed pattern over the day, and that provides the proper light intensity and spectrum at the proper time.

For people 45-50 years and older, higher light intensities and probably spectral changes may be needed to support visual and non-visual (biological and emotional) needs. This is largely due to the normal degrading processes that happen in the eye. Many people recognize this as the time when they start needing reading glasses.

Provide horizontal and vertical light levels that ensure adequate visual performance and comfort, while simultaneously providing non-visual (biological and emotional) benefits.

When a light beam strikes a smooth surface, most of it reflects back in the same concentration. This is specular reflection, which gives us direct, bright light. A mirror is a common example of a smooth surface that causes specular reflection. On rough surfaces, even microscopic irregularities create roughness. This does not break the law of reflection. Each ray reflects back at the same angle at which it struck the object but in a different direction. So diffuse light is scattered light. This scattering is what causes the diffusion and softness of the light beam.

When trying to improve as a driver there are many instances where the same driver can be both overdriving their car and underdriving.

CPL filters work best when there is a lot of light. They are incredibly versatile and can help you take better photos in various situations.

Although not very common yet, some have reported that it may be beneficial to use a lighting system with additional spectral benefits which can be found in the non-visual part of the spectrum, e.g. supporting Vitamin D production or photobiomodulation.

In the next table you will find our recommendations for horizontal light levels. These levels are based on the current knowledge, and a combination of best practices and scientific arguments. Please note that these light levels must remain comfortable and adequate for the age of the user and the specific task. The horizontal intensity criterion also depends on the spectrum (see following paragraph), lighting design, and environment. Timing should be personalised so that it supports personal schedules.

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Many individual users appreciate having personal control over the dynamics and spectral characteristics of the light. The amount of control, or adaption ranges can be selected by the system and made time of day dependent.

Unless you would like to fall asleep and wake up later, take measures to get a dose of natural daylight in the morning immediately after waking up for at least 30 minutes, e.g. by taking a walk or bicycle ride outdoors, or walking or biking to work or school. If it is dark when you wake, try to ‘see’ the first half hour of natural daylight after sunrise.

Good light indoors stimulates during the day with an intensity that is approximately 2-5x higher than the current norm for vision and relaxes during the evening with an intensity that is approximately 5x lower than the current norm for vision.

Just like in nature, indoor light should be attractive, comfortable and of high quality. This is achieved when indoor lighting shows colours naturally, does not cause too much glare, does not have unwanted artifacts or flicker, provides attractive contrast, lights the space comfortably, does not make noise and feels safe.

Good Light indoors can be adapted by the user for personal needs based on suggestions by the system. Individuals may differ in light appreciation with respect to intensities and preference for warm or cool tones of (white) light. In addition, individuals can differ in the timing of their sleep-wake phase, also referred to as being a different chronotype. Early chronotypes have a morning preference and late chronotypes an evening preference. This results in individual needs when it comes to the timing of the dynamic 24h pattern of light, and both its intensity and spectral characteristics. In addition, having personal control over the dynamics and spectral characteristics of light is highly appreciated by individuals.

The recommendations are intended to be used by healthy people with a day-active schedule. It is not meant as a treatment for patients; people with eye- or skin diseases or who suffer from mood disorders are advised to seek medical advice. This information is not intended for people who work shifts. Working in early shifts, late shifts, night shifts, forward or backward rotating shifts impacts your circadian rhythm. Light interventions to support shift workers need to be personalised and may depend on individual differences, shift work schedules and job demands.

*Melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (in the table abbreviated to MEDI) is one of the metrics defined in the international Standard CIE S026:218 recommended to be used in measuring the non-visual effects of light