Not every theater has a ghost light in use, but many do. The Academy of Music, Merriam, Wilma, Walnut Street, Forrest, and McCarter have them, as do smaller theaters.

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In fact, when the McCarter opened its Berlind Theatre in 2003, it had, instead of a ghost light, a light mounted in the ceiling shining onto the stage when the theater wasn’t in use. “Within a week, the crew wanted an old-fashioned ghost light,” says McCarter stage supervisor Stephen Howe.

Theory explaining the concept of Plane-Polarised light, transverse waves, and their type. A Detailed overview on Polarizers as well as Linear, Circular and Elliptical Polarisation

Lights left burning to ward off ghosts, bad luck, and other threats have become a beacon of hope for theaters waiting for COVID-19 to fade.

Ghosting

Light comes under the category of an electromagnetic wave, and the electric field of this wave oscillates in a perpendicular direction to the direction of its propagation. Light is termed unpolarised if this electric field’s focus fluctuates randomly. Some examples of unpolarised light include sunlight, halogen lighting, LEDs, and incandescent bulbs. However, when the direction of this electric field is defined, it is called plane-polarised light. The most common example of this kind is laser lights and devices.

When the COVID-19 shutdown began, it was the Arden production staff that took it upon itself to put up the ghost light, “and it totally made me cry,” says Arden managing director Amy L. Murphy.

“We have apps that would allow me to take out my phone and turn on all the lights,” says Howe. “But I’ve never found anybody, from the youngest theater professional to the oldest, who doesn’t love the ghost light. It’s a powerful thing.”

Birefringent Polarizers: They depend on the refractive index of the polarisation of light. Different plane-polarised light can be refracted at different angles, which can be used to select a desired polarisation of light.

Ghostlight LED

“For theater people, it has had a broader symbolic meaning for a long time,” says Lantern Theater Company executive director Stacy Maria Dutton. “Prometheus stole fire from the gods and put this small ember in a reed and gave it to mankind for betterment. Today it is our eternal fire, our assertion that we will return to live performance and welcome audiences back.”

The ghost light has long been used as a safety measure in theaters, planted on stage between rehearsals or performances to provide just enough light to keep workers from tripping over sets or falling into the orchestra pit. The single unadorned bulb has also stoked the imaginations of those within its glow. Some say it’s there to thwart ghosts who might sabotage the show.

To understand plane polarisation light better, let us know the concept of transverse waves. They are produced when the movement of particles in the wave is perpendicular to the direction of the wave’s motion. Ripples in water and the motion of sound waves could be an example of transverse waves. Longitudinal waves are referred to as particles when they travel in the direction of the motion of the waves.

Theater isn’t dark, not completely. COVID-19′s arrival may have left spotlights and fresnels still, bereft of scenery and actors to light. But at the center of many a stage in Philadelphia and beyond sits an ordinary lightbulb. It burns all day and night. And waits.

Light is the result of the interaction of electrical and magnetic fields that travel through space. The electrical and magnetic vibrations of a light wave happen in perpendicular directions. They move in a perpendicular direction to one another.

The polarisation of light has become an important aspect due to its application in optical fields. Optical design is a subject mainly focusing on the wavelength and the intensity of light while often neglecting polarisation. The latter, however, is an important aspect that affects even optical systems that do not measure it explicitly. The polarisation of light affects the laser beams’ focus, cut-off wavelengths of filters, and prevents unwanted reflections. It’s used in many meteorological applications, including stress analysis in glass and plastic, pharmaceutical analysis, and biology. There are different absorption levels for further polarisation of light, like LCD screens, 3D movies, and glass-reducing sunglasses.

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Prism Light Refraction refers to the bending of light as it travels from one medium (like air) into a different medium (like a glass prism).

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Gaslighting

Hope is especially needed now. For months, as COVID-19 vaccines have come available, a lot of groups have operated on the assumption that live theater would be reunited with non-virtual audiences this fall. Now, with vaccine distribution less than smooth and virus variants appearing, it is less clear when a live audience might once again be possible.

Atmosphericghostlights

The ghost light at the Arden Theatre Company was placed on its main stage March 13 after a performance of A Streetcar Named Desire. Today, both the light and sets sit there as a kind of still-life tribute to theater as it once was.

The ghost light’s new message is emanating from stages in Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Florida, California, and across the globe. Sarah Rasmussen, artistic director of Princeton’s McCarter Theatre Center, says that she will sometimes walk into the McCarter’s Matthews Theatre just to spend a moment in the presence of the ghost light and remind herself that live performances will be back someday.

In Physics, Polarisation is termed as a phenomenon that is caused due to the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. Sunlight has to pass through a vacuum to reach Earth, which is another example of electromagnetic waves. They are called electromagnetic waves because they are formed when electric fields interact with a magnetic field.

Ghostlight theatremeaning

In this type of polarisation, the electric field of the light consists of two components. They are perpendicular to each other and have an equal amplitude but a phase difference of π/2. As a result, the electric field rotates in a circle around the direction of prorogation. It is known as circular polarisation. The electrical field of circularly polarized light travels along with a phase difference of π/2 or 90 degrees. Depending on the direction of rotation, they are further classified into left-hand circularly polarised and right-hand circularly polarized light.

“It is just always on,” says Hannah Opdenaker, director of programming and rentals at Christ Church Neighborhood House, of the ghost light in its third-floor performance space. The venue has lost 95% of its bookings in the pandemic. “It’s really important for us symbolically to keep it on.”

A laser is an instrument that can produce a powerful beam of light. The word laser stands for the scientific words that explain how a laser beam is produced.

“It just belongs to the lore and tradition of the theater, and it’s not going to change,” says Walnut Street Theatre president and producing artistic director Bernard Havard. “If you tried to tell a stagehand that you were going to be without it, you’d have an insurrection on your hands.”

Now, though, as the COVID-19 era stretches on and darkness lengthens for many theaters, the ghost light has taken on new significance: the promise of being able to gather in the flesh once again.

Dichroic Polarisers: They help absorb a specific polarization of light and transmit the rest. Nanoparticle polarisers are an example of this.

From the figure, you can see how a light beam comes out in the same direction after passing through a polariser. Before the light beam passes through a polarizer, its path keeps varying but as soon as it passes through a polariser, it gets aligned in the same direction.

“I think every theater I’ve worked in has had one,” says Nell Bang-Jensen, artistic director of Theatre Horizon in Norristown.

In this type of polarisation, the light’s electric field travels in propagation and is limited to a single plane. Electric field of linearly polarised light will be confined to a single plane. In this case, the electric field remains limited to a single plane, the x-y plane. It is linear polarization.

Ghost lightingmovie

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Let us perform an experiment where we take two planes. The magnetic field occupies one plane while the electrical field occupies the other, and both of them are placed perpendicular to one another. These vibrations can occur in numerous planes. A light wave that vibrates in more than one plane is unpolarised light. The other kind is the polarised light in which the vibrations will occur in a single plane. Plane-polarised light will consist of waves with the same direction of vibrations. The process involving transforming unpolarized light into a polarised light is known as polarisation.

Reflective Polarisers: They help transmit the desired light waves while reflecting the rest of it. Grid wires are a suitable example of this. The light that is to be polarised is reflected through the grid wires, while the light that is to be transmitted is polarised perpendicular to these wires.

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2021711 — Dispersion is defined as the spitting of white light into different colors when passed through a prism.

“What I love about the theater is the traditions and the superstitions and all those things, so the ghost light is meant to protect the artist and audience and theater from danger, bad luck, and ghosts,” she says.

Polarisers are used to achieve a particular polarization of light. They can be divided into reflective, dichroic, and birefringent polarisers. They act as an optical filter that allows light waves to pass through it while blocking undesirable light waves of other kinds. Another definition suggests it is an optical device used to convert an unpolarised light into a polarised plane light.

Normally, stagehands might put out a ghost light to run between, say, the end of a Sunday matinee and a Tuesday night performance.

why is it called aghostlight?

You might think in the age of tech that this vestige of old-school theater would be an endangered species — a Princess Telephone in a world of iThis and iThat.

There are practical reasons for keeping it, says Anne Ewers, president and CEO of the Kimmel Center, where ghost lights are used in the Academy of Music and Merriam Theater. A standard lightbulb that plugs into a regular outlet allows it to take over from more expensive theater lighting that would otherwise be used.

Polarisation is used in various imaging applications where they are placed over a light source or lens to discard excess light, improve contrast, and eliminate hot spots from reflective objects. It is effectively used in sunglasses to reduce glare. The television screen that we watch at home, the LCDs use this concept for its modulating properties of liquid crystals because they do not emit light directly. They are even used to improve contrast and colour effects. When a polariser is used, it filters out some light and reflects it, such that it darkens the perceived colours of these images.

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It might not look like much — not compared to modern feats of stagecraft. Typically, a ghost light is a single bulb atop a plain pole. It could be any no-frills household floor lamp without a shade. It doesn’t cast a lot of light, but enough to allow workers entering the theater to move around safely without stage or house lights.

As a symbol, the ghost light “makes a lot of sense,” says LaNeshe Miller-White, executive director of Theatre Philadelphia, the region’s theater membership group. “We need that kind of glimmer of hope, that this will be over one day, that we will be back in theaters someday.”

Philadelphia actor and playwright Ang Bey has thought about how ghost lights have continued during this “great pause,” and how, after the pandemic, theater will reemerge recontextualized by society as it has evolved in the past year.

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This case can be seen when an electric field follows an elliptical propagation. It happens due to two linear components that have different amplitudes and phase difference that is not 90 degrees.

“There are so many new conversations about rebuilding theater, breaking down what we had before and finding something new, and the ghost light, holding onto that as a tradition can be symbolic of something new, too,” says Bey. “Ghost lights have historical context, and we can recognize them from back in the day, but also the light they give off can carry us into the future and should represent the newness that will happen when we all come back together in an enclosed space.”

Polarisers are used to attain certain polarisations of light while discarding the rest. But in the case of waveplates, they modify polarisations without discarding them or even deviating or displacing the beam. It can be done by delaying one polarisation component against its orthogonal component. They are mostly used to convert polarisation states and linear polarisations into circularly polarised light.