Lux is a standardised unit of measurement of light level intensity, which is commonly referred to as "illuminance" or "illumination".

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Lighting larger areas to the same necessary lux levels will requires a larger measured level of lumens – this is usually achieved by increasing the number of light fixtures (and hence the power consumed). Bigger commercial & industrial buildings (such as factories and warehouses) have large open spaces so a large number of high power light fittings ('high bay' and 'low bay' types)are generally required.

A specification in lux tells you how many Lumens (total light output) you need given the measured area you are trying to illuminate.

There are three other factors that affect whether or not a laser beam can be seen – the beam’s intensity, the beam’s wavelength and the amount of particulate matter in the air. To “see” a light, it needs to actually reach your eye, but due to the unidirectional and controlled nature of a laser beam, it should theoretically be invisible. The only way it can reach our eye is if that concentrated light is scattered somehow, and refracted to our eyes. A laser beam can be scattered by any particle in its path, including the particles already present in the air. Atoms and other molecules are present all around us in our atmosphere, but there are also larger particles, such as dust.

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The Light Output Ratio is the ratio of the total amount of measured lumen output of a light fitting (containing a lamp) to that of just the lamp in isolation.

As mentioned above, laser beams are concentrated forms of electromagnetic radiation that excites photons and generates an energetic stream. Laser beams are also very different from normal light, in that they are monochromatic (one wavelength of light will be generated), organized (meaning the photons move in a united front, with coordinated waves) and unidirectional (meaning it is focused and strong, rather than weak and diffuse).

Types ofilluminationPDF

At its most basic definition, a laser beam is a concentrated stream of electromagnetic radiation, but it can come in a variety of different forms. That electromagnetic radiation can be in the form of X-rays, visible light, ultraviolet or infrared light – basically the forms of radiation that are relatively safe to manipulate and be exposed to.

In the specification of lighting for real-world industrial & commercial applications (such as a factory or warehouse) it cannot be assumed that:

A light engineering term exists for the measurement of the rate at which a lamp is able to convert electrical power (Watts) to Light (Lumens) – this is referred to as luminous efficacy (or just efficacy) – and is expressed in Lumens per watt (LPW) or Lumens per circuit Watt

So 1,000 lumens, concentrated into an area of one square metre, lights up that square metre with an illuminance level of 1000 lux. The same 1,000 Lumens, spread out over ten square metres, produces an illuminance level of only 100 Lux.

LED lighting modules do not die instantly like most conventional light sources do - they slowly dim until the lumens output is no longer acceptable.

Some examples of total lumens output (as measured in lumens) from common commercial & industrial light sources are given below:

We’ve all seen enough sci-fi films over the years to see a few key similarities – massive futuristic ships, alien species and, of course, enough laser-beam shootouts to criss-cross the galaxy. Obviously, this incredible visual tool makes those interplanetary dogfights all the more thrilling, with their bursting flashes of green, blue and red.

The power required to operate an installed light fitting (or luminaire) is measured as a rated Wattage (Watts being Joules of energy per second). The rated wattage of a light source refers to the entire power consumed in creating the light Lumens and includes the:

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This guide helps you to understand what the expressions "Lux" and "Lumens" mean and how they relate to the energy consumption & lighting levels for commercial & industrial lighting installations (including the latest energy efficient industrial LED lighting fixtures).

Lumen depreciation refers to the process of gradual decline in light output that is observed from most light sources over time. This includes (but is not limited to):

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It should, however, be noted that lower cost high power LEDs (such as those required for large industrial buildings such as a factory or warehouse ) can suffer a rapid initial loss of lumens, rapidly reducing the lighting lux to below the intended lighting lux requirements in only a short time. Although the loss of light may initially pass unnoticed by the building users (some light after-all is being produce), the light fittings have essentially failed & should be replaced.

By way of an example - take an industrial or warehouse high bay light fitting with a LOR of 70%: this indicates that 30% of the lamp's light output is lost due to the design of the fitting

To place the amount of 1 lux into context, examples of the wide ranging lux of a natural ambient light conditions are given in the table below:

Now, to return to the most classic example – a huge Star Destroyer blowing holes in other spaceships in your favorite Star Wars film. In that scenario, laser beams would be completely invisible, as there is no atmosphere in space, so there are not particles that can scatter the light. That being said, those battle scenes wouldn’t be nearly as exciting with a bunch of invisible lasers, so filmmakers have had to make a few alterations to reality to keep us coming back to the movies!

(b) White light is dispersed by the prism (shown exaggerated). Since the index of refraction varies with wavelength, the angles of refraction vary with ...

To assist with further understanding - the concepts of 'Light Output Ratio' and 'Lumen Depreciation' are explained further below.

Indirect lighting uses the ceiling, walls or other surfaces as secondary reflectors. If it is sufficiently bright, general illumination with diffuse light is ...

The lighting output of a light fitting is typically reported as a lumens output - the intensity of light on a surface (the lux) is dependent on the intensity of the light source (i.e. its lumens output) and the desired surface area to be lit.

Sunlight provides between many thousand of lux to only a few hundred depending on the weather conditions & time of day. The lux of artificial indoor lighting, however, is typically 1000 lux or below, as can be seen in the following commercial lighting installation examples:

Your existing lighting could be wasting your business many thousands of pounds every year, be difficult to maintain, or even produce inadequate light for your working conditions.

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In many of those practical uses for lasers, they wouldn’t be exposed for the naked eye to see, but if they were, would we even be able to see them? After all, we can’t see X-rays, infrared or ultraviolet light without special equipment… why would laser beams composed of the same radiation be any different?

Here at Green Business Light, we must ensure that our energy efficient industrial and commercial lighting installations provide the necessary illumination levels for an end-client's building (such as a warehouse or factory).

Laser beams are concentrated light that is used in many different ways. In movies, they are used for exciting dogfights, but in real life they are used for things like surgery and telecommunications. The way to see a laser beam is if it is scattered by particles in the air. The wavelength and intensity of the beam, as well as the amount of particulate matter in the air, all affect whether or not a person can see the beam.

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NOTE: All of the measurements above relate to installed light sources which are new and have not dropped in efficiency - the gradual decay of lighting levels must be taken into account when performing lux calculations prior to light system installation in commercial buildings such as warehouses, factories etc. - find out more details below.

When you are trying to create a laser beam, however, you can catch those photons between two mirrors, where the light will continue bouncing back and forth, exciting even more particles and releasing even more photons that have the same wavelength and phase. This manipulation of those energized atoms, concentrating them into a very narrow space and forcing the subsequent photons to move in a uniform direction, essentially creates a laser beam.

Usually light needs to be directed towards the working area (e.g. - downwards from roof to floor), however, light radiates from lamps and bulbs in all directions (upwards, sideways etc.)

The lumen is a standardised unit of measurement of the total "amount" of light packets (or quanta if you want to get technical!) that is produced by the light source - such as a lamp, tube or LED chip. This total measured light may also be referred to by commercial or industrial lighting engineers as "luminous flux".

Depending on the strength and wavelength of this electromagnetic beam, lasers are used for hundreds of different modern applications. This form of concentrated light can be extremely powerful – even strong enough to cut through solid steel! However, your interactions with laser beams are probably quite a bit more mild, such as the lasers found in DVD players, QC code readers, surgical equipment and daily telecommunications via television and the Internet.

A measurement of 1 lux is equal to the illumination of a one metre square surface that is one metre away from a single candle.

Types ofilluminationin slit lamp

However, these scenes do raise a very important questions… is that really what a laser beam looks like? More importantly, can we see them in real life, just like we do in the movies?

The LOR of a light fitting will also be affected over time as debris &/or dust builds up on reflectors, as well as protective covers in the case of fittings with an 'IP' rating. This will particularly be the case in industrial & factory buildings which have many different processes (.e.g chemical, manufacturing etc.) being undertaken.

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This is where these three factors come into play; the intensity and wavelength of the light, combined with particles in the air. Light can scatter as a result of air molecules based on Rayleigh scattering, which is inversely proportional to wavelength, meaning that it is easier to see green and blue wavelength light (as these are smaller wavelengths than red). The greater the intensity of the beam, the more light there is to scatter through the molecules of the air, making it easier to see.

Up to now this article has covered the technical definitions of Lux, Lumens & Watts but this is only part of the necessary understanding.

The use of highly polished aluminium reflectors will redirect most of the light downwards - however a proportion will always be 'trapped' in the fitting (and ultimately lost as heat). Its worth noting that directional light sources (such as LED chips in a commercial LED high bay light) do not suffer from this problem to the same extent - here light is emitted as a beam in a singular direction - therefore the LOR will typically be higher for LEDs.

Light socket adapters essentially work as interim sockets that, once screwed into a fixture's own socket, allow for such fixtures to use either larger or ...

Now, to create a laser beam, you need to energize a group of atoms, which causes them to elevate into an excited state. At this point, the excited atoms will give off photons, and that “light” will move in a certain direction. This first photon will help to excite other particles, causing more of a release, and those photons will also move in the same direction, creating a cascade. Now, from a normal light source, these photons would quickly be scattered and diffused, like when you flip a light switch; the light spreads equally over the lit space.

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The actual total illumination levels provided by an installed light fitting (such as one installed in a factory or warehouse will be critically dependent on the Light Output Ratio:

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One lux (1 lux) is defined as being equivalent to one lumen spread over an area of one square metre. To put it another way:

Some examples of luminous efficacy in common commercial & industrial light sources are given below (Please note that these only refer to the light sources and not the light fitting):

Both Light Output Ratio and Lumen Depreciation must be taken into account when calculating the required number of light fittings to maintain a desired lux levels for a warehouse or industrial setting over the lamps intended lifetime.

The intensity of light that is allowed to pass through the filter depends on the angle between the filter and wave's polarisation axis.

Green Business Light provides a full range of energy efficient lighting services to commercial clients throughout England & Wales including: North West - Lancaster, Liverpool, Manchester - North-East - Yorkshire, Leeds, Sheffield, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Durham, Middlesborough - Midlands - Birmingham, Coventry, Leicester, Nottingham, Derby, Northampton - South England - City of London, Brighton, Cambridge, Norwich, Portsmouth, Reading, Watford - South West - Bristol, Exeter, Gloucester, Plymouth - Wales - Cardiff, Swansea

The specified illumination or brightness levels of lighting required to be achieved by a lighting installer is usually expressed as an amount of 'lux', for example 150 or 400 lux, but what does this actually mean?

For commercial & industrial environments where specialised tasks are performed e.g. professional indoor sport, detailed drawing or mechanical work, prolonged small size & low contrast visual work etc., this can require illumination levels from 1,500 all the way up to 20,000 lux in extreme cases.

John Staughton is a traveling writer, editor, publisher and photographer who earned his English and Integrative Biology degrees from the University of Illinois. He is the co-founder of a literary journal, Sheriff Nottingham, and the Content Director for Stain’d Arts, an arts nonprofit based in Denver. On a perpetual journey towards the idea of home, he uses words to educate, inspire, uplift and evolve.

Imagine the last time you were in a crowded nightclub and the laser lights were going wild, cutting through the smoke and haze of the room like any respectable space battle. That extra particulate matter scatters light much more readily, so those smoke machines are largely responsible for why so many people assume that laser beams can always be seen. Interestingly enough, the human eye’s ability to see peaks around the green wavelength, so even though that is a higher wavelength than blue light, it may be easier to spot a green laser.

The light output ratio is required in commercial lighting installation because when a lamp is positioned in a light fitting (such as an industrial 400W metal halide high bay) losses of light occur within the fitting itself.