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Answer A is not correct, since reset windup is caused by allowing a controller's integral action to continue to operate after a valve has reached an output limit. This can occur with direct- or reverse-acting controllers.
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Answer D is not correct. Feed-forward control can be configured for both forward- and reverse-acting loops and is concerned with the magnitude of control output changes based on process dynamics and transport times.
This automation industry quiz question comes from the ISA Certified Control Systems Technician (CCST) program. Certified Control System Technicians calibrate, document, troubleshoot, and repair/replace instrumentation for systems that measure and control level, temperature, pressure, flow, and other process variables. Click this link for more information about the CCST program.
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Answer C is not correct, since a reverse-acting controller will decrease its output as the controlled variable increases in value. This would be typical of a steam valve in a heating loop with a fail-closed valve. As the temperature rises, the output would decrease to reduce the amount of heat being transferred to the system.
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The correct answer is B, direct acting. The controller output acts in the direction of the change of process variable, hence the name "direct acting." This type of controller would be used with a fail-closed valve in a pressure control scheme. As the pressure increases (controlled variable), the valve output would increase to open the valve in order to relieve the pressure.