The irradiance and phase profile of laser light is often redistributed in refractive beam-shaping assemblies. Diffractive optical elements and aspheric or freeform lenses, which are field-mapping phase elements, are primarily used in such assemblies. A refractive field mapper uses wavefront distortion and the energy conservation constraint to convert the Gaussian beam profile into a flat top profile. In a Keplerian or Galilean lens assembly, the incident beam's amplitude and phase are altered after passing through both components. Within the boundaries of the design, the resultant beam shaping is extremely effective and wavelength agnostic. Flat phase fronts and homogeneous irradiance distribution are made possible by refractive beam shapers.​​​​​​

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The design of beam shapers is constrained by the uncertainty principle. For instance, the spatial frequencies become less defined for a design with a highly well-defined location. A characteristic parameter is determined by applying the uncertainty principle to diffraction theory, specifically the Fresnel integral of the Fourier transform relation.

Sivarajah, Ilamaran. "A Guide to Laser Beam Shaping Techniques". AZoOptics. https://www.azooptics.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2432. (accessed November 09, 2024).

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Did you know that good lighting is an important factor for safety and efficiency of your workers in factory and mill management? A good lighting system can certainly reduce accidents, increase accuracy in workmanship, decreased spoilage of product, increased productivity, less eye strain, better working and living conditions, greater satisfaction among workers, hygiene and better supervision.  So all you need is an illumination test from an authorized laboratory for proper lighting of your factory, manufacturing unit or workplace.

If you would like to use our testing services please feel free to contact us through the contact form or call us now on +91-11-45754575. We will be happy to provide you a proposal for Illumination testing etc.

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Beam shaping affects the basic characteristics of light. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle related to position and momentum governs how effective it is.

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Other forms of optics for circularizing elliptical beams include pairs of anamorphic prisms. Two prisms are combined to distort a laser beam in anamorphic prism pairs. They can create additional elliptical beam profiles in a range of sizes, although they are primarily employed to convert elliptical beam profiles into circular distributions. The reshaping is accomplished using the same optical technique as cylinder lenses: refraction. While one axis, or direction, of light is twisted, the other axis stays unchanged. This accounts for the various divergence angles of the beam.​​​

Lux Meter

Laser beam shapers that are either diffractive or refractive are frequently used in higher-performance applications that need more efficiency.​​​​​

Illumination is measured by Lux Meter which is a small instrument containing sensor and display parts. Sensor part is placed on a place where illumination is to be measured. The display part shows reading in the Lux unit.

Fred M. Dickey, Louis S. Weichman, Richard N. Shagam, "Laser beam shaping techniques," Proc. SPIE 4065, High-Power Laser Ablation III, (16 August 2000); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.407361

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It is pivotal to ensure that industries must follow the guidelines mentioned in Factories Act 1948(India).  The requirement of lighting differs based on type of work and place. As per Factories Act the minimum light levels should not exceed 500 Lux as it measures the intensity of light hitting a surface typically a wall or a floor .One lux is equivalent to one lumen per square meter. They differ from lumens, which measure the brightness of the light source.

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Circularizing a beam is a new kind of laser beam shaping that entails changing an oval or other non-circular profile to a circular one. Cylinder lenses employ curved surfaces to converge or diverge light, much like conventional spherical lenses do; however, they only have optical power in one direction. The perpendicular dimension of light is unaffected by cylindrical lenses. Standard spherical lenses are unable to do this because they force light to equally concentrate or diverge in a rotationally symmetric way. Because of this quality, cylinder lenses are effective in circularizing elliptical beams and forming laser light sheets.

Sivarajah, Ilamaran. (2023, May 15). A Guide to Laser Beam Shaping Techniques. AZoOptics. Retrieved on November 09, 2024 from https://www.azooptics.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2432.

Diffractive beam shapers modify the laser beam into a certain irradiance distribution by using diffraction rather than refraction. Etching is a technique used by diffractive elements to produce a specific nanostructure in a substrate. Usually, the height and zone spacing have an impact on the element's function and design wavelengths. Therefore, it is crucial to use a diffractive optical component at the design wavelength to prevent performance issues. Diffractive elements are also more reliant on alignment, divergence, and the beam location in the plane to refractive beam shapers. However, since diffractive optical components often consist of a single element rather than a number of refractive lenses, they are far more favorable in laser systems with limited space.​​​​​

Moreover, the requirement of artificial lighting is resulting in ocular fatigue of workers, and loss of labor-power. Inadequate lighting both artificial and natural leads to eye strain, headache, and accidents.

The illumination testing takes 10 minutes for monitoring and 1-2 days in reporting. The analysis takes around 1-2 hours.

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Appropriate level of illumination is the intensity of light which allows you to see what you need to see without any visual discomfort.

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Several studies and surveys reveal that a large percentage of factories and manufacturing units are below the regulatory requirement which affects the productivity and safety of the workers.

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Apart from the beam shaping techniques described above, various other methods are also broadly employed, dependent on the demands of particular applications.  Most methods excel at eliminating spherical aberration and reducing other optical aberrations while increasing throughput. A thorough overview of the practicalities of beam shaping in many areas for prospective applications, supported by significant efforts to uncover the real nature of structured light and its characteristics, is provided in a number of literary publications.​​​​​

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Sivarajah, Ilamaran. 2023. A Guide to Laser Beam Shaping Techniques. AZoOptics, viewed 09 November 2024, https://www.azooptics.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2432.

The characteristic properties of a laser beam can be modified by beam-shaping techniques to meet the demands of specific applications. In order to achieve a desirable beam profile that is maintained over the intended propagation distance, beam shapers redistribute the irradiance of an optical beam with appropriate adjustments of its phase.

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Ilamaran Sivarajah is an experimental atomic/molecular/optical physicist by training who works at the interface of quantum technology and business development.

To measure illumination an area should be divided into small equal parts and which can be in square shape. Then a lux meter or Monitor lighting kit is kept at the center of each square. By observing results we can come to know about the distribution of light in the workplace.

The irradiance distribution and phase of a laser beam are often used to describe its form. The latter is crucial for assessing a beam profile's homogeneity along its propagation distance. Typical irradiance distributions include the Gaussian, which shows a decline in irradiance with increasing radial distance, and the flat-top beams, which show a constant irradiance across a certain region.

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We offer illumination testing services and ensure that the lighting system at your work area is appropriate as per the guidelines in the Factories Act 1948(India). We have our presence in PAN India locations to provide you quick and efficient services.

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In every factory where natural sun light is not reachable or not uniform then in that case additional uniform lighting should be provided. It should avoid shadows, strong contrast, free from direct or reflected glare.

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where z is the distance from the output plane, λ is the wavelength, C is a constant, and Ri and Ro are the input and output beam half-widths, respectively. When developing a beam shaping application, the value of β is crucial since higher values are correlated with greater beam shaping performance. This formula also suggests that designing beam shapers for bigger beams, shorter wavelengths, and closer focus distances will be simpler.

Gaussian beams may be physically trimmed by an aperture to generate a pseudo-flat top profile in low-performance systems when cost is a deciding issue. Although this is ineffective and wastes energy on the Gaussian profile's periphery, it reduces system complexity and expense.

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A lens or other focusing device is used to superimpose the beamlets at the target plane in a laser beam integrator, also known as a homogenizer. Multiple Ienslets are used to split the beam into an array of smaller beams, called beamlets. Both coherent laser beams and other light sources can be input into a laser beam integrator. The total of the diffraction patterns generated by the lenslet array typically represents the final output beam profile. A homogenized flat top profile is produced by most laser beam integrators using incident Gaussian beams.​​​

Edmund Optics. . Laser Beam Shaping Overview. [Online] Edmundoptics.com. Available at: https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/application-notes/optics/laser-beam-shaping-overview/

Shanghai Optics provides high-precision off-axis parabolic (OAP) mirrors designed for advanced optical systems, offering superior reflective solutions for applications requiring precise light collimation and focus.

Different beam profiles other than the conventional Gaussian profile of a laser are sometimes advantageous for specific applications. For instance, flat top profiles are preferable to Gaussian beams in applications like materials processing systems because the flat top profile provides more precise and predictable cuts and edges.

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