After being hit with a stun gun, you might not be able to recall short-term memories. And you may have trouble processing new information, which could last for up to one hour, one study found.

New body camera video obtained by ABC News shows a conversation between Johnny Mims, a band director at Minor High School in Alabama, and a Birmingham Police Department (BPD) officer who shocked him with a stun gun during an incident on Sept. 14 after Mims refused to comply with officer's orders to stop the music so they could clear the field.

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Police and law enforcement have been using Tasers, known generally as stun guns, since 1974 as a safer alternative to guns. But risk of death is still a concern. There have been more than 1,000 reports of deaths involving a Taser or another conducted electrical weapon (CEW).

Video shows police approaching Mims during what he said was the band’s last song and asked him to ask the band to stop the music so they can clear the field.

Taser's common X26 model administers a shock of about 1.9 milliamperes, according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers — well below the 10 milliamps needed to cause a severe electric shock but still enough to have an effect.

About 90% of law enforcement in the US issues Tasers, and given that there are roughly 18,000 law enforcement agencies, that corresponds to more than 140,000 Tasers nationwide.

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This induces a state called neuromuscular incapacitation, which hijacks the communication link between your body and brain, making it difficult to make any voluntary movements.

This temporary effect on memory has led to a push for police to delay questioning or the reading of the Miranda rights to people who have recently been shocked, until they have the chance to recover cognitively.

In the body camera videos of the incident reviewed by ABC News, some moments of the interaction between Mims and police are not clearly visible, as Mims is not always in view and it’s dark in the stadium after the lights are turned off.

Video obtained by ABC News shows the officer accusing Mims of "swinging" on him as police led him out in handcuffs and escorted him to receive medical attention.

The incident took place on Sept. 14 at P.D. Jackson-Olin High School in Birmingham during "fifth quarter" – a tradition that originates at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) where school bands face off, taking turns to play music after a football game comes to an end.

"I was on the ground. So, to go and tase me twice or three times … that's excessive," he said. "I'm a band director. I'm the bus driver. So, I wasn't, I wasn't running … I can't go nowhere. I got students that I'm accountable for."

The officer, who is Black, said he is concerned this incident will fuel the children's mistrust of police, and told Mims they need to "fix this" and find a way to "bridge the gap" between police and the children.

Still, with the reports of cardiac arrest after strikes from CEWs, Rasouli said, "scientists are not exactly sure yet" about the likelihood of a stun gun affecting your heart.

"Basically, Taser energy weapons send a signal to your muscles telling them to flex," or seize up, Amy Nguyen, the chief safety officer at Axon, which manufactures Tasers, said.

"I did not let this escalate," Mims replied, adding that he told police the band was playing their last song of the night and was going to leave as soon as they finished.

Many Tasers and some other CEWs have two probes with pointed metal barbs that shoot out and puncture the skin. While the wounds are typically minor, at least one person reported he needed surgery to remove a barb.

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"Rhabdomyolysis occurs when muscle tissue is overstimulated, becomes overcontracted, and components of muscle protein are released into the bloodstream," Giordano said.

Body camera footage released by BPD shows officers attempting to clear the stadium following the game and as they approach Mims and ask him to tell the band to stop the music, he repeatedly says, "Get out of my face." He later told police that the band was "fixing to leave" after they finished their last song.

"Since a Taser shock is an incredibly stressful and painful experience, there can certainly be neurocognitive side effects," like trouble finding words or processing information, Rasouli said.

Of course, you'd still need to cope with secondary injuries like bruises, cuts, memory impairment, or, sometimes, long-term emotional or psychological trauma.

Another study from the '80s on CEW injuries found that 0.5% of people studied experienced testicular torsion, or twisted testicles. That can happen to men when their muscles contract severely, Giordano said, even if a Taser doesn't hit the pelvis directly.

Mims expressed concern over how this incident impacted the students in an interview with "Good Morning America" that aired on Wednesday. "To hear those kids cry … [that] is the most heartbreaking thing that anybody can ever experience," Mims said.

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Asked if any of the officers have been disciplined, a spokesperson for the Birmingham Police Department's Internal Affairs Division told ABC News on Wednesday that an investigation is ongoing.

First, your pain receptors and nerve endings are overstimulated by the electrical shock, making them more sensitive. Second, the strong muscle contractions can induce the same sort of muscle fatigue you might experience after hitting the gym.

"I want these charges dropped against my client. His reputation has been impacted. They have impugned his character," Givan said. "We want justice for our client, and we want his voice to be heard. We want him respected and we want an apology from the city of Birmingham."

An electrical strike from a stun gun could "lead to disruptions in heart function that can range from moderate to severe and possibly fatal," Giordano said.

"If you were to shake that jar a hundred times as fast as you can and multiply that by a thousand," the person told Reuters.

BPD released a nearly 8-minute clip of the incident last week that shows Mims refusing to comply and then being shocked three times by police, but Mims’ attorney, Juandalynn Givan, shared additional body camera footage of the incident with ABC News that shows the moments after Mims was arrested, including a conversation he had with the officer who shocked him during the incident.

The same study that found puncture wounds to be a common injury also found evidence for rhabdomyolysis in one out of 1,201 people hit with stun guns.

"My biggest prayer is that first of all, that these students will not hold a grudge that they will be able to overcome this – that they would one day be able to move forward and continue to be the great people that they are," he added.

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Scrapes and bruises are also possible since many people fall over after being hit by a CEW. A study from 1987 found that 38% of people who were shocked reported lacerations or scrapes.

While there's limited research on the psychological effects of CEW jolts, being shocked may contribute to trauma. The physical and emotional pain of a strike is an "objectively traumatic event," Giordano said.

Earlier this year, Louisville, Kentucky, police officers shocked a man with a stun gun so many times that his children asked whether he was dead, a Justice Department investigation found.

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A study attributed at least some of the deaths following a Taser X26 shock to cardiac arrest, which can be a consequence of VF.

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Strikes from stun guns "cause severe, uncontrollable contractions of your muscles, which are very painful," Dr. Jonathan J. Rasouli, a neurosurgeon with Staten Island University Hospital, said, adding: "This is what gives Tasers their incapacitating power and can stun an individual quickly and reversibly."

"We gotta fix this. You know, I don’t like this. We gotta fix this. We gotta come up with something," the officer said as he walked Mims to the police car. "Right now, I care about them babies on that bus that just got left. I care about them babies that aren’t going to be able to trust the police just because of these situations."

During testicular torsion, one or both testes twist on their spermatic cords, tissue that sends blood to the scrotum. That can cut off blood flow to the testicles and cause the testicular tissue to die if blood flow isn't restored within six hours.

Some people who are hit with CEWs experience muscle soreness for a few days after the fact. This happens for two reasons, Giordano said.

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Those proteins can damage kidney function and even induce kidney failure. Rhabdomyolysis is treatable, but without medical attention, it can be fatal, Giordano said.

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This is an important area of research, since many people who're hit with stun guns are already in a high-stress situation and experiencing emotional distress. Rasouli said more research was needed on how a strike might contribute to mental illness long term.

A quick note before we get into it: Taser is a brand name for a specific type of CEW. Put another way, all Tasers are stun guns, but not all stun guns are Tasers. Some of the research cited below involved stun guns, and not Tasers specifically.

In the moments before Mims was shocked with a stun gun, an officer can be heard saying, "He hit the officer, he gotta go to jail."

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Police have been known to shock people as young as 11 years old and as old as 75, so it's important to know how these devices affect the brain and body.

The electrical pulses from a Taser strike last only five seconds. After that, most people return to their normal muscle function right away.

So testicular torsion isn't just very painful but also a medical emergency, though it's rare for people who are shocked by a stun gun.

Police allege Mims, who was charged with disorderly conduct, harassment and resisting arrest, refused to place his hands behind his back and pushed an officer during the altercation.

Mims, who was placed on administrative leave by the Jefferson County School District following the incident, was booked at the Birmingham City Jail and was released on bond hours later, online jail records show.

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In one study involving 1,201 cases of shocks from stun guns against criminal suspects, about 83% of people reported a mild injury of superficial puncture wounds, making these wounds the most common injury associated with Tasers.

"A Taser, while intended to be nonlethal, can still incur serious effects, which in some cases, can be life-threatening," especially for those with a heart condition or who are on drugs that affect the cardiovascular system like cocaine and methamphetamine, said James Giordano, a professor of neurology and biochemistry at Georgetown University Medical Center and an expert on military medical ethics.

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Givan told "GMA" her office plans to take legal action against the city of Birmingham and called for officers involved to be placed on administrative leave pending further investigation.