Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.

Railway crossing sign australiameaning

Generally, these have occurred in rural areas where the rail line is partially or totally obscured and there is no active warning system for road users approaching the railway crossing.

Road signs

The AWSC4 is a sophisticated monitoring system that is activated by a railway generated signal that a train is approaching the railway level crossing. Independent redundant hardware then commences flashing amber LED Lanterns attached to reflective signs to warn approaching cars and trucks that they must slow down and stop at up to 200m from the level crossing.

For a number of years, Australia has suffered numerous road fatalities because of cars and trucks having collisions with trains at road rail level crossings.

Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:

Railway crossing signmeaning

Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.

Railway crossingNSW

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide

Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.

Aldridge Traffic Controllers have designed and delivered the solution which is now the family of AWSC4 Active Advanced Warning Sign Controllers to VicTrack and VicRoads to avoid such fatalities.

One of Australia's most notable train accidents occured in Kerang in the state of Victoria where 11 people died and 23 injured due to a 40 tonne semi-trailer collided with a passenger train service in a remote rural locality at 1pm (13:00 hours) in broad daylight.

The vehicle in front of you has stopped at arailway crossingdo you overtake

Railway crossing sign australiatest

If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.

For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.

Kris Henning, Christian Peterson, Greg Stewart, Kimberly Kahn, Yves Labissiere, Brian Renauer, Renèe Mitchell, Sean Sothern, Getting Proactive with Police Proactivity: The Benefits of Computer-aided Dispatch for Directing Police Resources to Areas of Need, Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, Volume 16, Issue 3, September 2022, Pages 427–442, https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac031

Sherman et al. [Sherman, L. W., Williams, S., Ariel, B., et al. (2014). ‘An Integrated Theory of Hot Spots Patrol Strategy Implementing Prevention by Scaling up and Feeding Back.’ Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice30(2): 95–122.] argue that crime reductions associated with hot spot policing can be maximized by carefully managing the dosage of supplemental resources delivered. Fully achieving this goal in prior studies has been difficult due to resistance by officers, the use of atypical strategies for directing patrols to target locations, and insufficient attention to the measurement of treatment dosages. This has led to calls for process research examining the implementation of hot spot policing in law enforcement agencies. The current study represents one such effort. The computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system for a large US police department was pre-programmed with 16,200 supplemental community engagement patrols that were communicated to officers similar to emergency calls for service generated by the public. An interdisciplinary team comprised sworn officers, crime analysts, and academics designed and evaluated the intervention using an experimental design. The team found that the vast majority of patrols were delivered as scheduled (n = 12,965; 80.0%) and that planned dosage ratios between treatment conditions were achieved. Advantages of using CAD for proactive policing initiatives and benefits of police–academic partnerships are discussed.

Railway crossing sign australiarules

Many have occurred at night when long freight trains already occupy the intersecting railway and road in rural areas where there is no street lighting to illuminate the area. Freight trains generally have no visible or reflective markings on the rail wagons and as such provide no discernible sign that it is a freight train when those wagons are at the level crossing.

ATC produce two versions, a mains AC powered version (AWSC4) and a standalone solar powered version (AWSC4-SOL) of the Advanced Warning Sign Controllers.

This and other accidents resulted in a cooperative effort between VicRoads and VicTrack to put out to tender a Active Advanced Warning System (AAWS) for road users to avoid such fatalities.

Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal: